1070s

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The 1070s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1070, and ended on December 31, 1079.

Contents

Events

1070

This section is transcluded from 1070. (edit | history)

1071

This section is transcluded from 1071. (edit | history)

By place

Byzantine Empire
  • August 26 – Battle of Manzikert: The Byzantine army (35,000 men) under Emperor Romanos IV meets the Seljuk Turk forces of Sultan Alp Arslan, near the town of Manzikert. Although the armies are initially evenly matched, as the Byzantines advance, the Seljuk Turks withdraw before them, launching hit-and-run attacks on the Byzantine flanks. While attempting to withdraw, the Byzantine army falls apart, either through treachery or confusion; the battle ends in a decisive defeat for the Byzantine Empire. Romanos is captured (later released by Alp Arslan within a week), and much of the elite Varangian Guard is destroyed (this will prove catastrophic for the Byzantine Empire).
  • October 24 – Romanos IV is deposed by Caesar John Doukas and his political advisor Michael Psellos (after his return in Constantinople). Michael VII (Doukas) is crowned co-emperor – and his mother Eudokia is forced to retire to a monastery.
Europe
England
  • The English rebels under Hereward (the Wake) and Morcar, Saxon former earl of Northumbria, are forced to retreat to their stronghold on the Isle of Ely. They make a desperate stand against the Norman forces led by King William I (the Conqueror), but are defeated.
  • Edwin, earl of Mercia, rebels against William I, but is betrayed and killed. His castle and lands at Dudley (located in the West Midlands) are given to William's Norman subjects.
Africa

1072

This section is transcluded from 1072. (edit | history)

By place

Byzantine Empire
Europe
England
Seljuk Empire
China
  • Shen Kuo, Chinese polymathic scientist and statesman, is appointed as the head official for the Bureau of Astronomy – where he begins his work with the colleague Wei Pu on accurately plotting the orbital paths of the stars, planets, and moon three times a night, for a continuum of five years.
  • Fall – Shen Kuo is sent to supervise Wang Anshi's program of surveying the building of silt deposits in the Bian Canal, outside the capital city of Kaifeng. Using an original technique, Shen successfully dredges the canal and demonstrates the formidable value of the silt gathered as a fertilizer.

By topic

Literature

1073

This section is transcluded from 1073. (edit | history)

By place

Byzantine Empire
Europe
England
Asia
  • Wang Anshi, Chinese chief chancellor of the Song Dynasty, creates a new bureau of the central government (called the Directorate of Weapons), which supervises the manufacture of military armaments and ensures quality control.
  • June 15 – Emperor Go-Sanjō dies after a 5-year reign and is succeeded by his 19-year-old son Shirakawa as the 72nd emperor of Japan.

By topic

Religion

1074

This section is transcluded from 1074. (edit | history)

By place

Byzantine Empire
Europe
Africa
China
  • Emperor Shen Zong of the Song Dynasty establishes a Marine Office and a Goods Control Bureau north-west of Shanghai, allowing for the loading and unloading of freight.

By topic

Religion

1075

This section is transcluded from 1075. (edit | history)

By place

Africa
Byzantine Empire
  • The future Emperor Alexios Komnenos captures the Norman rebell Roussel de Bailleul in Amaseia. Roussel had established a principality in eastern Anatolia in 1073 after rebelling against Emperor Michael VII Doukas, basing his power on his western mercenaries and local support in exchange for protection against invading Turkmen. [14]
Europe
England
Asia
  • Summer – Shen Kuo, Chinese polymath scientist and statesman, solves a border dispute with the Liao Dynasty by dredging up old diplomatic records. He refutes Emperor Dao Zong's bluffs point for point during a meeting at Mt. Yongan (near modern-day Pingquan), reestablishing the rightful borders of the Song Dynasty.
  • Vietnamese forces under General Lý Thường Kiệt defend Vietnam against a Chinese invasion.
  • The Liao Dynasty version of the Buddhist Tripiṭaka is completed (approximate date).

By topic

Religion
  • February – Pope Gregory VII holds a council in the Lateran Palace at Rome. He publishes a decree against laymen investiture (an act which will later cause the Investiture Controversy).
  • April – The Dictatus papae (a compilation of 27 statements of powers) are include in the registry of Gregory VII, in which he asserts papal authority over earthly as well as spiritual rulers.
  • December 8 – Gregory VII writes a letter of reprimand to Henry IV. He accuses him of breaching his word and continued support of excommunicated councilors.
  • December 25 – Gregory VII is kidnapped in the church during Christmas night in Rome and briefly imprisoned by the Roman nobleman Cencio I Frangipane.

1076

This section is transcluded from 1076. (edit | history)

By place

Europe
England
Africa
Asia

By topic

Literature
Religion
  • Demetrius Zvonimir donates the Benedictine monastery of St. Gregory in Vrana to Gregory VII.

1077

This section is transcluded from 1077. (edit | history)

By place

Byzantine Empire
Europe
England
Seljuk Empire
Africa

By topic

Arts
Religion

1078

This section is transcluded from 1078. (edit | history)

By place

Byzantine Empire
Europe
England
Africa
China

Australia

  • At this point, Australia was not yet a country by the standard definition of a country. To become a country, a country must be countried by countries of another country that are not said country.

By topic

Religion

1079

This section is transcluded from 1079. (edit | history)

By place

Europe
England
Seljuk Empire

By topic

Astronomy
  • Omar Khayyam, Persian mathematician and astronomer, Khayyam calculates a 33 year calendar consisted of 25 ordinary years that include 365 days, and 8 leap years that include 366 days, the most accurate calculation of his time. Khayyam, in his Treatise on Demonstrations of Problems in Algebra, produces a complete classification of cubic equations and their geometric solutions (approximate date).
Religion

Significant people

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1073 Calendar year

Year 1073 (MLXXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.

1074 Calendar year

Year 1074 (MLXXIV) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.

1075 Calendar year

Year 1075 (MLXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar.

1077 Calendar year

Year 1077 (MLXXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.

1081 Calendar year

Year 1081 (MLXXXI) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.

1085 Calendar year

Year 1085 (MLXXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.

The 1020s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1020, and ended on December 31, 1029.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Palmer, Alan; Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 53–55. ISBN   0-7126-5616-2.
  2. ↑ "British History Timeline, Norman Britain, BBC" . Retrieved 2007-12-23.
  3. ↑ Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History . London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp.  112–113. ISBN   0-304-35730-8.
  4. ↑ William of Malmesbury.
  5. ↑ "The History of Canterbury Cathedral". Archived from the original on October 27, 2007. Retrieved December 23, 2007.
  6. ↑ Adam of Bremen. Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum .
  7. ↑ Kleinhenz, Christopher (2010). Medieval Italy: an encyclopedia. New York: Routledge. p. 95. ISBN   978-0-415-93930-0.
  8. ↑ John Julius Norwich (1991). Byzantium: The Apogee – The Disaster, p. 357. ISBN   0-39453779-3.
  9. ↑ Brian Todd Carey (2012). Road to Manzikert: Byzantine and Islamic Warfare (527–1071), p. 155. ISBN   978-1-84884-215-1.
  10. ↑ Fletcher, R. A. (1987). "Reconquest and Crusade in Spain c. 1050-1150". Transactions of the Royal Historical Society. 5. 37: 31–47 [35]. JSTOR   3679149.
  11. ↑ Canellas, Angel (1951). "Las Cruzadas de Aragon en el Siglo XI". Argensola: Revista de Ciencias Sociales del Instituto de Estudios Altoaragoneses. 7. ISSN   0518-4088. Archived from the original on July 15, 2014. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
  12. ↑ Brian Todd Carey (2012). Road to Manzikert: Byzantine and Islamic Warfare (527–1071), p. 155. ISBN   978-1-84884-215-1.
  13. ↑ David Nicolle (2003). The First Crusade 1096–99: Conquest of the Holy Land, p. 12. ISBN   978-1-84176-515-0.
  14. ↑ Alexander Daniel Beihammer (2017). Byzantium and the Emergence of Muslim-Turkish Anatolia, Ca. 1040-1130, p. 210-212.
  15. ↑ Stratton, J.M. (1969). Agricultural Records. John Baker. ISBN   0-212-97022-4.
  16. ↑ Minguez Fernández, José María (2009). Alfonso VI/Gregorio VII. Soberanía imperial frente a soberanía papal, pp. 30–33. ISSN 1575-801X.
  17. ↑ Canellas, Angel (1951). "Las Cruzadas de Aragon en el Siglo XI". Argensola: Revista de Ciencias Sociales del Instituto de Estudios Altoaragoneses. 7. ISSN   0518-4088. Archived from the original on July 15, 2014. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
  18. ↑ "Fires, Great", in The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance, p. 25. Cornelius Walford, ed. (C. and E. Layton, 1876).
  19. ↑ Claude Cahen (1968). Pre-Ottoman Turkey: a general survey of the material and spiritual culture and history c. 1070–1330. Trans. J. Jones-Williams, pp. 73–74 (New York: Taplinger).
  20. ↑ Grape, Wolfgang (1994). The Bayeux tapestry: monument to a Norman triumph. Prestel. ISBN   978-3-7913-1365-8 . Retrieved 2012-05-03.
  21. ↑ Cowdrey, H. E. J. (1998). Pope Gregory VII, 1073–1085, p. 279. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  22. ↑ John Julius Norwich (1991). Byzantium: The Apogee, p. 361. ISBN   0-394-53779-3.
  23. ↑ Martin, Janet (1993). Medieval Russia, 980–1584, pp. 33–35. Cambridge University Press. ISBN   978-0-521-67636-6.
  24. ↑ Dehsen, Christian D. Von; Harris, Scott L. (1999). Philosophers and Religious Leaders. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 10. ISBN   9781573561525.
  25. ↑ Richard Brzezinski (1998). History of Poland: The successors of Bolesław the Brave, p. 19. ISBN   83-7212-019-6.
  26. ↑ "Take a stroll through a piece of old England" . The Independent. December 12, 2004. Archived from the original on May 1, 2022. Retrieved 28 July 2018.
  27. ↑ Brian Todd Carey (2012). Road to Manzikert: Byzantine and Islamic Warfare (527–1071), p. 159. ISBN   978-1-84884-215-1.
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