Umbrina canariensis | |
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Scientific classification ![]() | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Actinopterygii |
Order: | Acanthuriformes |
Family: | Sciaenidae |
Genus: | Umbrina |
Species: | U. canariensis |
Binomial name | |
Umbrina canariensis Valenciennes, 1843 [2] | |
Synonyms [3] | |
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Umbrina canariensis, the Canary drum is a warm water, marine fish of the family Sciaenidae which is found in the western Mediterranean, eastern Atlantic Ocean and western Indian Ocean. Other English vernacular names are tesselfish, baardman, checker drum, common baardman, tasselfish and bellman.
Umbrina canariensis has a rather short, deeply compressed body with a small downward facing mouth and a short rigid barbell on the chin. The caudal fin is straight edges or sometimes shows a slight s-shape. Most of its scales are ctenoid, except for those on the snout and around the eye, which are cycloid. The colour varies from greyish-silver to darkish with longitudinal dark lines along the back and the higher portion of the sides, these often extend on to the head, [4] becoming obscure as the fish matures. [2] The distal portions of the fins is dark grey to black; while the membranes on rear edge of the gill covers is dark brown. They are normally 40 cm in standard length but can be up to 63 cm. [4] The maximum total length is 80 cm. [2]
Umbrina canariensis occursin the western Mediterranean, as far east as the Sicilian Channel [5] and northeastern Atlantic to the Canary Islands, along most of the western African coastline from Gibraltar to central Namibia. It is uncommon in northern Namibia and absent off southern Namibia and the west coast of South Africa caused by the cold Benguela Upwelling System. In the Western Indian Ocean it occurs from False Bay in Western Cape to Mozambique, it has also been reported from Pakistan. [1]
Umbrina canariensis is found in the waters of the continental shelf and upper slope waters, ranging from 50m to 300m in depth, over mud and sand substrates; the juvenile fish are found nearer the shore. [4] It occurs near the shore in the surf zone and also out to more than 400m from the shore, and can also be found over rocky bottoms and in reefs below the low water mark. [1]
Umbrina canariensis feeds on small shrimps, worms and other benthic invertebrates. [2] Spawning is from late spring into the early autumn in Europe. [4] The transparent, buoyant eggs are scattered and left unguarded in open water. [2]
Umbrina canariensis is caught with bottom trawls, fixed bottom nets and line gear. The combined catch of croakers, U. canariensis and Pseudotolithus typus reported from Angola in 2001 was approximately 9000 tons. [6] The fish are sold fresh or dried and salted. [2] In South Africa it is considered to be of low importance and is a bycatch in the trawl fisheries for sole and hake as a result of its low monetary value which means that landings are infrequently reported in catch returns and stock assessment of U. canariensis in the two areas where it is most abundant indicate that the species is not overexploited. In Ghana between 2001 and 2008 the reported catches of Sciaenidae species (including U. canariensis) ranged from 593 to 1,837t. [1]
Sciaenidae is a family of ray-finned fishes belonging to the order Acanthuriformes. They are commonly called drums or croakers in reference to the repetitive throbbing or drumming sounds they make. The family consists of about 293 to 298 species in about 66 or 67 genera.
Argyrosomus regius, also known as the meagre, croaker, jewfish, shade-fish, sowa, kir, corvina, salmon-bass or stone bass, is a species of fish of the family Sciaenidae. This large fish has a pearly-silver to brownish coloration and a yellow-coloured mouth. It is native to the eastern Atlantic Ocean, as well as the Mediterranean and Black Seas.
Micropogonias is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sciaenidae, the drums and croakers. These fishes are found in the eastern Pacific and western Atlantic Oceans.
The striped croaker, also known as the St Lucian corvina, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sciaenidae, the drums and croakers. This species is found in the western Atlantic Ocean in the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico.
Pseudotolithus is a genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sciaenidae, the drums or croakers. The species in this genus are found in the Eastern Atlantic Ocean.
The brown meagre or corb is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sciaenidae, the drums and croakers. This species found in, the eastern Atlantic, Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea occurring in shallow waters and sandy bottoms. It is harvested for human consumption, especially in the Mediterranean.
Johnius amblycephalus, the bearded croaker, also known as the green-backed croaker or sharp-nosed jewfish, is a marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sciaenidae, the drums and croakers. This fish is found in the Indian and Pacific Oceans.
Umbrina is a genus of fish from the croaker family Sciaenidae. The genus contains 17 species occurring in tropical and warm temperate waters of the Atlantic, the Mediterranean, the Western Indian Ocean and the eastern Pacific.
Umbrina cirrosa, the shi drum, is a species of marine fish from the warmer waters of the eastern Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea. It is a commercially important species which is trawled for and farmed in aquaculture, as well as being a species pursued by anglers and spear fishermen for sport. The alternative vernacular names are gurbell, sea crow, bearded umbrine and corb.
Umbrina ronchus, the fusca drum, slender baardman, roncador, fusca croaker or slender tasselfish, is a species of croaker or drum from the family Sciaenidae which is found in the western Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.
Atractoscion is a genus of marine ray-finned fished belonging to the family Sciaenidae, the drums and croakers. The fishes in this genus are found in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans.
Argyrosomus inodorus, the mild meagre or silver kob, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sciaenidae, the drums and croakers. The species is found off southern Africa where it is an important target species for hook and line fisheries.
Nibea is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sciaenidae, the drums and croakers. The species in this genus are found in the Indo-West Pacific region.
Pseudotolithus senegalensis, the cassava drum, is a large fish found on the coast of West Africa. It can grow up to a maximum length of 114 cm with a common length of about 50 cm for adults. It is known as cassava croaker or croaker in some parts of West Africa.
Odontoscion dentex, the reef croaker or brown large-eyed croaker, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sciaenidae, the drums and croakers. It is found in coral and rocky reefs of the tropical Western Atlantic, living as solitary individuals or in small groups at a depth of 1 to 30 m. This species feeds on small fish, shrimp, and larvae.
The Rio Grande marine ecoregion covers the waters offshore of the southern Brazilian states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina. The ecoregion stretches along 500 miles of sandy beach coast, and 200 miles out to sea. The warm Brazil Current flows south through the region in parallel with the coast. The continental shelf is smooth and flat, with the bottom mostly sand and mud. Overfishing is a problem, but marine life in recent years has benefited from measures such as a 2018 ban on motorized shrimp trawler fishing within 12 miles of the Rio Grande do Sul coast. The Rio Grande ecoregion is one of four coastal marine ecoregions in the Warm Temperate Southwestern Atlantic marine province. It is thus part of the Temperate South America realm. .
Ctenosciaena is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sciaenidae, the drums and croakers. These fishes are found in the Western Atlantic and southeastern Pacific Oceans.
Micropogonias furnieri, the whitemouth croaker, golden croaker, hardhead, mangrove snapper, rocandoronco, two-belly bashaw, West Indian croaker, West Indian drum or whitemouth drummer, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sciaenidae, the drums and croakers. This fish is found in the western Atlantic Ocean.
Odontoscion is a genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sciaenidae, the croakers and drums. These fishes are found in the Western Atlantic and Eastern Pacific Oceans.
The boe drum is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sciaenidae, the drums and croakers. It is the only species in the monospecific genus Pteroscion. The boe drum is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean off western coast of Africa.