Typhoon Dan (1989)

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Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
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Disc Plain black.svg Tropical cyclone
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ArrowUp.svg Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

On October 6, 1989, a tropical disturbance formed in the monsoon trough near the island of Chuuk. An advisory by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) assessed the system as having a "poor" chance to develop due to strong wind shear in the region. [nb 1] A day later, the potential of development was adjusted to "fair". On October 8, the wind shear relented and a well-defined band persisted near the storm's center of circulation. As a result, a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert was issued. [2] That same day, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) classified the storm as a tropical depression. [3] [nb 2] At 1200 UTC, the JTWC issued their first warning on Tropical Depression 29W. At the time, it was centered about 70 mi (110 km) northeast of Yap. [2]

About 18 hours later, the depression was upgraded to a tropical storm and given the name Dan. The cyclone moved westward at 17 to 23 mph (27 to 37 km/h), and convection continued to mature. Outflow was good across most of the system, except the northwestern corner where it was restricted by interaction with a nearby typhoon. [2] Due to the cyclone's proximity to the Philippines, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration also monitored the storm, assigning it with the local name Saling. [5] The JMA upgraded it to a tropical storm on October 9; both agencies recognized it as a typhoon the next day after an eye became visible and outflow improved in the northwestern quadrant. [2] [3] Dan made landfall on the southeastern coast of Luzon in the Philippines, and its center tracked just south of Ninoy Aquino International Airport. [2]

Dan crossed over the island and emerged into the South China Sea, having lost its eye feature and weakened back into a tropical storm. Convection soon redeveloped as the storm moved northwestward through warm waters. The JTWC reports that Dan reattained typhoon status at 0000 UTC on October 12, [2] although according to the JMA it did so 24 hours earlier. [3] The typhoon continued to intensify, and the JTWC estimates that it reached its peak intensity at 0600 UTC, with 1-minute maximum sustained winds of 130 km/h (80 mph). [2] The JMA indicates that Dan peaked slightly afterward, with 10-minute sustained winds of 140 km/h (85 mph) and a minimum barometric pressure reading of 960 millibars. [3]

The storm passed about 70 mi (110 km) south of Hainan Island and weakened somewhat. Increased wind shear further deteriorated the system as it approached the coast of Vietnam. The storm moved inland at around 1200 UTC on October 13, [2] at which point the JMA downgraded it to a severe tropical storm and the JTWC issued their final advisory on the disturbance. [2] [3] The circulation ultimately dissipated over the mountainous terrain and its remnants continued to move westward into Laos. [2]

Impact

Although it was relatively weak, the storm caused severe damage. In the Philippines, 58 fatalities from the cyclone were reported, with an additional 121 injuries. In total, 682,699 people, or 135,245 families, were affected by the typhoon, and 49,972 houses sustained damage. [5] Monetary storm damage is placed at $59.2 million. [6] The storm triggered flooding and landslides, while high winds, estimated up to 160 km/h (99 mph) brought down trees and powerlines. [7] The second typhoon to strike the country within a week, Dan forced schools and government offices to close. [8] Approximately 250,000 people were left homeless, [9] and dozens of fishermen went missing offshore. In the Manila area, near-total power loss was reported. [10] President Corazon Aquino issued a "state of calamity" there and in surrounding areas. [9] In the wake of the storm, the nation's military provided $300,000 worth of food for residents in evacuation centers. [6] The Department of Social Welfare and Development also provided $371,000 worth of emergency relief assistance to 2,700 families displaced by the storm. [11] Despite the scale of damage from Dan and other typhoons in the region, no request for international assistance was made by the Philippine Government. [6] As the storm progressed westward, it buffeted Hainan Island with gale-force winds and exacerbated damage caused by Typhoons Angela and Brian. [9] Collectively, the three storms were responsible for 63 fatalities on the island, most of which were attributed to Brian. [12]

Damage in Vietnam was also extensive. [2] The high winds, reportedly blowing at 75 mph (121 km/h), ripped roofs off houses. Large storm tides along the coast pushed flood waters ashore. [13] At least 43 people were killed and another 466 were injured by the storm throughout Vietnam. The most severe damage took place in Hà Tĩnh Province where 34 fatalities took place. In the province alone, 43,000 homes were destroyed and another 500,000 were damaged. Extensive flooding across the province submerged 330,000 acres (130,000 ha) of crops and killed thousands of cattle. In Hải Hưng Province, two people were killed and approximately 60 percent of the homes were damaged or destroyed. Another seven people perished in Thái Bình Province due to strong winds. [14]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ The Joint Typhoon Warning Center is a joint United States Navy – United States Air Force task force that issues tropical cyclone warnings for the western Pacific Ocean and other regions. [1]
  2. ↑ The Japan Meteorological Agency is the official Regional Specialized Meteorological Center for the western Pacific Ocean. [4]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1989 Pacific typhoon season</span>

The 1989 Pacific typhoon season was the first of six consecutive years of above-average activity in the Western Pacific. It was an extremely active season spawning 32 tropical storms, 20 typhoons and five super typhoons. It has no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1989, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between May and November. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. The first storm, Winona, formed on January 15, while the final storm, Jack, dissipated on December 27. This season was also quite a deadly season that were caused by a few notable storms such as Tropical Storm Cecil, which was the worst storm to impact Vietnam in over 50 years, and Typhoon Gay, which directly impacted the Malay Peninsula as the worst typhoon in 35 years. Both of these storms make up around half of the total fatalities of the entire season alone.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typhoon Dot (1985)</span> Pacific typhoon in 1985

Typhoon Dot, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Saling, was the strongest storm of the 1985 season. Dot originated from a small area of thunderstorm activity in early to mid October. The system was first classified on October 11, and steadily intensified over the next few days. Dot attained typhoon strength on October 15, and subsequently entered a period of explosive deepening, which was not anticipated by forecasters. The next day the intensification rate slowed, but that evening, Dot attained its maximum intensify. A steady weakening trend began on October 17, though the system maintained typhoon intensity through the passage of the Philippines. After entering the South China Sea late on October 18, Dot briefly re-intensified, only to weaken as it approached Vietnam. On October 21, Dot struck Vietnam while still a typhoon, but dissipated the next day over the high terrain of the nation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typhoon Alex (1987)</span> Pacific typhoon in 1987

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typhoon Amy (1991)</span> Pacific typhoon in 1991


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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typhoon Brian (1989)</span> Pacific typhoon in 1989

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typhoon Cecil (1985)</span> Pacific typhoon in 1985

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typhoon Clara (1981)</span> Pacific typhoon in 1981

Typhoon Clara, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Rubing, left flooding in the northern Philippines and southern China during September 1981. An area of disturbed weather was first detected on September 11 near Ponape. After moving westward, the system gradually became better organized and thunderstorm activity increased. On September 16, the system attained tropical storm status. Two days later, Clara attained typhoon intensity and subsequently began to deepen at a faster rate. On September 19, Clara reached maximum intensity, before making landfall along the northern tip of Luzon. Clara steadily weakened after interacting with land, but by late on September 20, Clara leveled off in intensity over the South China Sea. The next day, Clara moved ashore to the east-northeast of Hong Kong while still at typhoon intensity before rapidly dissipating over land.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typhoon Gordon</span> Pacific typhoon in 1989

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typhoon Nepartak (2003)</span> Pacific typhoon in 2003

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tropical Storm Cecil</span> Pacific severe tropical storm in 1989

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tropical Storm Tess</span> Pacific severe tropical storm in 1988

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typhoon Kim (1980)</span> Pacific typhoon in 1980

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typhoon Cary (1987)</span> Pacific typhoon in 1987

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typhoon Joe</span> Pacific typhoon in 1980

Typhoon Joe, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Nitang, affected the Philippines, China, and Vietnam during July 1980. An area of disturbed weather formed near the Caroline Islands on July 14. Shower activity gradually became better organized, and two days later, the system was upgraded into a tropical depression. On July 18, the depression was classified as Tropical Storm Joe. Initially, Joe moved northwest, but began to turn to the west-northwest, anchored by a subtropical ridge to its north. Joe started to deepen at a faster clip, and attained typhoon intensity on July 19. The eye began to clear out, and the next day, Joe reached its highest intensity. Shortly thereafter, Joe moved ashore the Philippines. There, 31 people were killed and 300,000 others were directly affected. Around 5,000 homes were destroyed, resulting in an additional 29,000 homeless. Damage in the nation was estimated at $14.5 million (1980 USD).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typhoon Faith</span> Pacific typhoon in 1998

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typhoon Irving (1982)</span> Pacific typhoon in 1982

Typhoon Irving, known in the Philippines as Tropical Storm Ruping, was a mid-season tropical cyclone that affected the Philippines and China during September 1982. An area of disturbed weather developed within the monsoon trough during early September 1982 near Guam. Following an increase in organization, a tropical depression developed on the morning of September 5. Later that day, the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Irving. Irving tracked westward, nearly becoming a typhoon before hitting the central Philippines. There, Irving uprooted trees, downed power and telephone lines, triggered landslides, and forced the cancellation of several domestic airline flights. Irving damaged 7,890 houses in Albay and Sorsogon provinces alone, resulting in 138,500 people homeless. Nation-wide, 65 people were killed, 26 others were hurt, and 29 were rendered missing. A total of 44,383 families or 248,040 residents sought shelter. Moreover, 18,488 homes were damaged and 5,599 others were demolished. Damage in the country was assessed at US$23.3 million, including US$14.2 million in crops. While crossing the island chain, Irving turned northwestward. After entering the South China Sea, Irving continued generally northwest, and became a typhoon on September 11. After developing a well-defined eye, Irving attained its peak intensity of 160 km/h (100 mph) the following day. Land interaction with Hainan Island resulted in a weakening trend, and Irving was downgraded to a tropical storm before striking the southern coast of China on September 15. Across the Leizhou Peninsula, 90% of homes were damaged. Onshore, Irving rapidly weakened and the storm dissipated on September 16.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typhoon Warren</span> Pacific typhoon in 1988

Typhoon Warren, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Huaning, struck the Philippines and China during July 1988. An area of disturbed weather developed within the vicinity of the Caroline Islands during the second week of July. A tropical depression developed southeast of Guam on July 12, and on the next day, intensified into a tropical storm. Tracking generally west-northwest, Warren deepened into a typhoon on July 14. The storm subsequently entered a period of rapid intensification, commencing with Warren reaching its highest intensity on July 16. The following evening, the typhoon brushed Luzon, resulting in a weakening trend, although Warren was still a typhoon when it made landfall near Shantou. Warren rapidly dissipated inland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typhoon Ofelia</span> Pacific typhoon in 1990

Typhoon Ofelia, known as Typhoon Bising in the Philippines, was the first of two typhoons in 1990 to directly affect the Philippines within a week. Typhoon Ofelia originated from an area of disturbed weather embedded in the monsoon trough situated near the Caroline Islands. Slowly organizing, the disturbance tracked westward, and was designated a tropical depression on June 15. After an increase in convection, the depression was upgraded into a tropical storm on June 17. On June 19, Ofelia turned northwest and after development of a central dense overcast, Ofelia was upgraded into a typhoon late on June 20. After turning north, Ofelia obtained its maximum intensity following the development of an eye. The typhoon skirted past the northeastern tip of Luzon and near the east coast of Taiwan, commencing a rapid weakening trend. On the evening on June 23, Ofelia struck the southern portion of Zhejiang. The storm then began to track north, recurving towards the Korean Peninsula. The storm tracked through the province of Jiangsu, and at 00:00 UTC on June 24, transitioned into an extratropical cyclone, only to merge with a frontal zone on June 25.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typhoon Eli</span> Pacific typhoon in 1992

Typhoon Eli, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Konsing, struck the Philippines and Hainan during mid-July 1992. A weak low pressure system developed in the Philippine Sea on July 7, which became a tropical depression on the next day. The depression tracked west-northwest and strengthened into a tropical storm on July 10. After turning more westward, Eli steadily intensified, and obtained typhoon intensity that evening. The storm attained its highest intensity of 130 km/h (80 mph) early on July 11 before striking northern Luzon. After entering the South China Sea, the storm maintained most of its intensity as it approached Hainan, although agencies disagree on how precisely strong it was. After passing through Hainan late on July 13, Eli passed through the Gulf of Tonkin on the next day before striking Vietnam, where Eli quickly dissipated.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typhoon Zeke</span> Pacific typhoon in 1991

Typhoon Zeke, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Etang, was the first of two typhoons to make landfall in China within a week during mid-July 1991. An area of disturbed weather developed east of the Philippines towards the end of the first week of July. Tracking west-northwestward, the disturbance organized into a tropical depression on July 9. After tracking across the Philippines, where it left two people missing and injured three others, the depression intensified into a tropical storm on July 10. The storm steadily deepened as it moved across the South China Sea, and on July 12 it strengthened into a typhoon. While at its peak intensity of 120 km/h (75 mph), Zeke moved onshore at Hainan, where it began to weaken. The system tracked across Vietnam on July 13, and dissipated within two days after moving inland.

References

  1. ↑ "Joint Typhoon Warning Center Mission Statement". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy. 2011. Archived from the original on July 26, 2007. Retrieved January 1, 2012.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "1989 Annual Tropical Cyclone Report for the Western Pacific" (PDF). Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 1990. pp. 152–154. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 6, 2011. Retrieved November 17, 2009.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 "JMA Best Tracks 1980-1989". Japan Meteorological Agency. 1991. Archived from the original on December 5, 2014. Retrieved November 17, 2009.
  4. ↑ "Annual Report on Activities of the RSMC Tokyo - Typhoon Center 2000" (PDF). Japan Meteorological Agency. February 2001. p. 3. Retrieved January 1, 2012.
  5. 1 2 "Destructive Typhoons 1970-2003". The Philippines: National Disaster Coordinating Council. November 9, 2004. Archived from the original on November 9, 2004. Retrieved December 20, 2009.
  6. 1 2 3 "October 1989 Philippine Typhoons Reports 1-6". World Food Council. ReliefWeb. November 3, 1989. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
  7. ↑ "43 killed as typhoon hits metro area". Manila Bulletin. Manila, Philippines: Xinhua General News. October 12, 1989. (Accessed through LexisNexis)
  8. ↑ Staff Writer (October 11, 1989). "26 die as Typhoon Dan rips through Philippines". Toronto Star. Archived from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  9. 1 2 3 Steve Newman (October 15, 1989). "Typhoon Dan". Toronto Star. Archived from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  10. ↑ Staff Writer (October 12, 1989). "30 People Killed By Typhoon Dan". The Spokane Chronicle. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  11. ↑ "calamity state declared in metro manila, some luzon areas". Manila, Philippines: Xinhua General News. October 12, 1989. (Accessed through LexisNexis)
  12. ↑ "Tropical Cyclones in 1989" (PDF). Hong Kong Observatory. 1990. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
  13. ↑ Staff Writer (October 16, 1989). "Typhoon Dan Kills 7". Lodi News-Sentinel. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  14. ↑ "Typhoon Dan kills 43 in Vietnam". Bangkok, Thailand: United Press International. October 16, 1989. (Accessed through LexisNexis)

Typhoon Dan (Saling)
Dan Oct 12 1989 0630Z.png
Typhoon Dan on October 12, 1989
Tropical cyclones of the 1989 Pacific typhoon season
1989 Pacific typhoon season summary map.png
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