Tisamenus armadillo

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Tisamenus armadillo
Tisamenus armadillo ex Redtenbacher.JPG
Tisamenus armadillo, drawing of a female from Redtenbacher's original description in 1906
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Phasmatodea
Family: Heteropterygidae
Subfamily: Obriminae
Tribe: Obrimini
Genus: Tisamenus
Species:
T. armadillo
Binomial name
Tisamenus armadillo
Synonyms [1]
  • Hoploclonia armadillo(Redtenbacher, 1906)

Tisamenus armadillo is a stick insect species (Phasmatodea) in the family Heteropterygidae, endemic to the Philippines. [1] [2]

Contents

Description

With a length of 48 to 53 millimetres (1.9 to 2.1 in) or 56 millimetres (2.2 in) [3] in females and approx. 33 millimetres (1.3 in) or 37 millimetres (1.5 in) [3] in length in males, the species is considered to be an average-sized representative of the genus Tisamenus . [2] [4] Both sexes show a broad, granular edge (carina) under the eyes, which are connected with three spines at the back of the head. The pronotum of females is granulated behind. The distinctly elevated triangle on the mesonotum typical of the genus is somewhat wider than it is long and reaches almost the middle of the mesonotum. On the lateral edges of the metanotum there is a large, conical spine over the hips. The anterior tergites of the abdomen are equal in width up to and including the fourth. The fifth to seventh segments are narrower behind than in front, while the eighth to tenth are equally wide but narrower than the seventh. The eighth segment is as long as the ninth. The tenth segment is longer and shows a distinct midline carina. The supraanal plate, also known as the epiproct, which forms the upper portion of the ovipositor, is as long as the eighth segment and curves downward from the middle. The lower portion of the ovipositor, the subgenital plate, slightly overhangs the supraanal plate. It is pointed and shows a clear edge, especially in the rear part. The males show basically the same characteristics as the females, but are smaller and not as compact. [2] [4]

The brown eggs are 3.3 millimetres (0.13 in) long, 2.3 millimetres (0.091 in) wide and 2.8 millimetres (0.11 in) high. The micropylar plate forms approximately an isosceles triangle, with the micropyle in the middle of the lower side line. The lid (operculum) is flat and almost circular. [4]

Taxonomy

Josef Redtenbacher described the species in 1906 as Tisamenus armadillo based on a female from the Dresden Museum (today Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde Dresden or State Museum of Zoology Dresden). [2] The chosen species name "armadillo" refers to the resemblance to armadillos. James Abram Garfield Rehn and his son John William Holman Rehn transferred the species to the genus Hoploclonia in 1939, along with all other previously described species of the genus. At the same time, they divided the genus into different groups according to morphological aspects. In the so-called Deplanata group, they placed with Hoploclonia armadillo, Hoploclonia deplanata (today Tisamenus deplanatus ), Hoploclonia cervicornis (today Tisamenus cervicornis ), Hoploclonia spadix (today Tisamenus spadix ), Hoploclonia tagalog (today Tisamenus tagalog ) and Hoploclonia fratercula (today Tisamenus fratercula ), relatively unspined species, with a flat upper surface, which except for the supra coxal spines on the edges of the thorax show almost no spines, but at most small teeth. [5] In 2001, Oliver Zompro established a female from the State Museum of Zoology Dresden as the lectotype. He also describes and depicts for the first time a male and an egg removed from the ovipositor of a female. In addition to these, he mentions another female deposited there. [4] In 2001 Zompro retained the assignment of the species to Hoploclonia, but no longer mentioned it in 2003 and listed the Dresden type material as Tisamenus armadillo. [6] In 2004, he transferred the species to the genus Tisamenus along with the rest of the Philippine species listed in the genus Hoploclonia, leaving only the Borneo species in Hoploclonia. [3]

Distribution area

While Redtenbacher in 1906 only gave the Philippines as the place of discovery, [2] Zompro in 2004 mentioned two specimens from Dresden that he examined, which were collected by W. Schultze in Burgos in the province of Ilocos Norte on the island of Luzon. [6]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Heteropterygidae</span> Family of stick insects

The Heteropterygidae is a family of stick insects belonging to the suborder Euphasmatodea. Species can be found in Australasia, East and Southeast Asia. More than 130 valid species have been described.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Obriminae</span> Family of stick insects

The Obriminae are the most species-rich subfamily of the Phasmatodea family Heteropterygidae native to Southeast Asia. It is divided into two tribe.

<i>Hoploclonia</i> Tribe of stick insects

Hoploclonia is the only genus of the tribe Hoplocloniini and brings together relatively small and darkly coloured Phasmatodea species.

<i>Tisamenus</i> (insect) Genus of stick insects

The genus Tisamenus native to the Philippines combines small to medium-sized species of stick insects.

<i>Aretaon</i> (insect) Genus of stick insects

Aretaon is a genus of stick insects native to Borneo and the Philippine island Palawan.

<i>Eubulides</i> (insect) Genus of stick insects

Eubulides is a stick insect genus native to the Philippines.

Trachyaretaon gatla is a species of Phasmatodea native to the Philippine island Palawan.

<i>Tisamenus serratorius</i> Species of stick insect

Tisamenus serratorius is a stick insect species that occurs on the Philippine island Luzon.

<i>Tisamenus deplanatus</i> Species of stick insect

Tisamenus deplanatus is a stick insect species native to the Philippine islands Luzon and Mindanao occurs.

<i>Tisamenus fratercula</i> Species of stick insect

Tisamenus fratercula is a stick insect species native to the Philippine island Luzon.

<i>Hoploclonia cuspidata</i> Species of stick insect

Hoploclonia cuspidata is a stick insect species native to the north of Borneo and is also called Brunei Hoploclonia stick insect.

<i>Tisamenus clotho</i> Species of stick insect

Tisamenus clotho is a stick insect species native to the Philippines.

<i>Heterocopus</i> Genus of stick insects

Heterocopus is a monotypic stick insect genus, containing Heterocopus leprosus as the only valid species.

<i>Haaniella saussurei</i> Species of stick insect

Haaniella saussurei is a species of stick insect native to Borneo and a typical representative of the subfamily Heteropteryginae. The occasionally used common name Saussure's Haaniella refers to the species name.

Pterobrimus is a monotypic genus of stick insects (Phasmatodea), containing the species Pterobrimus depressus, wich is native to Fiji.

<i>Tisamenus draconina</i> Species of stick insect

Tisamenus draconina is a species of stick insect in the family Heteropterygidae native to the Philippines.

<i>Tisamenus ranarius</i> Species of stick insect

Tisamenus ranarius is a stick insect species (Phasmatodea), in the family of the Heteropterygidae native to the Philippines.

<i>Tisamenus hebardi</i> Species of stick insect

Tisamenus hebardi is a stick insect species (Phasmatodea), in the family of the Heteropterygidae endemic to the north of the Philippine island of Luzon.

<i>Tisamenus hystrix</i> Species of stick insect

Tisamenus hystrix is a stick insect species (Phasmatodea), in the family of the Heteropterygidae endemic to the Philippines.

<i>Tisamenus lachesis</i> Species of stick insect

Tisamenus lachesis is a stick insect species (Phasmatodea), in the family of the Heteropterygidae endemic to the Philippine Polillo Island.

References

  1. 1 2 Brock, P. D.; Büscher, T. H. & Baker, E. W. Phasmida Species File Online. Version 5.0. (access-date 12 May 2023)
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Josef Redtenbacher (1906). Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden. Vol. 1. Phasmidae Areolatae . Verlag Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 44, pl. 1 fig. 8
  3. 1 2 3 Zompro, O. (2004). Revision of the genera of the Areolatae, including the status of Timema and Agathemera (Insecta, Phasmatodea), Goecke & Evers, Keltern-Weiler, pp. 206–207, ISBN 978-3-931374-39-6
  4. 1 2 3 4 Zompro, O. (2001). Philippine phasmids from the collection of the Staatliches Museums für Tierkunde, Dresden (Insecta: Phasmatodea), Reichenbachia, Band 34, 2001, publisher: Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde, Dresden, pp. 49–56
  5. ↑ Rehn, J. A. G. & Rehn, J. W. H. (1939). The Orthoptera of the Philippine Island, Part 1. - Phasmatidae; Obriminae, Proceedings of The Academy of Natural Sciences (Vol. 90, 1938), Philadelphia 1938/39, pp. 461–463
  6. 1 2 Zompro, O. (2003). Catalogue of type-material of the insect order Phasmatodea deposited in the Museum für Tierkunde, Dresden, Germany, Phasmid Studies 11(2) 2003, p. 33, ISSN 0966-0011

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