Class overview | |
---|---|
Builders | Howaldtswerke, Kiel, Germany |
Operators | |
Preceded by | Type XXIII U-boat |
Succeeded by | Type 205 U-boat |
Built | 1960–1962 |
In commission | 1962–1967 |
Planned | 12 |
Completed | 3 |
Cancelled | 9 |
Active | 0 |
Retired | 3 |
General characteristics | |
Type | Coastal U-boat |
Displacement |
|
Length | 42.40 m (139 ft 1 in) |
Beam | 4.60 m (15 ft 1 in) |
Draft | 3.80 m (12 ft 6 in) |
Installed power | 880 kilowatts (1,180 hp) diesel generator |
Propulsion | 1,100 kilowatts (1,500 hp) electric motor |
Speed |
|
Range |
|
Test depth | 100 metres (330 ft) |
Complement | 21 |
Sensors and processing systems | sonar, radar, periscope, GHG |
Armament |
|
The Type 201 was Germany's first U-boat class built after World War II.
They were built out of amagnetic steel to counter the threat of magnetic naval mines, but the material had been insufficiently tested and proved to be problematic in service with the Bundesmarine. Microscopic cracks in the pressure hull forced the cancellation of nine of the twelve ordered submarines and the rebuilding of the first two boats as Type 205 submarines. Responsible for the design and construction was the Ingenieurkontor Lübeck (IKL) headed by Ulrich Gabler.
Pennant number | Name | Shipyard | Laid down | Launched | Com- missioned | Decom- missioned | fate |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S180 | U-1 | Howaldtswerke | 8 June 1960 | 2 October 1961 | 20 March 1962 | 22 June 1963 | scrapped 1967 |
S181 | U-2 | Howaldtswerke | 1 September 1960 | 25 January 1962 | 3 May 1962 | 15 August 1963 | scrapped 1967 |
S182 | U-3 | Howaldtswerke | 12 October 1960 | 7 May 1962 | 20 June 1964 | 15 September 1967 | intentionally destroyed in trials in high pressure chamber "Dock C" (Marinearsenal Kiel 1971), scrapped |
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U-boats were naval submarines operated by Germany, particularly in the First and Second World Wars. Although at times they were efficient fleet weapons against enemy naval warships, they were most effectively used in an economic-warfare role and enforcing a naval blockade against enemy shipping. The primary targets of the U-boat campaigns in both wars were the merchant convoys bringing supplies from Canada and other parts of the British Empire, and from the United States, to the United Kingdom and to the Soviet Union and the Allied territories in the Mediterranean. German submarines also targeted Brazilian merchant ships during both World Wars and, twice over, precipitated Brazil's decision to give up its neutral stance and declare war on Germany.
The Type 212A is a class of diesel-electric submarine developed by Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft AG (HDW) for the German Navy, and the Italian Navy where it is known as the Todaro class. It features diesel propulsion and an additional air-independent propulsion (AIP) system using Siemens proton exchange membrane (PEM) compressed hydrogen fuel cells. The submarines can operate at high speed on diesel power or switch to the AIP system for silent slow cruising, staying submerged for up to three weeks with little exhaust heat. The system is also said to be vibration-free and virtually undetectable.
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NV Ingenieurskantoor voor Scheepsbouw, usually contracted to IvS, was a Dutch dummy company set up in The Hague and funded by the Reichsmarine after World War I in order to maintain and develop German submarine know-how and to circumvent the limitations set by the Treaty of Versailles. The company designed several submarine types for paying countries, including the Soviet S-class submarine, as well as the prototypes for the German Type II submarines and Type VII submarines.
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