1059

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	10th century 11th century 12th century
Decades:	1030s 1040s 1050s 1060s 1070s
Years:	1056 1057 1058 1059 1060 1061 1062

1059 in various calendars

Gregorian calendar	1059 MLIX
Ab urbe condita	1812
Armenian calendar	508 ԹՎ ՇԸ
Assyrian calendar	5809
Balinese saka calendar	980–981
Bengali calendar	466
Berber calendar	2009
English Regnal year	N/A
Buddhist calendar	1603
Burmese calendar	421
Byzantine calendar	6567–6568
Chinese calendar	戊戌年 (Earth  Dog) 3756 or 3549     — to — 己亥年 (Earth  Pig) 3757 or 3550
Coptic calendar	775–776
Discordian calendar	2225
Ethiopian calendar	1051–1052
Hebrew calendar	4819–4820
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1115–1116
- Shaka Samvat	980–981
- Kali Yuga	4159–4160
Holocene calendar	11059
Igbo calendar	59–60
Iranian calendar	437–438
Islamic calendar	450–451
Japanese calendar	Kōhei 2 (康平２年)
Javanese calendar	962–963
Julian calendar	1059 MLIX
Korean calendar	3392
Minguo calendar	853 before ROC 民前853年
Nanakshahi calendar	−409
Seleucid era	1370/1371 AG
Thai solar calendar	1601–1602
Tibetan calendar	阳土狗年 (male Earth-Dog) 1185 or 804 or 32     — to — 阴土猪年 (female Earth-Pig) 1186 or 805 or 33

Duke Robert Guiscard (c. 1015–1085)

Year 1059 ( MLIX ) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

By place

Byzantine Empire

• November 22 – Emperor Isaac I Komnenos falls ill on a hunt and retires to a monastery after a 2-year reign. He abdicates the Byzantine throne and appoints Constantine X, a Paphlagonian nobleman, as his successor. ^[1]
• Fall – The Magyars cross the Danube River, together with several Pecheneg tribes, but are halted by Byzantine forces (approximate date).

Europe

• Peter Krešimir IV ("the Great") is crowned king of Croatia and Dalmatia. His coronation is recognised by the Byzantine Empire who confirm him as the supreme ruler of the Dalmatian cities, i.e. over the Theme of Dalmatia – excluding the theme of Ragusa and the Duchy of Durazzo. ^[2]
• August 23 – Robert Guiscard, count of Apulia and Calabria, signs the Treaty of Melfi with Pope Nicholas II. Nicholas recognises the Norman conquest of southern Italy, and accepts the titles of Guiscard as duke of Sicily. ^[3]

Seljuk Empire

• Alp Arslan succeeds his father Chaghri Beg as governor of Khorasan. He crosses with a Seljuk expeditionary force the upper Halys River and plunders the Theme of Sebasteia (modern Turkey). ^[4]

By topic

Religion

• January 24 – Pope Nicholas II succeeds Stephen IX as the 155th pope of the Catholic Church. He is installed in Rome in opposition to Antipope Benedict X – the brother of the late Pope Benedict IX (deposed in 1048).
• April 13 – Nicholas II, with the agreement of the Lateran Council, issues the papal bull In nomine Domini , making the College of Cardinals the sole voters in the papal conclave for the election of popes.

Births

• At-Turtushi, Andalusian political philosopher (d. 1126)
• Fujiwara no Akinaka, Japanese nobleman (d. 1129)
• Fulcher of Chartres, French priest and chronicler (approximate date)
• Henry I, count of Limburg and Arlon (approximate date)
• Ngok Loden Sherab, Tibetan Buddhist monk (d. 1109)
• Raynald I, French nobleman and abbot (d. 1090)
• Robert of Burgundy, bishop of Langres (d. 1111)

Deaths

• January 21 – Michael I Cerularius, Byzantine patriarch
• April 4 – Farrukh-Zad, Ghaznavid sultan (b. 1025)
• June 29 – Bernard II, German nobleman
• July 7 – Abdallah ibn Yasin, Almoravid ruler
• August 14 – Giselbert, count of Luxembourg
• Cathal mac Tigernán, Irish king of Iar Connacht
• Eilika of Schweinfurt, German noblewoman (after December 10)
• Michael VI Bringas, Byzantine emperor
• Peter Orseolo ("the Venetian"), king of Hungary (possible date)
• Vyacheslav Yaroslavich, prince of Smolensk

References

1. John Julius Norwich (1991). Byzantium: The Apogee – The choice of a Successor, p. 336. ISBN   0-394-53779-3.
2. Fine, John V. A. Jr. (1991) [1983]. The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. p. 279. ISBN   0-472-08149-7.
3. The Normans in Europe, Ed. & Trans. Elisabeth van Houts (Manchester & New York: Manchester University Press, 2000), pp. 236–37.
4. Brian Todd Carey (2012). Road to Manzikert: Byzantine and Islamic Warfare (527–1071), p. 127. ISBN   978-1-84884-215-1.