Tong Guowei | |
---|---|
Deliberative Minister | |
In office 1682–1689 | |
Personal details | |
Born | 1644? [1] |
Died | 1719 |
Children | Longkodo (son), Qingfu (son), Empress Xiaoyiren (daughter), Imperial Noble Consort Quehui (daughter) |
Parent |
|
Relatives | Tong Guogang (brother), Empress Xiaokangzhang (sister) |
Clan name | Tong (佟), later Tunggiya (佟佳) |
Posthumous name | Duanchun (端純) |
Military service | |
Allegiance | Qing dynasty |
Branch/service | Han Chinese Plain Blue Banner (until 1688) Manchu Bordered Yellow Banner (since 1688) |
Battles/wars | Dzungar–Qing Wars |
Tong Guowei | |||||||
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Chinese name | |||||||
Traditional Chinese | 佟國維 | ||||||
Simplified Chinese | 佟国维 | ||||||
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Manchu name | |||||||
Manchu script | ᡨᡠ᠋ᠩ ᡤᡠᠸᡝ ᠸᡝᡳ | ||||||
Romanization | tung guwe wei |
Tong Guowei (died 1719) was a Qing dynasty official. He was a maternal uncle of Kangxi Emperor.
Tong Guowei was the second [2] (or the third [1] ) son of Tulai. According to the Comprehensive history of Eight Banners (欽定八旗通志),The Tong (佟) family from Fushun was a sinicized Jurchen clan,they were incorporated into the Han Chinese Plain Blue Banner [3] . However,Pamela Kyle Crossley stated that they were actually Han Chinese and falsely claimed to be related to the Manchu Tunggiya (佟佳) clan of Jilin,using this false claim to get themselves transferred to a Manchu banner in the reign of the Kangxi Emperor. [4] The Tong family was the most powerful family during the Kangxi period,thus got the nickname "Tong Ban Chao" (佟半朝),which meant "the Tong who fill up half the Court". [4] [5]
In 1674,after the Revolt of the Three Feudatories had begun,Wu Yingxiong,the eldest son of Wu Sangui,plotted a riot in Beijing. Hearing of the plan,Tong Guowei quickly arrested the ringleaders with the aid of thirty guards. He was appointed the commander of the imperial bodyguard (領侍衛內大臣) [6] and Deliberative Ministers in 1682 [2] . In 1689 he was granted the hereditary rank First class Duke (一等公). He fought against Dzungars in the Battle of Ulan Butung,in which his brother Tong Guogang was killed in action. Tong Guowei was held responsible for not taking advantage of the victory to pursue the enemy during the battle,and was dismissed from his post as Deliberative Ministers. [2] He accompanied Kangxi on both of the latter's expeditions against Galdan in 1696 and in 1697. [7]
Tong Guowei died in 1719. He was given the posthumous name Duanchun (端純) and awarded posthumous appointment of Grand Tutor (太傅) by Yongzheng Emperor in 1723. [2]
Tong Guogang and Tong Guowei were said to believe in Christianity,though their political lives prohibited their formal conversions. They maintained close relationships with two Jesuit missionaries,Lodovico Buglio and Gabriel de Magalhães. [8]
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The Kangxi Emperor,also known by his temple name Emperor Shengzu of Qing,personal name Xuanye,was the third emperor of the Qing dynasty,and the second Qing emperor to rule over China proper. His reign of 61 years makes him the longest-reigning emperor in Chinese history and one of the longest-reigning rulers in history. He is considered one of China's greatest emperors.
Dodo,formally known as Prince Yu,was a Manchu prince and military general of the early Qing dynasty.
Suksaha was a Manchu official of the early Qing dynasty from the Nara clan. A military officer who participated in the Manchu conquest of China,Suksaha became one of the Four Regents during the early reign of the Kangxi Emperor in the Qing dynasty (1644–1912). He eventually fell out with another regent,Oboi,and was sentenced to death.
Tunggiya is the name of a Manchu clan.
Longkodo was a Manchu court official who lived in the Qing dynasty. He was from the Tunggiya clan,which was under the Bordered Yellow Banner. His period of fame lasted from the late Kangxi era to the early Yongzheng era,perhaps most famous for delivering the Kangxi Emperor's disputed will.
Empress Xiaokangzhang,of the Manchu Bordered Yellow Banner Tunggiya clan,was the concubine of the Shunzhi Emperor and mother of the Kangxi Emperor during the Qing dynasty. She was honoured as Empress Dowager Cihe during the reign of her son and was posthumously honoured as empress,although she never held the rank during her lifetime.
Empress Xiaoyiren,of the Manchu Bordered Yellow Banner Tunggiya clan,was a posthumous name bestowed to the wife and third empress consort of Xuanye,the Kangxi Emperor. She was empress consort of Qing in 1689.
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Consort Rong of the Manchu Plain Yellow Banner Magiya clan,was a imperial consort of the Kangxi Emperor.
Tong Guogang was a Qing dynasty official. He was a maternal uncle of Kangxi Emperor.