Victory Medal (United Kingdom)

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Victory Medal 1914–19
Victory-Obverse.jpg Victory-Reverse.jpg
Obverse and reverse of the medal
Type Campaign medal
Awarded forCampaign service.
DescriptionBronze disk, 36mm diameter.
Presented by United Kingdom / British Empire
EligibilityBritish and Imperial forces.
Campaign(s)First World War 1914–1920
Clasps None
Established1 September 1919
TotalCirca 5,725,000 [1]
Ribbon - Victory Medal.png
Ribbon bar
Ribbon - Victory Medal MID.png
Ribbon bar with mention in despatches emblem
Precedence
Equivalent Victory Medal (South Africa)
Related
Victory Medal awarded to Late Kripamay Bose, of Beliatore, West Bengal, India Victory Medal awarded to LATE KRIPAMAY BOSE (INDIA).jpg
Victory Medal awarded to Late Kripamay Bose, of Beliatore, West Bengal, India

The Victory Medal (also called the Inter-Allied Victory Medal) is a United Kingdom and British Empire First World War campaign medal.

Contents

The award of a common allied campaign medal was recommended by an inter-allied committee in March 1919. [2] Each allied nation would design a 'Victory Medal' for award to their own nationals, all issues having certain common features, including a winged figure of victory on the obverse and the same ribbon. [1] Fourteen countries finally awarded the medal.

Eligibility

The Victory Medal (United Kingdom) was issued to all those who received the 1914 Star or the 1914–15 Star, and to most of those who were awarded the British War Medal. It was not awarded singly. [3]

To qualify, recipients need to have served in the armed forces of the United Kingdom or the British Empire, or with certain recognised voluntary organisations, and have entered any theatre of war between 5 August 1914 and 11 November 1918. While home service did not count, United Kingdom based members of the RAF who were actively engaged in the air against the enemy did qualify, as did those who flew new planes to France. [1] Women qualified for this and other First World War campaign medals while serving in nursing and auxiliary forces in a theatre of war. [4]

It was also awarded for mine clearance in the North Sea between 11 November 1918 and 30 November 1919 and for participation in the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War up to 1 July 1920. [5]

Description

Winged Victory statue, Victoria Memorial, London Winged Victory, Victoria Memorial, London.jpg
Winged Victory statue, Victoria Memorial, London
Obverse of the medal, with ribbon. Medal, campaign (AM 800720-1).jpg
Obverse of the medal, with ribbon.

Nicknames

The three First World War medals, either one of the 1914 Star or the 1914–15 Star, the British War Medal and the Victory Medal, were collectively irreverently referred to as Pip, Squeak and Wilfred , after three comic strip characters, a dog, a penguin and a rabbit, which were popular in the immediate post-war era. Pip represented either of the two Stars, Squeak represented the British War Medal and Wilfred represented the Victory Medal. [10]

When only the British War Medal and Victory Medal were worn together, they were referred to as Mutt and Jeff , after contemporary newspaper comic strip characters. [11]

Order of wear

The order of wear of medals awarded for service during the First World War is as follows: [12]

International award

In March 1919 a committee in Paris comprising representatives from the various allied powers recommended the award of an inter-allied campaign medal of common design, [2] thereby avoiding the need for allied nations to exchange campaign medals. [4] Each allied country designed its own version, following certain common criteria. The medal was to be in bronze with a 36 mm diameter, having a winged figure of victory on the obverse, a common inscription on the reverse and suspension by a double rainbow design ribbon. [2] Japan and Siam replaced the figure of victory, since a winged victory symbol was not culturally relevant. [13]

The following versions were finally awarded: [14]

CountryDesignerManufacturerNumber issued
Belgium Paul Du Bois (1859–1938)-----300,000–350,000
Brazil Jorge Soubre (1890-1934) Casa da MoedaRio de Janeiro approximately 2,500
Cuba Charles CharlesEtablissements Chobillon6,000–7,000
Czechoslovakia Otakar Španiel (1881-1955) Kremnice Mintapproximately 89,500
France Pierre-Alexandre Morlon (1878–1951) Monnaie de Paris approximately 2,000,000
France [15] Charles CharlesEtablissements Chobillon-----
France [15]
  • M. Pautot
  • Louis Octave Mattei
----------
Greece Henry-Eugène Nocq (1868–1944)V. Canaleapproximately 200,000
Italy Gaetano Orsolini (1884–1954)
  • Sacchini-Milano
  • S.Johnson-Milano
  • F. M. Lorioli & Castelli-Milano
approximately 2,000,000
Japan [16] Shoukichi Hata Osaka Mint approximately 700,000
Poland [17] No medal establishedModern 'fantasy' pieces only-----
Portugal João Da Silva (1880–1960)Da Costaapproximately 100,000
Romania .... Kristesko-----approximately 300,000
Siam (Thailand) [18] Itthithepsan Kritakara (1890-1935)-----approximately 1,500
South Africa [19] William McMillan (1887–1977)Woolwich Arsenalapproximately 75,000
United Kingdom [20] William McMillan (1887–1977)
Circa 5,725,000 [1]
United States James Earle Fraser (1876–1953)
  • Arts Metal Works Inc.
  • S. G. Adams Stamp & Stationary Co.
  • Jos. Mayer Inc.
approximately 2,500,000

See also

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">British War Medal</span> Award

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Territorial Force Efficiency Medal</span> Award

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Territorial War Medal</span> Award

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Africa General Service Medal</span> Award

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ashanti Medal</span> Award

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kabul to Kandahar Star</span> Award

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">1914–1918 Inter-Allied Victory medal</span> French commemorative medal

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Victory Medal (South Africa)</span> Award

The Victory Medal (South Africa) is the Union of South Africa's version of the Victory Medal (United Kingdom), a First World War campaign medal of Britain and her colonies and dominions. The medal, never awarded singly, was awarded to all those South Africans who were awarded the 1914–15 Star or the British War Medal.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Hayward; Birch; Bishop (2006). British Battles and Medals (7th ed.). London: Spink. pp. 508–511. ISBN   1-902040-77-5.
  2. 1 2 3 "The Type I Victory Medal 1914–19". Richard Flory. Orders & Medals Research Society Journal, September 2009, page 145
  3. "The British campaign medals for the Great War". The Long, Long Trail. Archived from the original on 27 February 2008. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
  4. 1 2 Dorling, H. Taprell (1956). Ribbons and Medals. London: A. H. Baldwin & Sons. pp. 90–91. OCLC   930416375.
  5. "Victory Medal, award criteria". North East Medals. Retrieved 7 June 2018.
  6. "The Type I Victory Medal 1914–19". Richard Flory. Orders & Medals Research Society Journal, September 2009, pages 144–152.
  7. 1 2 Mussell, John (ed.). Medal Yearbook 2015. Honiton, Devon: Token Publishing. p. 179.
  8. "British First World War Service Medals". Imperial War Museum. Accessed 7 July 2018.
  9. Duckers, Peter (2010). British Gallantry Awards 1855–2000. Oxford: Shire Publications. pp. 54–55. ISBN   978-0-7478-0516-8.
  10. "Pip, Squeak and Wilfred". First World War.com. Retrieved 7 June 2018.
  11. "A Guide to British Campaign Medals of WW1". The Great War 1914–1918.
  12. "No. 38663". The London Gazette (Supplement). 12 July 1949. p. 3404.
  13. "Inter-allied Victory Medals" . Retrieved 9 July 2018.
  14. The interallied victory medals of World War I by Alexander J. Laslo, Dorado Publishing, Albuquerque. 1986 Edition.
  15. 1 2 Unofficial type.
  16. On the obverse the winged figure of Victory was replaced by a warrior holding a spear.
  17. Poland did not proceed with the manufacture of any medal. A medal exists that is a "fantasy" piece of modern manufacture.
  18. On the obverse the winged figure of Victory was replaced by Vishnu riding on Garuda.
  19. Same as the British version, but with the text on the reverse in English and Dutch.
  20. Awarded to British combatants and to those from the dominions of Canada, Australia, New Zealand and from the Indian Empire.

Bibliography