This is a timeline of the Northern and Southern dynasties in China.
This is a timeline of the Northern and Southern dynasties in China.
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 386 | Northern Wei : Tuoba Gui revives the Tuoba state [1] | |
| Later Qin : Yao Chang declares himself emperor [1] | ||
| 387 | Later Liang : Lü Guang declares himself Duke of Jiuquan [1] |
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 393 | Wei : Conquered by Later Yan [2] | |
| 394 | Later Qin : Conquers Former Qin [1] | |
| Later Yan : Conquers Western Yan [1] | ||
| 395 | Northern Wei : Tuoba Gui defeats Later Yan at Canhepi (east-northeast of Liangcheng, Inner Mongolia) [1] | |
| 396 | Northern Wei : Tuoba Gui takes Bingzhou from Later Yan [1] | |
| Emperor Xiaowu of Jin dies and is succeeded by Sima Dezong (Emperor An of Jin) [1] | ||
| 397 | Southern Liang : Tufa Wugu declares himself Prince of Xiping [1] | |
| Northern Liang : Duan Ye declares himself Duke of Jiankang in Zhangye [1] | ||
| 398 | Northern Wei : Tuoba Gui moves his capital to Pingcheng [1] | |
| 399 | Northern Wei : Tuoba Gui declares himself emperor [1] | |
| Sun En revolts [1] | ||
| Faxian leaves for India [1] |
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 400 | Western Liang (Sixteen Kingdoms) : Li Gao declares himself Duke of Liang in Dunhuang [1] | |
| Western Qin : Submits to Southern Liang and then Later Qin [3] | ||
| Southern Yan : Murong De declares himself emperor in Guanggu [4] | ||
| 401 | Northern Liang : Juqu Mengxun kills Duan Ye and declares himself Duke of Zhangye [4] | |
| 402 | Huan Xuan sacks Jiankang and Sun En dies, but his lieutenant Lu Xun takes over [4] | |
| 403 | Later Liang : Surrenders to Later Qin [4] | |
| 404 | Huan Xuan declares himself emperor and dies the same year [4] | |
| 405 | Qiao Zong declares himself Prince of Chengdu [4] | |
| 407 | Xia : Helian Bobo declares himself Heavenly King [4] | |
| Northern Yan : Gao Yun is set up as heavenly king and replaces Later Yan [4] | ||
| 409 | Western Qin : Revived [3] |
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 410 | Liu Yu conquers Southern Yan [4] | |
| 411 | Rebel Lu Xun dies [4] | |
| 412 | Faxian returns from India [4] | |
| 413 | Jin recovers Sichuan and Qiao Zong commits suicide [4] | |
| 414 | Western Qin : Conquers Southern Liang [4] | |
| 416 | Jin takes Luoyang from Later Qin [4] | |
| Huiyuan dies [4] | ||
| 417 | Jin conquers Later Qin and Liu Yu takes Chang'an [4] | |
| 418 | Jin troops retreat from Chang'an [4] | |
| Xia (Sixteen Kingdoms) : Helian Bobo takes Chang'an [4] | ||
| 419 | Xia (Sixteen Kingdoms) : Helian Bobo leaves Chang'an [4] |
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 420 | Liu Yu (Emperor Wu of Liu Song) replaces the Jin dynasty with the Song dynasty [5] | |
| 421 | Northern Liang : Juqu Mengxun conquers Western Liang (Sixteen Kingdoms) [6] | |
| 422 | Emperor Wu of Liu Song dies and is succeeded by Liu Yifu, Emperor Shao of Liu Song [5] | |
| 423 | Kou Qianzhi sets up the Celestial Master at Pingcheng [5] | |
| 424 | Emperor Shao of Liu Song is deposed and succeeded by Liu Yilong (Emperor Wen of Liu Song) [5] | |
| 426 | Northern Wei : Attacks Xia [5] | |
| 427 | Northern Wei : Takes Chang'an and sacks the Xia capital, Tongwan [5] | |
| 428 | Xia : Retakes Chang'an [5] |
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 430 | Northern Wei : Takes Luoyang from Liu Song | |
| Western Qin : Abandons Yuanchuan and Fuhan to the Tuyuhun and relocates to Pingliang and Anding [5] | ||
| 431 | Xia : Conquers Western Qin and are in turn conquered by the Tuyuhun [5] | |
| 433 | Xie Lingyun is killed [5] | |
| 434 | Northern Wei : Enters a marriage alliance with the Rouran [5] | |
| Song retakes Hanzhong from Chouchi [5] | ||
| 435 | Northern Wei : Attacks Northern Yan [5] | |
| 436 | Northern Wei : Conquers Northern Yan, whose sovereign Feng Hong flees to Goguryeo [5] | |
| 439 | Northern Wei : Conquers Northern Liang; so ends the Sixteen Kingdoms [5] |
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 442 | Northern Wei : Tuoba Tao takes part in a Daoist ritual to receive talisman registers [7] | |
| 445 | Northern Wei : Ge Wu rebels in Guanzhong [7] | |
| 446 | Northern Wei : Ge Wu dies [7] | |
| Northern Wei : Cui Hao instigates proscription campaigns against Buddhism [7] | ||
| 449 | Northern Wei : Defeats the Rouran in battle [7] |
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 450 | Northern Wei : Cui Hao is killed [7] | |
| Liu Song launches a campaign against Northern Wei [7] | ||
| 451 | Northern Wei : Tuoba Tao leads his army south to Guabu (southeast of Luhe, Jiangsu) [7] | |
| Pei Songzhi dies [7] | ||
| 453 | Emperor Wen of Liu Song is killed by Liu Shao, who is killed Liu Jun (Emperor Xiaowu of Liu Song) [7] | |
| Northern Wei : Construction of the Yungang Caves begin [7] | ||
| 458 | Liu Song launches a campaign against Buddhism [7] |
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 464 | Emperor Xiaowu of Liu Song dies and is succeeded by Liu Ziye (Emperor Qianfei of Liu Song) [7] | |
| 465 | Northern Wei : Emperor Wencheng of Northern Wei dies and is succeeded by Tuaba Hong (Emperor Xianwen of Northern Wei) [7] | |
| Emperor Qianfei of Liu Song dies [7] | ||
| 466 | Liu Yu (Emperor Ming of Liu Song) takes power [7] | |
| Bao Zhao is killed [7] | ||
| 467 | Northern Wei : Conquers territory north and west of the Huai River [7] | |
| 469 | Northern Wei : Takes Qingzhou and Jizhou (冀州) (north Jiangsu) [7] |
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 471 | Northern Wei : Emperor Xianwen of Northern Wei abdicates in favor of Yuan Hong (Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei) [7] | |
| 472 | Emperor Ming of Liu Song dies and is succeeded by Liu Yu (Emperor Houfei of Liu Song) [8] | |
| 477 | Emperor Houfei of Liu Song is killed by Xiao Daocheng and is succeeded by Liu Zhun (Emperor Shun of Liu Song) [8] | |
| 479 | Xiao Daocheng (Emperor Gao of Southern Qi) replaces Liu Song with the Southern Qi [8] |
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 482 | Emperor Gao of Southern Qi dies and is succeeded by Xiao Ze (Emperor Wu of Southern Qi) [8] | |
| 485 | Northern Wei : The equal-field system is implemented [8] | |
| 486 | Northern Wei : The Three Chiefs system is implemented [8] |
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 493 | Emperor Wu of Southern Qi dies and is succeeded by Xiao Zhaoye [8] | |
| Northern Wei : Li Chong starts constructions in Luoyang [8] | ||
| 494 | Northern Wei : Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei moves to Luoyang [8] | |
| Northern Wei : Construction on the Longmen Caves begin [8] | ||
| 495 | Northern Wei : Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei bans Xianbei language in court [8] | |
| 498 | Emperor Ming of Southern Qi dies and is succeeded by Xiao Baojuan [8] | |
| 499 | Northern Wei : Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei dies and is succeeded by Yuan Ke (Emperor Xuanwu of Northern Wei) [8] |
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 500 | Northern Wei : Conquers territory south of the Huai River [8] | |
| 501 | Emperor He of Southern Qi is enthroned in Jiangling as a rival to Xiao Baojuan [8] | |
| 502 | Xiao Baojuan is killed in Jiankang and Xiao Yan kills Emperor He of Southern Qi, founding his own Liang dynasty [8] | |
| 504 | Northern Wei : Conquers Yiyang [8] | |
| 506 | Northern Wei : Annexes Chouchi [9] | |
| 507 | Northern Wei : Is defeated by Liang dynasty at Zhongli (northeast of Fengyang, Anhui) [8] |
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 512 | Northern Wei : Loses Qushan (southwest of Lianyungang, Jiangsu) to Liang dynasty [10] | |
| 518 | Northern Wei : Song Yun departs for the Western Regions [10] |
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 520 | Northern Wei : Yujiulü Anagui takes shelter [10] | |
| 522 | Northern Wei : Song Yun returns from India with 170 Buddhist sutras [10] | |
| 523 | Northern Wei : The Six Frontier Towns rebel under Poliuhan Baling [10] | |
| 525 | Northern Wei : Yujiulü Anagui defeats Poliuhan Baling [10] | |
| Northern Wei : Du Luozhou rebels in north Hebei [10] | ||
| 526 | Northern Wei : Ge Rong rebels in north Hebei [10] | |
| 527 | Northern Wei : Xiao Baoyin rebels in Guanzhong and kills Li Daoyuan [10] | |
| 528 | Northern Wei : Erzhu Rong kills Yuan Zhao and enthrones Yuan Ziyou (Emperor Xiaozhuang of Northern Wei) [10] | |
| Northern Wei : Ge Rong is defeated [10] | ||
| 529 | Emperor Wu of Liang enters the Tongtai Monastery [10] |
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 530 | Northern Wei : Emperor Xiaozhuang of Northern Wei kills Erzhu Rong but is killed by Erzhu Zhao [10] | |
| 532 | Northern Wei : Gao Huan enthrones Yuan Xiu (Emperor Xiaowu of Northern Wei) [10] | |
| 533 | Northern Wei : Erzhu Zhao kills himself [10] | |
| 534 | Northern Wei : Emperor Xiaowu of Northern Wei escapes to Chang'an [10] | |
| Eastern Wei : Gao Huan sets up Yuan Shanjian as Emperor Xiaojing of Eastern Wei [10] | ||
| 535 | Western Wei : Yuwen Tai kills Emperor Xiaowu of Northern Wei and enthrones Yuan Baoju (Emperor Wen of Western Wei) [11] | |
| 536 | Tao Hongjing dies [11] | |
| Eastern Wei : Chan Buddhism founder Bodhidharma dies [11] | ||
| 537 | Battle of Shayuan : Yuwen Tai defeats Gao Huan [11] |
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 541 | Lý Bôn rebels and attacks Liang officials [12] | |
| 543 | Eastern Wei : Gao Huan defeats Yuwen Tai at Luoyang [11] | |
| 544 | Lý Bôn establishes the Early Lý dynasty and becomes Lý Nam Đế (Southern Emperor) [12] | |
| 545 | Chen Baxian drives Lý Nam Đế into the mountains, where he is eventually killed, but resistance continues under Lý Thiên Bảo [12] | |
| 547 | Eastern Wei : Gao Huan dies and Hou Jing defects to Liang dynasty [11] | |
| 548 | Hou Jing rebels in Shouyang and lays siege to Jiankang [11] | |
| 549 | Hou Jing seizes Taicheng [11] | |
| Emperor Wu of Liang dies and is succeeded by Xiao Gang (Emperor Jianwen of Liang) [11] | ||
| Xiao Cha defects to Western Wei [11] | ||
| Eastern Wei : Conquers area south of the Huai River [11] |
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 550 | Western Wei : Conquers area east of the Han River (Hubei) [11] | |
| Northern Qi : Gao Yang (Emperor Wenxuan of Northern Qi) replaces Eastern Wei with Northern Qi and conquers areas east of Luoyang [11] | ||
| The fubing system is introduced [11] | ||
| 551 | Hou Jing kills Emperor Jianwen of Liang and declares himself emperor [11] | |
| 552 | Wang Sengbian and Chen Baxian take Jiankang [13] | |
| Hou Jing is killed [13] | ||
| Xiao Ji declares himself emperor in Jiangling [13] | ||
| 553 | Xiao Ji is killed by Emperor Yuan of Liang's generals [13] | |
| Western Wei : Conquers Sichuan [13] | ||
| Northern Qi : Rouran submit after behind being defeated by Turks [13] | ||
| 554 | Emperor Yuan of Liang is captured by Western Wei and killed [13] | |
| 555 | Western Liang : Xiao Cha declares himself emperor in Jiangling [13] | |
| Wang Sengbian sets up Xiao Yuanming but Chen Baxian kills Sengbian and sets up Xiao Fangzhi (Emperor Jing of Liang) [13] | ||
| 556 | Northern Qi : Attack on Jiankang fails [13] | |
| Western Wei : Yuwen Tai dies [13] | ||
| 557 | Northern Zhou : Yuwen Hu replaces Western Wei with Northern Zhou [13] | |
| Chen Baxian replaces the Liang dynasty with the Chen dynasty [13] | ||
| 558 | Western Liang : Takes Changsha and Wuling [13] | |
| 559 | Chen Baxian dies and is succeeded by Chen Qian (Emperor Wen of Chen) [13] |
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 560 | Northern Zhou : Yuwen Hu kills Emperor Ming of Northern Zhou and sets up Yuwen Yong (Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou) [13] | |
| Northern Qi : Gao Yan (Emperor Xiaozhao of Northern Qi) ousts Emperor Fei of Northern Qi and sets himself up as emperor [13] | ||
| 561 | Northern Zhou : North Hubei is lost to the Chen dynasty [13] | |
| Northern Qi : Emperor Xiaozhao of Northern Qi dies and is succeeded by Gao Zhan (Emperor Wucheng of Northern Qi) [13] | ||
| 565 | Northern Qi : An attack by Northern Zhou is repulsed [14] | |
| Northern Qi : Emperor Wucheng of Northern Qi abdicates to Gao Wei [14] | ||
| 566 | Emperor Wen of Chen dies and is succeeded by Chen Bozong (Emperor Fei of Chen) [14] | |
| 568 | Emperor Fei of Chen is deposed [14] | |
| 569 | Chen Xu (Emperor Xuan of Chen) takes power [14] |
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 570 | Chen dynasty establishes trade relations with the Early Lý dynasty [12] | |
| 572 | Northern Zhou : Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou kills Yuwen Hu [14] | |
| 573 | Northern Qi : Loses areas north of the Changjiang to the Chen dynasty, including the Huai River valley [14] | |
| 574 | Northern Zhou : Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou launches proscription against Buddhism [14] | |
| 575 | Northern Qi : Forces are defeated by Chen dynasty at Lüliang [14] | |
| Northern Zhou : Attacks Northern Qi [14] | ||
| 576 | Northern Zhou : Takes Jinyang [14] | |
| 577 | Northern Zhou : Annexes Northern Qi [14] | |
| 578 | Northern Zhou : Repulses a Chen attack on Pengcheng and captures Wu Mingche [14] | |
| Northern Zhou : Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou dies and is succeeded by Yuwen Yun (Emperor Xuan of Northern Zhou) [14] | ||
| 579 | Northern Zhou : Emperor Xuan of Northern Zhou abdicates to Yuwen Chan (Emperor Jing of Northern Zhou) [14] |
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 580 | Northern Zhou : Seizes area north of the Changjiang [14] | |
| Northern Zhou : Yang Jian becomes de facto holder of power [14] | ||
| Northern Zhou : Yuchi Jiong and Wang Qian rebel but fail [14] | ||
| 581 | Sui dynasty : Yang Jian (Emperor Wen of Sui) replaces the Northern Zhou with the Sui dynasty [15] | |
| 582 | Emperor Xuan of Chen dies and is succeeded by Chen Shubao [15] | |
| 583 | Sui dynasty : Emperor Wen of Sui moves into Daxingcheng (Xi'an, Shaanxi) and abolishes the commanderies while promulgating the Kaihuang Code [15] | |
| 584 | Sui dynasty : Digs the Guangtong Canal [14] | |
| 587 | Sui dynasty : Annexes Western Liang [15] | |
| 588 | Sui dynasty : Launches expedition against the Chen dynasty [15] | |
| 589 | Sui dynasty : Takes Jiankang and annexes the Chen dynasty; so ends the Northern and Southern dynasties [15] |
Year 385 (CCCLXXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Augustus and Bauto. The denomination 385 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
The Rouran Khaganate, also Juan-Juan Khaganate, was a tribal confederation and later state founded by a people of Proto-Mongolic Donghu origin. The Rouran supreme rulers used the title of "khagan", a popular title borrowed from the Xianbei. The Rouran Khaganate lasted from the late 4th century until the middle 6th century, when they were defeated by a Göktürk rebellion which subsequently led to the rise of the Turks in world history.
The War of the Eight Princes, Rebellion of the Eight Kings, or Rebellion of the Eight Princes was a series of civil wars among kings/princes of the Chinese Jin dynasty from 291 to 306 AD. The key point of contention in these conflicts was the regency over the developmentally disabled Emperor Hui of Jin. The name of the conflict is derived from the biographies of the eight princes collected in Chapter 59 of the Book of Jin (Jinshu).
This is a timeline of the Three Kingdoms period (220–280) of Chinese history. In a strict academic sense, the Three Kingdoms period refers to the interval between the founding of the state of Cao Wei (220–266) in 220 and the conquest of the state of Eastern Wu (229–280) by the Western Jin dynasty (265–316) in 280. However, many Chinese historians and laymen extend the starting point of this period back to the Yellow Turban Rebellion that took place in 184 during the late Eastern Han Dynasty (25–220).
Dai County, also known by its Chinese name Daixian, is a county in Xinzhou, Shanxi Province, China. Its county seat at Shangguan is also known as Daixian. The county has an area of 1,729 km2 (668 sq mi) and had a population of 178,870 at the time of the 2020 census. The county is the home of the AAAAA-rated Yanmen Pass Scenic Area along the Great Wall, as well as the Bianjing Drum Tower, the Ayuwang Pagoda, and the Zhao Gao Forest Park.
Dai Prefecture, also known by its Chinese name Daizhou, was a prefecture (zhou) of imperial China in what is now northern Shanxi. It existed intermittently from AD 585 to 1912. Its eponymous seat Daizhou was located at Shangguan in Dai County. The territory it administered included all or part of what are now the counties of Dai, Wutai, Fanshi, and Yuanping in Shanxi's Xinzhou Prefecture.
Jin Prefecture, also known by its Chinese name Jinzhou, was a prefecture of imperial China. Its seat—also known as Jinzhou—was at Xicheng.
Jin Prefecture, also known by its Chinese name Jinzhou, was a prefecture of imperial China. Its seat—also known as Jinzhou—was at Pingyang.
This is a timeline of the Tang dynasty, which covers a period of roughly 289 years, from 618, when the dynasty was founded, to 907, when the last Tang emperor was deposed by the warlord Zhu Wen, who established the Later Liang dynasty, inaugurating the period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. Information on areas and events relevant to the Tang dynasty such as the Wu interregnum, when Wu Zetian established her own Zhou dynasty, and other realms such as the Sui dynasty, Tibetan Empire, Three Kingdoms of Korea, Nanzhao, Japan and steppe nomads are also included where necessary.
This is a timeline of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms (907–979), which followed the collapse of the Tang dynasty in 907 AD. The Five Dynasties refer to the succession of dynasties which ruled northern China following the Tang collapse while the Ten Kingdoms, with the exception of Northern Han, ruled in southern China. This era of division ended in 979 AD with the rise of the Song dynasty under Emperor Taizu of Song, although the Song would never reconquer the northern territory lost to the Khitans, collectively known as the Sixteen Prefectures.
Yanmen Commandery was an administrative subdivision (jùn) of the state of Zhao established c. 300 BC and of northern imperial Chinese dynasties until AD 758. It occupied lands in what is now Shanxi and Inner Mongolia. Its first seat was at Shanwu ; its later seats moved southeast to the more defensible sites at Yinguan and Guangwu.
Dai Commandery was a commandery (jùn) of the state of Zhao established c. 300 BC and of northern imperial Chinese dynasties until the time of the Emperor Wen of the Sui dynasty. It occupied lands in what is now Hebei, Shanxi, and Inner Mongolia. Its seat was usually at Dai or Daixian, although it was moved to Gaoliu during the Eastern Han.
This is a timeline of the Jin dynasty (266–420) and the Sixteen Kingdoms (304–439).
This is a timeline of the Sui dynasty.
This is a timeline of the Han dynasty.
This is a timeline of Vietnamese history under Chinese rule from the 3rd century BC to 905.
This is a timeline of the Xiongnu, a nomadic people that dominated the ancient eastern Eurasian steppes from 209 BC to 89 AD. The Xiongnu settled down in northern China during the late 3rd century AD following the Three Kingdoms period, and founded several states lasting until the Northern Liang was conquered by the Xianbei Northern Wei in 439 AD.
The military history of the Jin dynasty and the Sixteen Kingdoms encompasses the period of Chinese military activities from 266 AD to 420 AD. The Jin dynasty is usually divided into the Western Jin and Eastern Jin in Chinese historiography. Western Jin lasted from its usurpation of Cao Wei in 266 to 316 when the Uprising of the Five Barbarians split the empire and created a number of barbarian states in the north. The Jin court relocated to Jiankang, starting the era of Eastern Jin, which ended in 420 when it was usurped by Liu Yu, who founded the Liu Song dynasty.
The military history of the Northern and Southern dynasties encompasses the period of Chinese military activity from 420 to 589. Officially starting with Liu Yu's usurpation of the Jin throne and creation of his Liu Song dynasty in 420, it ended in 589 with the Sui dynasty's conquest of Chen dynasty and reunification of China proper. The first of the Northern dynasties did not however begin in 420, but in 386 with the creation of Northern Wei. Thus there is some unofficial overlap with the era of the Sixteen Kingdoms.
This is a timeline of the Lý dynasty, which ruled Đại Cồ Việt (1009–1054), and then the renamed Đại Việt (1054–1226).