Turbinaria frondens

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Turbinaria frondens
Turbinaria frondens, Reunion.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Cnidaria
Class: Hexacorallia
Order: Scleractinia
Family: Dendrophylliidae
Genus: Turbinaria
Species:
T. frondens
Binomial name
Turbinaria frondens
(Dana, 1846) [2]
Synonyms
List
  • Gemmipora frondensDana, 1846
  • Turbinaria abnormalisBernard, 1896
  • Turbinaria aurantiacaBernard, 1896
  • Turbinaria contortaBernard, 1896
  • Turbinaria danaeBernard, 1896
  • Turbinaria edwardsiBernard, 1896
  • Turbinaria foliosaBernard, 1896
  • Turbinaria frondescensMilne Edwards, 1860
  • Turbinaria magnaBernard, 1896
  • Turbinaria pustulosaBernard, 1896
  • Turbinaria ramosaYabe & Sugiyama, 1941
  • Turbinaria rugosaBernard, 1896

Turbinaria frondens, commonly known as disc coral, is a species of colonial stony coral in the family Dendrophylliidae. It is native to the Indo-Pacific region. It is a zooxanthellate coral that houses symbiont dinoflagellates in its tissues.

Contents

This is a common species throughout its wide range and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated its conservation status as being of "least concern".

Description

Colonies of Turbinaria frondens are variable and may be massive, encrusting, cup-shaped, foliaceous or columnar. They are initially cup-shaped and develop lobes and fronds, either upright or horizontal, often irregularly contorted. The lobes are one-sided with corallites only on one surface. The corallites are cone-shaped, about 2 mm (0.08 in) in diameter. They protrude on convex surfaces but are immersed and crowded close together on concave surfaces. This coral is usually dark brown, greenish-brown or grey. [2] [3] The colonies can grow to a width of about one metre. [1]

Distribution and habitat

Turbinaria frondens is native to the Indo-Pacific region. Its range extends from East Africa and the Red Sea to Japan, Taiwan, the Philippines, Indonesia and northern Australia. It is found on shallow-water reefs and rocky foreshores at depths from about 7 to 20 m (23 to 66 ft). [1]

Ecology

Turbinaria frondens is gonochoristic, with colonies being either male or female. Breeding takes place synchronously with all the colonies in an area liberating their gametes into the sea shortly after the full moon in October. [4]

Status

Turbinaria frondens is a common species throughout its wide range and is likely to be more resistant than other species to some of the problems facing corals which include ocean acidification, global climate change, coral diseases and coral bleaching. The chief threat it faces is the destruction of its reef habitats. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being of "least concern". [1]

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Hoeksema, B.; Rogers, A.; Quibilan, M. (2008). "Turbinaria frondens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2008: e.T133146A3601023. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T133146A3601023.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. 1 2 Hoeksema, B. (2015). "Turbinaria frondens (Dana, 1846)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 2015-04-19.
  3. ↑ Chang-feng Dai; Sharon Horng (2009). Scleractinia Fauna of Taiwan: Complex group. National Taiwan University Press. p. 155. ISBN   978-986-01-8744-1.
  4. ↑ Richmond,Robert H.; Hunter, Cynthia L. (1990). "Reproduction and recruitment of corals: comparisons among the Caribbean, the Tropical Pacific, and the Red Sea" (PDF). Marine Ecology Progress Series. 60: 185–203. Bibcode:1990MEPS...60..185R. doi: 10.3354/meps060185 .
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