This is a timeline of the Northern Yuan dynasty.
Year | Date | Event |
---|---|---|
1368 | The Yuan dynasty retreats to Karakorum [1] | |
1380 | Ming dynasty sacks Karakorum [1] | |
1381 | December | Ming conquest of Yunnan : Ming forces take Qujing [2] |
1382 | April | Ming conquest of Yunnan : Ming forces conquer Yunnan [3] |
1387 | October | Ming campaign against the Uriankhai : Naghachu surrenders to Ming forces [4] |
1388 | May | Battle of Buir Lake : Ming forces defeat Uskhal Khan Tögüs Temür [5] |
November | Jorightu Khan Yesüder defeats Uskhal Khan and became the Khagan of Forty-four tumun Mongols [6] | |
1399 | The Four Oirats break away from Mongol Khagan [7] |
Year | Date | Event |
---|---|---|
1408 | Öljei Temür Khan defeats Örüg Temür Khan and becomes ruler of Mongols [7] | |
1409 | 23 September | Battle of Kherlen : Ming forces are defeated by Öljei Temür Khan [8] |
1410 | 15 June | First Mongol Campaign : The Yongle Emperor defeats Öljei Temür Khan on the banks of the Onon River [8] |
July | First Mongol Campaign : Ming forces defeat Arughtai east of the Greater Khingan and withdraw to Nanjing [8] | |
1414 | April | Second Mongol Campaign : Ming forces engage Oirats at the Tuul River, suffering heavy casualties, but ultimately prevail through the use of heavy cannon bombardments [9] |
1422 | April | Third Mongol Campaign : Ming forces are dispatched against Arughtai but fail to engage him in combat and return to Beijing [9] |
1423 | August | Fourth Mongol Campaign : The Yongle Emperor launches an offensive against Arughtai only to find out he had already been defeated by the Oirats [10] |
1424 | April | Fifth Mongol Campaign : The Yongle Emperor leads an expedition against the remnants of Arughtai's horde but fails to find them [10] |
1428 | October | Uriankhai raid Ming borders and the Xuande Emperor personally leads troops to repel them [11] |
1433 | The Oirats install Taisun Khan as leader of the Eastern Mongols [7] | |
1449 | July | Tumu Crisis : Esen Taishi of the Oirats and de facto ruler of the Northern Yuan launches an invasion of the Ming dynasty [12] |
4 August | Tumu Crisis : The Zhengtong Emperor departs from Beijing to personally confront Esen Taishi [13] | |
30 August | Tumu Crisis : The Ming rearguard is defeated [14] | |
1 September | Tumu Crisis : The Ming army is annihilated and the Zhengtong Emperor is captured by Esen Taishi [15] | |
27 October | Esen Taishi lays siege to Beijing but fails to take it and withdraws after 5 days [16] | |
1451 | Esen Taishi declares himself Yuan Emperor, which causes widespread dissent among his followers [7] | |
1454 | Esen Taishi is killed and the Northern Yuan is once more split into two portions between the Oirats and Eastern Mongols [17] | |
1479 | Dayan Khan becomes ruler of Northern Yuan [17] | |
1483 | Dayan Khan defeats Ismayil Taishi [17] |
Year | Date | Event |
---|---|---|
1504 | Datong is raided by Mongols [18] | |
1510 | Dayan Khan conquers the Ordos Loop [19] | |
1517 | 16 October | Dayan Khan raids the Ming dynasty [20] |
20 October | The Zhengde Emperor repels Dayan Khan's raiding party [21] | |
1531 | Datong comes under raid by Mongols [22] | |
1536 | Mongols raid Shanxi but are repelled [23] | |
1537 | Mongols raid Datong [23] | |
1541 | October | Altan Khan raids Shaanxi [24] |
1542 | July | Altan Khan raids Shaanxi [24] |
4 August | Ming forces are defeated by Altan Khan at Guangwu [24] | |
8 August | Altan Khan pillages the suburbs of Taiyuan [24] | |
1548 | June | Mongols defeat Ming forces at Xuanfu [25] |
October | Mongols raid Huailai [25] | |
1549 | March | Altan Khan defeats Ming forces at Xuanfu but suffers heavy casualties [25] |
1550 | 1 October | Altan Khan pillages the suburbs of Beijing [25] |
6 October | Ming forces are defeated by Mongols [26] | |
1552 | April | Ming forces are defeated by Mongols north of Datong [27] |
1557 | Daraisung Guden Khan is succeeded by his son, Tümen Zasagt Khan [28] | |
winter | Sengge, son of Altan Khan, lays siege to a garrison near Datong [29] | |
1566 | Altan Khan captures some lamas in a raid [30] | |
1576 | Buddhism becomes the state religion of Northern Yuan [31] | |
1577 | Altan Khan names Sonam Gyatso the Dalai Lama, the first living person to take the title [31] | |
1590 | The Uriankhai and Yunshebu Tümen disperse, breaking into smaller units called ulus (nations) [32] | |
1598 | Mongols kill Li Rusong, the Ming commander-in-chief [33] |
Year | Date | Event |
---|---|---|
1619 | Chahar-Jurchen War : Ligdan Khan attacks Guangning, a horse trading town under the protection of Nurhaci, but is defeated [34] | |
1625 | Chahar-Jurchen War : Ligdan Khan's attack is turned back by a combined Khorchin Jurchen force [35] | |
1634 | Chahar-Jurchen War : Ligdan Khan is overthrown and displaced by Hong Taiji [36] | |
1636 | Mongols south of the Gobi Desert submit to the Qing dynasty [37] | |
1691 | The Khalkha Mongols submit to the Qing dynasty after being invaded by the Dzungar Khanate [38] | |
1696 | Dzungar–Qing Wars : The Qing dynasty takes all of Mongolia from the Dzungar Khanate [38] |