Vignette (road tax)

Last updated

Vignette is a form of road pricing imposed on vehicles, usually in addition to the compulsory road tax, based on a period of time the vehicle may use the road, instead of road tolls that are based on distance travelled. Vignettes are currently used in several European countries. The term originated in France in the 1950s, although vignettes there were not linked to motorway use and no longer exist; it is now used throughout Central Europe, as well as in Italy (vignetta).

Contents

Vignettes are used in Austria, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Moldova, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia and Switzerland. In most of these countries a small, coloured sticker is affixed to a vehicle windscreen, but in Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, Slovakia and since 2021 in Slovenia these have been superseded by electronic vignettes. In Moldova, vignettes are required for the use of any road, while in Bulgaria and Romania they are required for the use of any road outside urban areas. In the other countries, vignettes are required only for the use of motorways and expressways.

Prices for an annual vignette for passenger cars range from €30 to €150, depending on country. In all countries except Switzerland, short-period vignettes are sold for visiting or transiting vehicles. In Switzerland, visiting foreign motorists must buy an annual vignette to use the country's motorways. Vignettes can usually be obtained at border crossings, gas stations and other outlets. Improperly used or lost vignettes are usually not refunded. [1]

Vignette stickers are usually constructed in such a way that detaching and re-attaching them is impossible without destruction, ensuring that they cannot be used on more than one vehicle. Road traffic is often monitored by roadside cameras, and vignettes are verified by state officials, such as border guards and national police. Hefty cash fines are often charged to travelers using public roads without a valid and properly affixed vignette. Additional tolls are usually levied for passing through certain motorway tunnels and bridges. [2] In Austria a tunnel or bridge subject to a special toll (de:Sondermautstrecke) is in theory free of the vignette obligation, but in practice this is usually a moot point as access to many of them is via motorway only.

Vignette obligation by country

European Union

The Eurovignette Directive introduced in the European Union in 1993 governs road tolls for trucks of minimum 12 metric tonnes. [3] [4] An international agreement, based on Article 8 of the Eurovignette Directive, signed in 1994 by Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands established a common system of vignettes within the Eurovignette framework. [5] Sweden signed a protocol to accede to the agreement in 1997. [6] Germany denounced the agreement in 2017, while Belgium denounced it in 2019. [7]

Austria

Austrian vignette, valid for 10 days, starting on 4 April 2011. Osterreich Vignette.JPG
Austrian vignette, valid for 10 days, starting on 4 April 2011.

Since 1997, vignettes are required for all vehicles of up to 3.5 tonnes, driving on motorways and expressways (prefixed with letters A and S) under federal administration. Vignettes are overseen by the police and toll-sheriff employees of the federal motorway administration. A €240 fine with an additional obligatory payment of a substitute toll are charged to travelers without a valid vignette, and unpaid fines lead to penalties between €300 and €3,000. Furthermore, the vehicle may be confiscated from foreigners to guarantee payment of the penalty.

Additional tolls are charged for certain motorway sections where tollgates and video tolling systems are installed. Several sections require drivers to buy electronic toll cards. Vignettes for vehicles of over 3.5 tonnes were replaced with electronic distance-based highway-toll GO-Boxes on 1 January 2004. [2] Since 2019, electronic vignettes have been made available in addition to the traditional stickers.

The official website for buying Austrian digital vignettes is shop.asfinag.at.

Bulgaria

A vignette machine in Bulgaria VinetkaOtomat.jpg
A vignette machine in Bulgaria

Vignettes are required for all (except motorcycles) vehicles driving on all public roads, with the exception of streets in cities, towns and villages. Vignettes are usually valid from the time they are purchased, while some types can be marked to start from a future date. They can be obtained in Bulgaria at most gas stations, at border crossings, or online using a credit card. [8] Cash fines from €150 to €1,500 are charged to drivers without a valid vignette. [9] The vignette sticker was replaced by e-vignette on 1 January 2019, and an e-toll system is to be introduced in August 2019 for vehicles heavier than 3.5 tonnes. [10]

The official website for buying Bulgarian e-vignettes is bgtoll.bg.

Czech Republic

Vignette affixed on a car's windshield on the R-46 expressway in the Czech Republic. Tlumic narazu.jpg
Vignette affixed on a car's windshield on the R-46 expressway in the Czech Republic.

Vignettes are required for the use of motorways and expressways by all vehicles of up to 3.5 tonnes. Cash fines for not displaying a valid vignette affixed on a car's windshield range from €80 to €200. Vignettes for heavier vehicles were replaced with electronic toll collection in 2007. By 1 January 2021, the vignette stickers were replaced by digital vignettes. [11]

The official website for buying Czech electronic vignettes is edalnice.cz/.

Germany

Motorways and expressways are a toll-free road network for all lighter vehicles. The Eurovignette system for trucks was abolished in August 2003. A distance-based toll charge was introduced from 1 January 2005 for vehicles of over 12 tonnes, operated by the Toll Collect company.

As of 1 March 2007, all drivers are required to purchase an emission sticker when passing through low-emission zones in several cities and municipalities. Certain "green zones" have completely disallowed entrance to vehicles with higher particle emissions ("yellow" and "red" groups). Travellers passing through these areas without the sticker are charged with a €100 fine. [12]

Hungary

Motorway sign in Hungary. Electronic vignettes are checked by roadside cameras. Dijas Autopalya tabla.JPG
Motorway sign in Hungary. Electronic vignettes are checked by roadside cameras.

Vignettes are required for all vehicles on motorways and expressways. Physical toll stickers were replaced with electronic vignettes and video tolling on 1 January 2008, the only physical item the purchaser receives is a control coupon. Motorway usage entitlement is verified by roadside cameras based on license plate numbers, and drivers of vehicles up to 3.5 tonnes without a valid vignette are charged with cash fines between €50 and €200. [13]

The official website for buying Hungarian e-vignettes is nemzetiutdij.hu.

Moldova

Vignettes are obligatory for personal motor vehicles registered abroad, driving on public roads, and are available for purchase at border customs posts and offices. Foreign drivers without a valid vignette are charged with cash fines between €125 and €375. Heavier vehicles use existing tax rates, with commercial vehicle drivers paying a single-entry tax and a distance-based charge. [14]

Montenegro

Ecological-tax vignettes were abolished on 31 December 2011. Driving on public roads is generally toll-free, with the exception of passing through certain tunnels and bridges. [15]

Romania

Electronic Vignette Romania 2017 Electronic Vignette Romania 2017.jpg
Electronic Vignette Romania 2017

With the exception of motorcycles, vignettes are required for all vehicles driving on all national roads and motorways. Physical vignettes have been replaced with electronic ones since 1 October 2010. [16] They can be obtained at most gas stations, border crossings, or online using a credit card. Drivers without a valid vignette are fined with €100 or more. The fines are dispensed by automatic systems that scan the numberplate of the car when it exits a city. [2]

The official website for buying Romanian vignettes is roviniete.ro.

Slovakia

Vignettes are obligatory for all vehicles of up to 3.5 tonnes, driving on Slovak motorways. Drivers without a valid vignette are charged with cash fines between €100 and €500. Vignettes for heavier vehicles were replaced with distance-based electronic toll collection using the remote-operated toll-box in force since 2010. Special arrangements are to be sought by the motorbike riders. [2]

From 1 January 2016 Slovak vignettes are purchased and checked electronically via eZnamka.sk without a sticker.[ citation needed ]

Slovenia

Vignettes are required for all vehicles of up to 3.5 tonnes, driving on Slovenian motorways as of 1 July 2008. Drivers without a valid vignette are charged with cash fines between €300 and €800. On 1.4.2018, Slovenia implemented an electronic tolling of vehicles whose maximum permissible weight exceeds 3.5 tonnes. [1]

From 1 December 2021 Slovenian vignettes are purchased and checked electronically via evinjeta.dars.si without a sticker.[ citation needed ]

Switzerland

All travelers using motorways and expressways are required to purchase an annual vignette. Vignettes can be obtained in and outside of Switzerland in bordering countries at gas stations and labeled points. Use of motorway networks without a valid vignette is an offense against the Public Highways Act, and is punishable with cash fines of CHF 200, in addition to the obligatory purchase of an annual vignette. [1] Heavier vehicles use a distance-based tax rate on all types of roads, called the performance-related heavy vehicle charge  [ de; fr ].

Switzerland only offers a vignette valid for a year (from December of the preceding year to the January of the following year) at CHF 40 (€41.92). Because of this, its vignette is the most expensive in Europe for transiting and visiting passenger cars. Other countries offer short-term vignettes that make a transit or visit less expensive than in Switzerland. [17] [18] [1]

The official website for buying Swiss e-vignettes is e-vignette.ch.

United States of America

In many states in the USA, a validation sticker, also called "tag", has to be added to the rear license plate.[ citation needed ]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Toll road</span> Roadway for which a fee (or toll) is assessed for passage

A toll road, also known as a turnpike or tollway, is a public or private road for which a fee is assessed for passage. It is a form of road pricing typically implemented to help recoup the costs of road construction and maintenance.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Road pricing</span> Revenue generation for road infrastructure

Road pricing are direct charges levied for the use of roads, including road tolls, distance or time-based fees, congestion charges and charges designed to discourage the use of certain classes of vehicle, fuel sources or more polluting vehicles. These charges may be used primarily for revenue generation, usually for road infrastructure financing, or as a transportation demand management tool to reduce peak hour travel and the associated traffic congestion or other social and environmental negative externalities associated with road travel such as air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, visual intrusion, noise pollution and road traffic collisions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Open road tolling</span> Boothless toll collecting

Open road tolling (ORT), also called all-electronic tolling, cashless tolling, or free-flow tolling, is the collection of tolls on toll roads without the use of toll booths. An electronic toll collection system is usually used instead. The major advantage to ORT is that users are able to drive through the toll plaza at highway speeds without having to slow down to pay the toll. In some installations, ORT may also reduce congestion at the plazas by allowing more vehicles per hour/per lane.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Highways in Hungary</span> Numbered system of roads in Hungary

Controlled-access highways in Hungary are dual carriageways, grade separated with controlled-access, designed for high speeds. The legislation amendments define two types of highways: motorways and expressways.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">M30 motorway (Hungary)</span> Road in Hungary

The M30 motorway is a Hungarian motorway that connects the M3 motorway to the Slovak R4 expressway near the border town of Tornyosnémeti via Miskolc, forming part of European routes E71 and E79. The first section opened to the public in 2002, and reached the border area in October 2021.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">European route E59</span> Road in trans-European E-road network

European route E 59 is a north-south Class-A intermediate European route. It begins in Prague, Czech Republic, passes through Vienna, Austria and Maribor, Slovenia, ending near Zagreb, Croatia. The total length of the route is 644 km (400 mi). The E59 largely consists of motorways but some sections are developed either as expressways or two-lane roads with at-grade intersections. The motorway sections are generally tolled through varying systems and rates. Individual segments of the E59 route are shared with several other European routes. Originally, the route extended through Bihać, Bosnia and Herzegovina to Split, Croatia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Autobahns of Austria</span>

The Austrian autobahns are controlled-access highways in Austria. They are officially called Bundesstraßen A (Bundesautobahnen) under the authority of the Federal Government according to the Austrian Federal Road Act (Bundesstraßengesetz), not to be confused with the former Bundesstraßen highways maintained by the Austrian states since 2002.

Switzerland has a two-class highway system: motorways with separated roads for oncoming traffic and a standard maximal speed limit of 120 kilometres per hour (75 mph), and expressways often with oncoming traffic and a standard maximal speed limit of 100 kilometres per hour (62 mph).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Toll roads in Europe</span> Overview of toll roads in Europe

A toll road is a road over which users may travel over on payment of a toll, or fee. Tolls are a form of use tax that pays for the cost of road construction and maintenance, without raising taxes on non-users. Investor's bonds necessary for the construction of the roads are issued and sold with the expectation that the bonds will be paid back with user tolls. The toll roads may be run by government agencies that have bond issuing authority and/or private companies that sell bonds or have other sources of finance. Toll roads are usually a government guaranteed road monopoly that guarantees limited or no competing roads will be built by government agencies for the duration of the bonds. Private toll roads built with money raised from private investors in expectation of making money from the tolls probably dominated early toll roads. Government sponsored toll roads often guarantee a minimum payment to the bond holders if traffic volume and toll collections are less than predicted. If the toll authority is a private company there is often a maximum amount of fees that they may extract from users. Toll road operators are typically responsible for maintaining the roads. After the bonds are paid off the road typically reverts to the government agency that authorized the road and owns the land it was built on. Like most government taxes it is not unusual for tolls to continue to be charged after the bonds have been paid off.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Video tolling</span> Form of electronic toll collection

Video tolling is a form of electronic toll collection that uses video or still images of a vehicle's license plate to identify a vehicle liable to pay a road toll. The system dispenses with collection of road tolls using road-side cash or payment card methods, and may be used in conjunction with "all electronic" open road tolling, to permit drivers without an RFID device to use the toll road.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Driving in Slovenia</span>

Driving in Slovenia can be performed by licensed individuals over the age of 18. Vehicles drive on the right side of the road in Slovenia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Highways in Slovakia</span>

Highways in Slovakia are divided into motorways and expressways.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Highways in Bulgaria</span>

Highways in Bulgaria are dual carriageways, grade separated with controlled-access, designed for high speeds. In 2012, legislation amendments defined two types of highways: motorways and expressways. The main differences are that motorways have emergency lanes and the maximum allowed speed limit is 140 km/h (87 mph), while expressways do not and the speed limit is 120 km/h (75 mph). As of October 2023, a total of 879,1 kilometers of motorways are in service.

In Slovakia, taxes are levied by the state and local governments. Tax revenue stood at 19.3% of the country's gross domestic product in 2021. The tax-to-GDP ratio in Slovakia deviates from OECD average of 34.0% by 0.8 percent and in 2022 was 34.8% which ranks Slovakia 19th in the tax-to-GDP ratio comparison among the OECD countries. The most important revenue sources for the state government are income tax, social security, value-added tax and corporate tax.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">M85 expressway (Hungary)</span> Road in Hungary

The M85 expressway is a Hungarian expressway connecting Győr to Sopron. It will eventually connect M1 motorway to the Austrian border.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">M70 motorway (Hungary)</span> Road in Hungary

The M70 motorway is a motorway in Hungary, connecting the M7 motorway to the A5 motorway in Slovenia. The road is 21 km long and has a speed limit of 130 km/h. The last section was completed in 2006. After the opening of the last missing sections of the M7 on August 19, 2008, there is a direct motorway link from Budapest to Slovenia. The expressway originally consisted of two lanes between Letenye and Tornyiszentmiklós interchanges. As a four-lane, full profile motorway, it opened on December 13, 2019. It was built by the Colas Group.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">M2 expressway (Hungary)</span> Road in Hungary

The M2 expressway is a toll highway in northern Hungary, connecting Budapest to Vác and Banská Bystrica. The first section of the highway opened in 1996. It follows the route of the old Route 2 one-lane highway. The total length of the motorway now is 30 km.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">M25 expressway (Hungary)</span> Road in Hungary

The M25 expressway is a short north–south highway in Hungary. It connects the M3 motorway to the city of Eger.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "[:de]Online Vignetten kaufen für Europa - Tolltickets | Tolltickets[:en]Toll & Vignette for Europe buy online | tolltickets GmbH[:fr]Tolltickets | Paquets de péage | Péage via Alexa[:]". TOLLTICKETS. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Motorway tolls in Europe 2021 - dalnicni-znamky.com". www.dalnicni-znamky.com. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  3. ↑ "Charging of heavy goods vehicles: Eurovignette Directive". Eur-Lex . Retrieved 26 January 2019.
  4. ↑ "Council Directive 93/89/EEC of 25 October 1993 on the application by Member States of taxes on certain vehicles used for the carriage of goods by road and tolls and charges for the use of certain infrastructures". Official Journal of the European Union . 12 November 1993. Retrieved 26 January 2019.
  5. ↑ "Agreement on the levying of charges for the use of certain roads by heavy goods vehicles". Government of the Netherlands. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
  6. ↑ "Protocol concerning the accession of the Kingdom of Sweden to the Agreement on the levying of charges for the use of certain roads by heavy goods vehicles". Government of the Netherlands. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
  7. ↑ "CC 101 Federal Constitution of the Swiss Confederation of 18 April 1999, Art. 4 National languages" (official site). Berne, Switzerland: The federal Council. 1 January 2018. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
  8. ↑ "БГТОЛ". web.bgtoll.bg. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  9. ↑ "Vignettes in Bulgaria - Tax law in bulgaria". www.bulgaria-tax-law.bg. Retrieved 30 August 2021.
  10. ↑ "Тол-системата тръгва на 16 август 2019 г." (in Bulgarian). capital.bg. Retrieved 16 July 2018.
  11. ↑ "Czech Motorways > Stickers (< 3.5 t)". www.motorway.cz. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  12. ↑ "The German Emissions Sticker: everything you need to know". www.germanemissionssticker.com. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  13. ↑ Hungary e-vignette
  14. ↑ News on road tax in Moldova Archived 19 February 2013 at archive.today
  15. ↑ Europe travel advice
  16. ↑ "Electronic vignette in Romania starting with 1st October 2010 - UNTRR". National Union of Road Hauliers from Romania. Retrieved 20 August 2015.
  17. ↑ Raaflaub, Christian (11 October 2013). "Motorway tax price hike causes controversy". Swissinfo.ch. Archived from the original on 22 May 2018. Retrieved 20 May 2018. It was introduced in 1985 at a cost of CHF30 and this was increased to CHF40 in 1995, a level where it has remained ever since. (...) Other countries which have a motorway tax sticker allow people to buy a cheaper, short-term vignette if they only use their motorways for a short time.
  18. ↑ Raaflaub, Christian. "Soll die Autobahn-Vignette teurer werden?". SWI swissinfo.ch (in German). Archived from the original on 25 May 2018. Retrieved 27 May 2018. Alle anderen Länder mit Vignettenpflicht bieten die Möglichkeit an, ihre Autobahnen für kurze Zeit zu einem tieferen Preis zu nutzen.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.