Trochodendron rosayi

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Trochodendron postnastae
Temporal range: Langhian
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Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Trochodendrales
Family: Trochodendraceae
Genus: Trochodendron
Species:
†T. rosayi
Binomial name
†Trochodendron rosayi
Manchester, Pigg, & DeVore, 2018

Trochodendron rosayi is an extinct species of flowering plant in the family Trochodendraceae. The species is known from fossils found in Middle Miocene deposits of central Oregon. T. rosayi are possibly the fruits belonging to the extinct trochodendraceous leaf species Trochodendron postnastae .

Contents

Distribution and paleoenvironment

Trochodendron rosayi fossils are found in the Moose Mountain Flora, formerly called the Cascadia flora or Menagerie Wilderness flora, of Linn County, Oregon. The flora is included in the Little Butte Volcanic series outcropping near the town of Cascadia in the central Oregon Cascades. Work on the flora by paleobotanist Jack Wolfe in 1964 gave an estimated age of Early Miocene, this was later revised by Wolfe and Tanai in 1987 to a Late Oligocene estimation. [1] In the descriptive paper naming T. postnastae Manchester et al reported that radioisotope dating of plagioclase crystals collected by Robert Rosé from the fossiliferous horizon of the Moose Mountain flora had been performed. Using crystals obtained from tuffaceous sandstones, Argon–argon dating provided an age of 14.91 ± 0.23 Ma placing the flora as Middle Miocene Langhian stage. [2] T. postnastae is found associated with species such as Acer cascadense , Acer smileyi , Concavistylon kvacekii , Ozakia emryi , [3] and Trochodendron postnastae . The fruits are noted to be similar in size to the living Trochodendron aralioides while being bigger than the coeval Concavistylon fruits. [2]

Several additional Middle Miocene fossils were considered by Manchester et al to also be T. rosayi specimens. In 1991, Manchester et al made the first mention of several infructescences, including a figured specimen from the Latah Formation at Emerald Creek, Idaho. At that time the fossils were suggested to be indistinguishable from living T. aralioides fruits. [4] Similarly a fossil first figured by Fields (1996) [5] from the Sucker Creek Formation in eastern Oregon [6] is also considered to belong to T. rosayi.

Taxonomy

The species holotype was collected by Robert Rosé and is part of the Florida Museum of Natural History's collections in Gainesville, Florida. The fossil was studied by paleobotanists Steven Manchester, Kathleen Pigg, and Melanie DeVore with their 2019 type description being published in the journal Fossil Imprint. The etymology of the specific name rosayi is a patronym honoring Robert Rosé. [2]

In addition to T rosayi Manchester et al provided descriptions of the coeval species Trochodendron postnastae and the related trochodendraceous species Concavistylon kvacekii. Based on the similarities of the T. rosayi fruits and T postnastae foliage, and on similar leaf and fruit associations in the older Klondike Mountain Formation of Washington state, Manchester et al considered it possible that the leaves and fruits were produced by the same plant. At the time of description however the two organs had not been found in connection, and so where described under separate names. [2] The fruits are over double the size of the older Ypresian age Trochodendron drachukii fruits from the McAbee Fossil Beds in Canada. [2]

Description

Trochodendron rosayi fruits are born on 18–20 mm (0.71–0.79 in) pedicels sprouting from a 1.8–2.0 mm (0.071–0.079 in) thick central stalk. The 7.5–10 mm (0.30–0.39 in) fruits have a globose to turbinate outline, with a narrow base that flares out towards the apex. The tops of the fruits are rounded with approximately ten locular slits joining at the fruit apex to from a polygonal opening when the mature fruits dehisced. [2] The locular slits form just above the straight to slightly outwardly curved persistent styles which sprout from the fruit 1/3 of the way below the apex. Below the styles are triangular flattened structures that were likely the flower nectaries. Encircling the basal section of the fruits are an estimated 25 scars left by the shed stamens. [2]

Related Research Articles

<i>Trochodendron</i> Genus of flowing plants in the family Trochodendraceae

Trochodendron is a genus of flowering plants with one living species, Trochodendron aralioides, and six extinct species known from the fossil record. It was often considered the sole genus in the family Trochodendraceae, though botanists now also include the distinct genus Tetracentron in the family.

<i>Trochodendron nastae</i> Extinct species of flowering plant

Trochodendron nastae is an extinct species of flowering plant in the family Trochodendraceae known from fossil leaves found in the early Eocene Ypresian stage Klondike Mountain Formation deposits of northern Washington state. T. nastae is one of the oldest members of the genus Trochodendron, which includes the living species T. aralioides, native to Japan, southern Korea and Taiwan and the coeval extinct species T. drachukii from the McAbee Fossil Beds near Cache Creek, British Columbia.

Trochodendron drachukii is an extinct species of flowering plants in the family Trochodendraceae known from a fossil fruiting structure found in the early Ypresian age Eocene fossils found in British Columbia, Canada. T. drachukii is one of the oldest members of the genus Trochodendron, which includes the living species T. aralioides, native to Japan, southern Korea and Taiwan and the coeval extinct species T. nastae from Washington state, United States.

<i>Acer smileyi</i> Extinct species of maple

Acer smileyi is an extinct maple species in the family Sapindaceae described from a series of isolated fossil leaves and samaras. The species is known from the late Oligocene to middle Miocene sediments exposed in the states of Alaska, Idaho, Nevada, and Oregon, USA. It is one of several extinct species placed in the living section Parviflora.

Acer ashwilli is an extinct maple species in the family Sapindaceae described from a group of fossil leaves and samaras. The species is solely known from the Early Oligocene sediments exposed in central Oregon, USA. It is one of several extinct species belonging to the living section Ginnala.

<i>Acer latahense</i> Extinct species of maple

Acer latahense is an extinct maple species in the family Sapindaceae described from series of isolated fossil leaves. The species is known from the latest early to middle Miocene sediments exposed in the states of Oregon and Washington, USA. It is one of several extinct species placed in the living section Macrantha.

Acer palaeorufinerve is an extinct maple species in the family Sapindaceae described from series of isolated fossil samaras and leaves. The species was described from Miocene to Pliocene aged fossils found in Japan and is known from Korean fossils and Miocene sediments exposed in the state of Alaska, USA. It is one of several extinct species placed in the living section Macrantha.

Acer traini is an extinct maple species in the family Sapindaceae described from isolated fossil samaras. The species was described from Miocene-aged fossils found in Canada and the United States of America. It is one of several extinct species placed in the living section Glabra.

<i>Acer chaneyi</i> Extinct species of maple

Acer chaneyi is an extinct maple species in the family Sapindaceae described from a number of fossil leaves and samaras. The species is known from Oligocene to Miocene sediments exposed in Alaska, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon and Washington in the U.S. It is one of several extinct species belonging to the living section Rubra.

Acer taggarti is an extinct maple species in the family Sapindaceae described from a number of fossil leaves and samaras. The species is known from Miocene sediments exposed in central Oregon, US. It is one of several extinct species belonging to the living section Rubra.

<i>Liquidambar changii</i> Extinct species of flowering plant

Liquidambar changii is an extinct species of sweetgum in the Altingiaceae genus Liquidambar. Liquidambar changii is known from Middle Miocene fossils found in Central Washington.

Acer lincolnense is an extinct maple species in the family Sapindaceae described from a group of fossil leaves and fruits. The species is known from Eocene sediments exposed in the US state of Montana. It is tentatively placed into the living Acer section Cissifolia.

<i>Rhus boothillensis</i> Extinct species of flowering plant

Rhus boothillensis is an extinct species of flowering plant in the sumac family Anacardiaceae. The species is known from fossil leaves found in the early Eocene deposits of northern Washington State, United States. The species was first described from fossil leaves found in the Klondike Mountain Formation. Rhus boothillensis likely hybridized with the other Klondike Mountain formation sumac species Rhus garwellii, Rhus malloryi, and Rhus republicensis.

Concavistylon is an extinct genus of flowering plant in the family Trochodendraceae comprising a single species Concavistylon kvacekii. The genus is known from fossils found in Middle Miocene deposits of central Oregon. A second species "Concavistylon" wehrii was originally placed in Concavistylon, but subsequently moved to a new genus Paraconcavistylon in 2020.

<i>Pentacentron</i> Extinct genus of Trochodendralean plant

Pentacentron is an extinct genus of flowering plant in the family Trochodendraceae, consisting of the single species Pentacentron sternhartae. The genus is known from fossil fruits found in the early Eocene deposits of northern Washington state, United States. P. sternhartae are possibly the fruits belonging to the extinct trochodendraceous leaves Tetracentron hopkinsii.

<i>Tetracentron hopkinsii</i> Extinct species of flowering plant

Tetracentron hopkinsii is an extinct species of flowering plant in the family Trochodendraceae. The species is known from fossil leaves found in the early Eocene deposits of northern Washington state, United States and south Central British Columbia. The species was first described from fossil leaves found in the Allenby Formation. T. hopkinsii are possibly the leaves belonging to the extinct trochodendraceous fruits Pentacentron sternhartae.

Trochodendron postnastae is an extinct species of flowering plant in the family Trochodendraceae. The species is known from fossils found in Middle Miocene deposits of central Oregon. T. postnastae are possibly the leaves belonging to the extinct trochodendraceous fruits Trochodendron rosayi.

Acer cascadense is an extinct maple species in the family Sapindaceae described from a series of isolated fossil samaras. The species is known from fossils found in Middle Miocene deposits of central Oregon. It is one of several extinct species placed in the living Acer section Negundo.

Paraconcavistylon is an extinct genus of flowering plant in the family Trochodendraceae comprises a single species, Paraconcavistylon wehrii. The genus is known from fossil fruits and leaves found in the early Eocene deposits of northern Washington state, United States, and southern British Columbia, Canada. The species was initially described as a member of the related extinct genus Concavistylon as "Concavistylon" wehrii, but subsequently moved to the new genus Paraconcavistylon in 2020 after additional study.

<i>Pteronepelys</i> Fossil genus of plants

Pteronepelys, sometimes known as the winged stranger, is an extinct genus of flowering plant of uncertain affinities, which contains the one species, Pteronepelys wehrii. It is known from isolated fossil seeds found in middle Eocene sediments exposed in north central Oregon and Ypresian-age fossils found in Washington, US.

References

  1. ↑ Wolfe, J.A.; Tanai, T. (1987). "Systematics, Phylogeny, and Distribution of Acer (maples) in the Cenozoic of Western North America". Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University. Series 4, Geology and Mineralogy. 22 (1): 40, 46, 47.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Manchester, S.; Pigg, K. B.; Devore, M. L. (2018). "Trochodendraceous fruits and foliage in the Miocene of western North America" (PDF). Fossil Imprint. 74 (1–2): 45–54. doi: 10.2478/if-2018-0004 . S2CID   133942808.
  3. ↑ Manchester, S. R.; Uemura, K. (2013). "Ozakia, a new genus of winged fruit shared between the Miocene of Japan and western North America". Journal of Plant Research. 127 (2): 187–92. doi:10.1007/s10265-013-0602-2. PMID   24306324. S2CID   22167161.
  4. ↑ Manchester, S. R.; Crane, P. R.; Dilcher, D. L. (1991). "Nordenskioldia and Trochodendron fruits (Trochodendraceae) from the Miocene of northwestern North America". Botanical Gazette. 152: 357–368. doi:10.1086/337898. S2CID   84230472.
  5. ↑ Fields, P. F. (1996). "A Trochodendron infructescence from the 15 Ma Succor Creek flora in Oregon: a geographic and possibly temporal range extension". American Journal of Botany. 83 (Suppl. 6): 110. doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1996.tb15781.x.
  6. ↑ Zhu, H.; Manchester, S. R. (2020). "Red and Silver Maples in the Neogene of Western North America: Fossil Leaves and Samaras of Acer Section Rubra". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 181 (5): 542–556. doi:10.1086/707106. S2CID   219047777.
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