Tropical Storm Vera (1989)

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  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
Disc Plain black.svg Tropical cyclone
Solid black.svg Subtropical cyclone
ArrowUp.svg Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

On September 10, 1989, an area of low-level convergence developed within a monsoon trough several hundred kilometers north of Guam. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) began to monitor the disturbance on September 11, and issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) early that morning. The system was classified as a tropical depression at 18:00 UTC on September 11, with maximum sustained winds of 45 km/h (28 mph). The depression moved slowly and erratically to the west-northwest and began to intensify as it was steered by a subtropical ridge. It was upgraded to a tropical storm at 00:00 UTC on September 12, with maximum sustained winds of 65 km/h (40 mph). Vera continued to intensify and reached its peak intensity at 12:00 UTC on September 13, with maximum sustained winds of 95 km/h (60 mph) and a central pressure of 964 mbar (hPa; 28.47 inHg). Vera began to weaken as it approached China, due to increasing wind shear. It made landfall on the coast of China about 240 km (150 mi) south of Shanghai at 12:00 UTC on September 15. The storm weakened to a tropical depression as it moved overland and dissipated on September 16. [1] The remnants of Vera later transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on September 16 as it emerged over the Yellow Sea. The system tracked east-northeast for several days, passing over South Korea and northern Japan before moving over north Pacific Ocean. Vera was last noted as a powerful system near the International Date Line on September 19 with a central pressure of 964 mbar (hPa; 28.47 inHg). [2]

Preparations and impact

Although only a tropical storm at landfall, torrential rains associated with Vera triggered widespread flooding throughout eastern China. [3] Damage from the storm was regarded as the worst in 27 years. [7] Large parts of Zhejiang Province were inundated by the storm, including the port city of Shujiang. Early reports indicated that at least 190 people were injured near Shanghai. [3] Two days after the storm, only scarce reports on the scale of damage were available. On September 18, officials announced over national television that at least 72 people were killed, and hundreds were missing. By then, workers began repairing damaged coastlines and building up stone sea walls. [8] According to the nation's flood control officials, approximately 347,000 hectares (860,000 acres) of farmland and 16,000 hectares (40,000 acres) of crops were flooded by the storm. At least 162 people were killed and another 354 were listed as missing. Additionally, 692 people were injured by the storm. [4] Immense structural losses took place throughout the province with 3.1 million homes damaged or destroyed. Additionally, 430 km (270 mi) of coastal dykes and 174 km (108 mi) of irrigation ditches were washed away. [5] Total losses throughout Zhejiang Province reached $351 million. [4] Significant losses also took place in nearby Jiangsu Province where 34 people were killed and an estimated 2,000 more were injured. Approximately 590,000 hectares (1.5 million acres) of farmland was inundated by the storm and total losses reached $485,000. [5] Throughout eastern China, approximately 5.86 million households (23 million people) were affected by flooding triggered by the storm. [6] According to news estimates, a total of 500–700 people died as a result of Vera.

See also

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References

  1. 1 2 Lt. Dianne K. Crittenden (1990). "1989 Annual Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Vera (24W)" (PDF). Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy. pp. 131–132. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 21, 2013. Retrieved March 2, 2013.
  2. 1 2 Japan Meteorological Agency (October 10, 1992). "RSMC Best Track Data – 1980–1989". Archived from the original (.TXT) on December 5, 2014. Retrieved March 2, 2013.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 "Typhoon Kills at Least 48 in Coastal China". Beijing, China. Associated Press. September 16, 1989.  via LexisNexis (subscription required)
  4. 1 2 3 4 "Death Toll from Typhoon Rises to 162". Beijing, China. Associated Press. September 20, 1989.  via LexisNexis (subscription required)
  5. 1 2 3 "China – Typhoon Vera Sep 1989 UNDRO Information Reports 1–2". United Nations Department of Humanitarian Affairs. ReliefWeb. September 29, 1989. Retrieved March 29, 2012.
  6. 1 2 "Relief Funds Allocated For Zhejiang Flood Victims". Hangzhou, China. Xinhua General News. October 13, 1989.  via LexisNexis (subscription required)
  7. "Typhoon kills 48 in China". Beijing, China. United Press International. September 16, 1989.  via LexisNexis (subscription required)
  8. "Typhoon Death Toll Up to 72, Hundreds Missing". Beijing, China. Associated Press. September 18, 1989.  via LexisNexis (subscription required)
Tropical Storm Vera (Pining)
Vera sept 13 1989 0450Z.jpg
Tropical Storm Vera on September 13, 1989 with winds of 60 mph and a pressure of 985 mbar