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Overview | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stations | 16 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Service | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Type | Rapid transit | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
System | Nuremberg U-Bahn | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Operator(s) | Verkehrs-Aktiengesellschaft Nürnberg | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Rolling stock |
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History | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Opened | 28 January 1984 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Completed | 27 November 1999 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Opening of U3 - begin of automatic operation on U2 tracks | June 14, 2008 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Conversion to fully automated operation completed | January 2, 2010 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Technical | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Line length | 13.2 km (8.2 mi) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Number of tracks | Double track except between Ziegelstein station and Flughafen station where a single track stretch exists | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Track gauge | 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Electrification | 750 V DC third rail | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The U2 is an underground line in Nuremberg, opened on 28 January 1984 and the last station along the line to open was Flughafen (Airport) in 1999. The line is about 13.1 kilometres (8.1 mi) long and has 16 stations; the termini are Röthenbach and Flughafen. Since 2010 all trains in regular operations have been run driverless. At 2,388 metres (7,835 ft) the stretch between Ziegelstein station and Flughafen station is the longest interval between two stations in the network and the only single track section on any subway line in Germany (both stations have two platform tracks, but the track between the two is a single track without passing loops).
In the following, the direction is from southwest to northwest in line with the direction in which the line was built.
The route begins in the southwest of Nuremberg at Röthenbach station, at the western end of a three-track parking and turning system, and continues east along the Schweinauer Hauptstraße under the Main-Danube Canal and the de:Südwesttangente highway (southwestern tangential road) to the station Hohe Marter. This station is the longest in the Nuremberg subway network with 268 metres (879 ft) and replaces the two abandoned tram stops Friesenstraße and Schweinau, which were formerly located at the two present-day subway exits.
The route continues under Schweinauer Hauptstraße to Schweinau station and St. Leonhard station, which, due to its location in the middle of Schweinauer Straße, is completely elastic so as not to give off the vibrations caused by driving to the surrounding houses. Next is the Rothenburger Straße station beneath the Frankenschnellweg (A73). Rothenburger Straße station marks the beginning of the shared trunk line between U2 and U3 and is also served by S1 of the Nuremberg S-Bahn. Consequently, a lot of interchanging traffic uses this station. The last part of the southern half of the route runs in a curve under the Obere Kanalstraße and then leads in a right arc to the Plärrer station, where the U2 meets the U1. The Plärrer is an old interchange point for all kinds of transportation and was served by Germany's first railway and at times over a dozen tram lines. As of 2024 it is served by all Nuremberg subway lines and three (out of seven) Nuremberg tram lines.
After the station Plärrer the route runs under the Frauentorgraben to Opernhaus station. During the construction of this station which is close to the former city wall, the former moat which had been filled in was restored and thus the station has open air access and natural light to one side. The former moat has been pedestrianized. The route continues to Nuremberg Hauptbahnhof, serving the other main interchange point (all subway lines; 3 out of 5 tram lines) in the network besides Plärrer. Afterwards the line heads north to the Wöhrder Wiese station. Due to its location in the valley of the river Pegnitz, the station had to be lowered and the northern branch of the Pegnitz had to be incorporated into the station building, which can be seen in the relatively low ceiling, which extends across the entire station. The following route runs under the Laufertorgraben and steeply climbs towards Rathenauplatz station, which can be observed in the station itself, as the ceiling from the southern to the northern platform has a significant difference in height. Rathenauplatz station named for the slain politician and industrialist Walter Rathenau is the last station U2 shares with U3 and also allows interchange with tram line 8, making it one of the busiest stations in the network.
After the Rathenauplatz station, the route initially runs under the Bayreuther Straße, turns right to the Rennweg station under the street of the same name and continues under Schoppershofstraße to the Schoppershof station. Between this and the following station Nordostbahnhof under the Leipziger Platz the two tracks run together in the same single bore tunnel. This is opposed to most of the rest of the line where the two tracks run in separate tunnels.
There is a parking and turning system under the Bessemerstraße in a tube shared with the city-side track. After that the station Herrnhütte station is found at the junction with the Äußere Bayreuther Straße. Then the route takes a narrow counter arc under housing development to the station Ziegelstein beneath Fritz Munkert Platz, at whose northern end is another parking and turning system. The two railway tracks are then merged and run as a single-track tunnel in a westerly direction to the terminus station serving the airport. Due to the long single track section between Ziegelstein and Airport, only one train every ten minutes continues to the airport with most trains during the day terminating at Ziegelstein. This was formerly indicated by short terminating trains being indicated as "U21". The station serving the airport has two platform tracks but usually only one is used for passenger service. Occasionally a train with minor defects or awaiting a later departure will wait on the mostly unused second platform track.
Following are the opening dates of the individual pieces of infrastructure.
As the construction of U2 neared its end, debates intensified about whether to expand the U-Bahn network further - and if so where - and what to do about the tramway network. At the time of the decision to build the subway, it was planned to shut down the tramway as U-Bahn lines were opened. Initially this was largely uncontroversial, but as tram stations were being shut down years ahead of subway construction - or even without any subway station anywhere nearby even planned - discontent started to rise. Furthermore, the municipal finances, which had been healthy in the 1960s when the decision to build the subway was taken, were becoming increasingly strained and thus a fully fledged three- or even four-line network seemed to be decades away if it was ever going to happen. In consequence this would mean that subway extension beyond a certain point would almost certainly "shrink" the tram system to an unsustainable size but connecting every neighborhood that had heretofore had tram service to the U-Bahn seemed out of the question as well.
Furthermore the SPD who had held the mayorality since free elections resumed after World War II (with the exception of former SPD mayor Uhrschlechter running as an independent for a few years) lost the 1996 mayoral election, putting a CSU candidate into that office for the first time in history. With political winds now changed, a compromise decision had to be found and the aforementioned budget crunch had to be taken into account. The U2 was finished with a connection to the airport (then slowly but surely coming into its own as a hub for Air Berlin's winter season touristic operations), but to cut costs it was built single track only. Furthermore, the airport (owned half by the city and half by the state of Bavaria) took over part of the cost of the subway extension serving it. It was then decided that a new subway line was going to be built, but the tram network would be kept as well. To reduce costs and to show off Nuremberg's still existing industrial capabilities, it was decided to run automated trains on the new line which was to share part of its tracks with the existing U2.
However, by the time this decision was put into practice, the political winds had turned again and Ulrich Maly retook the mayorality for the SPD once more after a single 6 year term by Ludwig Scholz of the CSU. The new U3 was initially planned to open in time for the 2006 FIFA World Cup which had games played in Nuremberg. However, technological issues with the new system and the desire to work out all kinks delayed opening to 2008. Operations on U2 were never shut down and for almost two years driver operated trains ran in mixed operations with fully automated trains on the sections of U2 shared with U3. By late 2009 confidence in the new system was large enough that full automatization of U2 was decided upon and since 2 January 2010 (the day after New Year's Day) all trains in revenue service on U2 have been fully automated. This represents the first existing rapid transit line in the world to be converted from fully manual operation to fully automated operation. However, the system has not attracted as many customers outside Nuremberg as had been hoped for when the decision to automate the line was taken.
The entire line cost - in then nominal terms - a total of 960 million Deutsche Mark to build, of which 716 million (roughly three quarters) were provided by the federal and state government. The rest was mostly paid for by the city of Nuremberg, with the exception of the extension to the airport for which the airport provided 18.6 million DM of the 180 million DM cost (a further 15 million DM was paid for by the city of Nuremberg). [1]
During the rush hour peak trains leave every 3 1/3 minutes (200 seconds) overlapping with U3 to a 100 second headway between Rothenburger Straße and Rathenauplatz. As the section of track between Airport and Ziegelstein is single track, only one train every ten minutes serves the airport with most other trains terminating early at Ziegelstein.
As early as the first U-Bahn plans which formed the basis for the decision to build an U-Bahn, an extension towards Stein was proposed. However, the problem with such an extension is the municipal border involved and local politicians in Stein have been reluctant to assume the financial burden of construction and especially the long term burden of maintenance and operation. Another problem is the de:Gemeindeverkehrsfinanzierungsgesetz (municipal traffic financing law or GVFG) which regulates which construction projects get federal and state funding and mandates a so-called "Benefit-Cost Quotient" above 1.0 (i.e. "benefits" exceeding "costs") and an extension to Stein is unlikely to meet that as only the newly built stretch would be taken under consideration. [2]
Another extension variously suggested since the extension of tram line 4 northwards to "am Wegfeld", a point due West of the current endpoint of U2 at the airport, was politically decided, is towards the tram/bus interchange point "am Wegfeld" in the de:Knoblauchsland. [3] While various studies have failed to reach the required benefit cost ratio above 1, the current bus service between the airport and "am Wegfeld" (line 33 with onward service to Fürth Hauptbahnhof and line 30 with onward service to Erlangen) overlaps to a 10 minute headway, the same as U2 service between the airport and Ziegelstein station. In addition to linking the airport to the interchange point and relieving the residential areas of bus traffic, such an extension would also offer an interchange between tram line 4 (which is planned to be extended towards Erlangen in the course of the "Stadt-Umland Bahn“ project) and U2 (otherwise only possible at Plärrer station) and relieve the airport of the role as a bus/subway interchange point, that it only gained in the course of the reorganization of bus traffic in the north of Nuremberg in the course of the opening of the tram extension to "am Wegfeld" in 2016.
There are also various plans for branches and an additional infill station on the last stretch towards the airport. Including a proposed "Marienberg" station which was already indicated as a possibility in promotional material released during the opening of the extension towards the airport. [4] [5]
Prior to the introduction of automatic operation in the course of the opening of U3 (2008) and the conversion of U2 to all automatic operation (2010), the line was served by the same VAG Class DT1, VAG Class DT2 and even MVG Class A vehicles as U1. However, with the conversion of U2 to automatic operation, those vehicles were withdrawn from service or switched to exclusively operating on U1, the last remaining all manual line. Some older units of Class DT1 still contain displays in their interior that can be switched between "U1", "U2" and the obsolete "U11" and "U21" (since abandoned designations for truncated runs on the U1 or U2 corridor), but they haven't served any purpose since the permanent switch of those vehicles to U1 service and the subsequent abandonment of the "U11" designation.
As of 2022 only VAG Class DT3 (both with and without a driver's cabin) serve on U2, just as they do on U3. The VAG Class G1 is capable of both automatic and manual operation and could in the future be used on U2 as well.
U1 is a line on the Berlin U-Bahn, which is 8.8 kilometres (5.5 mi) long and has 13 stations. Its traditional line designation was BII. It runs east–west and its eastern terminus is Warschauer Straße S-Bahn station where it connects to the Schlesische Bahn. From there it runs through Kreuzberg via Gleisdreieck and Wittenbergplatz on to the Kurfürstendamm.
U9 is a line on the Berlin U-Bahn. The line was opened on 28 August 1961 as Line G.
The public transit system in Frankfurt is part of the Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund transport network and consists of several carriers who all use the same fare system. Therefore, one ticket is valid for a journey which may include several modes of transit run by different operators. The fares are paid in advance of travel at a ticket vending machine or at the driver on board a bus. There are no turnstiles or other controlling barriers; instead, a proof-of-payment system is used. Plainclothes fare inspectors are employed and carry out random checks to ensure passengers have paid. If found to be travelling without a ticket, then they are required to pay a fine of €60. A single way trip within Frankfurt costs between €1.80 and €2.80, and a journey to the suburbs outside Frankfurt costs between €4.65 and €9.10 approx. There are also some discounts for children for groups or day tickets. A day ticket for traveling within Frankfurt costs €7.
The Vienna U-Bahn, where U-Bahn is an abbreviation of the German word Untergrundbahn, is a rapid transit system serving Vienna, Austria. The five-line network consists of 83.1 kilometers (51.6 mi) of route, serving 109 stations. 459.8 million passengers rode the U-Bahn in 2019.
The Munich U-Bahn is an electric rail rapid transit network in Munich, Germany. The system began operation in 1971, and is operated by the municipally owned Münchner Verkehrsgesellschaft. The network is integrated into the Münchner Verkehrs- und Tarifverbund and interconnected with the Munich S-Bahn. The U-Bahn currently comprises eight lines, serving 96 stations, and encompassing 103.1 kilometres (64.1 mi) of routes.
The Nuremberg U-Bahn is a rapid transit system run by Verkehrs-Aktiengesellschaft Nürnberg, which itself is a member of the Verkehrsverbund Großraum Nürnberg. The Nuremberg U-Bahn is Germany's newest metro system, having begun operation in 1972, although the Nuremberg-Fürth route (U1) uses part of the right of way of the Bavarian Ludwig Railway, Germany's first passenger railway opened in 1835. The current network of the U-Bahn is composed of three lines, serving 49 stations, and comprising 38.2 kilometres (23.7 mi) of operational route, making it the shortest of the four metro systems in Germany, behind Berlin, Hamburg and Munich.
Aufseßplatz station is a Nuremberg U-Bahn station, located on the U1 line.
Flughafen station is a Nuremberg U-Bahn station, located on the U2, serving Nuremberg Airport. Since 2008 when Berlin Tempelhof Airport shut down, Nuremberg has been the only city in Germany whose airport is connected to the subway network.
Plärrer station is the only Nuremberg U-Bahn station apart from Nürnberg Hauptbahnhof to have an interchange with all the U-Bahn lines – the U1, U2, and U3. Like Aufseßplatz, Hauptbahnhof and Friedrich Ebert Platz orange tiles indicate its intended use as an interchange station between different subway main lines. The station is named after the Plärrer, long an important interchange of various types of transportation including the site of the Nuremberg terminus for the Bavarian Ludwig Railway. Despite folk etymology linking the name to the local word "plärren" for screaming, it likely derives from Plarre a now disused word for a square.
Nürnberg Hauptbahnhof or Nuremberg Central Station is the main railway station serving the city of Nuremberg in Germany. It is the largest station in north Bavaria and belongs to the 20 stations in the highest category of importance allocated by DB Station&Service.
The Nuremberg S-Bahn is an S-Bahn network covering the region of Nuremberg, Fürth and Erlangen which started operations in 1987 and is now integrated into the Greater Nuremberg Transport Association. The full length of the five current lines is about 277.6 kilometres.
Friedrich-Ebert-Platz station is a Nuremberg U-Bahn station. It was the northern terminus of the U3 line from its opening on 10 December 2011 until 2017, when the extension towards Nordwestring opened. It offers interchange to Tramway line 4. Like Aufseßplatz, Hauptbahnhof and Plärrer orange tiles were used in the walls of this station to indicate a possible future interchange station. However, as of 2021 no such interchange to another subway line is planned for the foreseeable future.
The U1 is an underground line in Nuremberg. The first part of the line was opened on 1 March 1972. It is about 18.5 kilometres (11.5 mi) long and has 27 stations. The termini are Langwasser Süd in the southeast and Fürth Hardhöhe in the northwest. Until 11 December 2016 it shared tracks with the former booster line U11 between Eberhardshof and Messe. Those services are still run but no longer designated U11, instead being signed U1 like trains doing the full Langwasser-Hardhöhe run. Unlike U2 and U3 all trains are operated by a driver and there are no plans to automate U1.
The U3 is an underground line in Nuremberg. The line was opened on 14 June 2008. It is about 9.2 kilometres (5.7 mi) long, making it the shortest in the system. The number of stations is 14. The termini are Nordwestring and Großreuth. U 3 trains are run driverless and have been since the opening of the line. U3 shares part of its route with the older U2. Due to the circuitous horseshoe-shaped route, U3 is not always the fastest public transit option between its stations. For example, the buses that run along B4R are - per the official schedules - faster for getting from Nordwestring to Gustav Adolf Straße and the tramway line 4 is faster for getting from Friedrich Ebert Platz to Plärrer than the respective U3 connection.
The A line is the north-to-south main line of the Frankfurt U-Bahn. It is the oldest and longest line of the U-Bahn system. Served by four routes starting at Südbahnhof Railway Station in Sachsenhausen, the A line runs through downtown Frankfurt up to Heddernheim Station in the north of the city, where it branches out to Ginnheim, Oberursel (U3), Riedberg and Bad Homburg (U2). The U9 service between Ginnheim, Riedberg and Nieder-Eschbach does not use the central section and tunnels of the line, making it the only light rail service of the network that does not serve downtown Frankfurt. The Riedberg and Ginnheim branches were planned as parts of the future D line subway but are operationally part of the A line until the D line development and construction is finished.
The Nuremberg tramway network is a network of tramways forming part of the public transport system in Nuremberg, a city in the federal state of Bavaria, Germany. The system reached the neighboring city of Fürth from its opening year to almost a century later when construction of the U1 subway line led to the withdrawal of tram service to and within Fürth. During that era and referring to it historically in literature or nostalgic activities, the system was known as “Nürnberg-Fürther Straßenbahn“. For example, a local association dedicated to preserving the history and heritage of the tram network as well as old rolling stock calls itself “Freunde der Nürnberg-Fürther Straßenbahn“ The system is planned to cross the municipal boundaries of Nuremberg once more, if and when the extension to Erlangen and from there to Herzogenaurach dubbed "Stadtumlandbahn" opens.
Line U1 is a line on the Vienna U-Bahn metro system. Opened in 1978, it currently has 24 stations and a total length of 19.3 km (12.0 mi), from Oberlaa to Leopoldau. When the extension to Oberlaa was completed in 2017, the line became the longest on the network, surpassing the length of U6.
The Stammstrecke 2 of the Munich U-Bahn is one of three main routes in the subway network of the Bavarian capital Munich. It runs from north to south, as well as east, and is currently operated by the underground U1 and U2 lines. Since 12 December 2011, the U7 line runs during high traffic times and since 15 December 2013 the U8 line assists on Saturdays. The U1 and U2 lines only run together on one route, in the central inner city area, before and after that, they are branched away from each other. The main line 2 has a total length of 33.8 kilometers and 38 underground stations. It runs exclusively in the city of Munich and completely in the tunnel.
The Stammstrecke 1 of the Munich U-Bahn is the first, of a total of three realized main routes, in the subway network of the Bavarian capital Munich. It runs mainly in north–south direction and is currently used by the two subway lines, the U3 and U6. Also, since 15 December 2013, the additional amplifier line, the U8, runs on Saturdays on the section Olympiazentrum-Scheidplatz. Between the subway stations Münchner Freiheit and Implerstraße, the lines U3 and U6 run on the same route, before, or after which they branch off and the two lines are then run each on a separate route. The mainline 1 has a total length of 41 kilometers and passes 42 subway stations. It does not run exclusively in Munich urban areas, but for a distance of about eight kilometers in the northern area of Garching. A large part of the northern section of the U6 runs above ground, the remaining part completely in tunnels.
The Verkehrs-Aktiengesellschaft Nürnberg is the municipal company responsible for operating the U-Bahn, trams, and buses throughout the city of Nuremberg, in the state of Bavaria, Germany. VAG is a wholly owned subsidiary of Städtischen Werke Nürnberg, and a member of the Verkehrsverbund Großraum Nürnberg.