Warblington | |
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An older house in Warblington, which was partly destroyed by fire in May 2011 | |
Location within Hampshire | |
OS grid reference | SU725065 |
District | |
Shire county | |
Region | |
Country | England |
Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
Post town | HAVANT |
Postcode district | PO9 |
Dialling code | 023 |
Police | Hampshire and Isle of Wight |
Fire | Hampshire and Isle of Wight |
Ambulance | South Central |
UK Parliament | |
Warblington is a suburb of Havant, in the county of Hampshire, England. Warblington used to be a civil parish, and before that was part of the Hundred of Bosmere. [1]
In Saxon times there was a farm (OE: tun) possibly owned by a woman called OE: Wæ̃rblið who gave her name to the village. [2] There are some alternatives eg: 'the farm (OE: tun) of Wæ̃rblealds'. [3]
The current Warblington Castle Farm occupies the approximate site of the original farm. [2]
In prehistoric and early historical times the River Ems was tidal as far as Westbourne and the Westbrook creek reached to Victoria Road, leaving Emsworth almost isolated at high tide. A coastal route developed that led from Hayling Island through Havant and Rowlands Castle to the South Downs. A part of the coastal route followed the Portsdown ridgeway and from Chichester to Belmont Hill in Bedhampton probably skirted the heads of the various creeks which entered the harbour, passing through country still covered with the original thick forest of oak and beech. [4]
In Roman times a villa existed to the south of the road to Noviomagus Reginorum in the fields of what is now Warblington Castle Farm. Archaeological finds show that the building was a sizeable brick and stone edifice, with floors paved with red brick and coloured sandstone and a view of the harbour and wooded shores of Hayling Island. The fertile landscape suggests the area to have been under continuous cultivation for 1500-1800 years. [4]
After the departure of the Romans, Warblington became part of Meonwara , an area that was settled by Jutes and according to the Venerable Bede :
" Those who came over were of the three most powerful nations of Germany—Saxons, Angles, and Jutes. From the Jutes are descended the people of Kent, and of the Isle of Wight, and those also in the province of the West Saxons who are to this day called Jutes, seated opposite to the Isle of Wight."
— Bede 1910, 1.15
In the 7th century Meonwara was absorbed into the Kingdom of Wessex and Saint Birinius converted Wessex to Christianity. In Warblington the Anglo-Saxons constructed a church where they could worship. The current St Thomas à Becket Church, Warblington occupies the same site as the old church and still retains some elements of the old structure. [5] [6] [7]
Charters were granted by Kings Æthelstan and Æthelred in AD 935 [lower-alpha 1] and 980 [lower-alpha 2] establishing and confirming boundaries of Warblington. [8] From AD 980-1066 the manor was held by Godwin, Earl of Wessex and his son Harold Godwinson. [9]
After the Norman Conquest, the Manor of Warblington was given to Roger de Montgomery, Earl of Shrewsbury as part of the manor of Westbourne. The Domesday Book lists the latter with two churches (one of the churches was actually at Westbourne), a mill, 29 families and two slaves (about 120 people). There were also seven plough teams, indicating about 850 acres (340 ha) of land under cultivation. [10]
In the 1400s, the people were removed and the area became a private deer park for Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick who then owned the manor. [11]
The village originally was the site of a moated manor, built between 1515 and 1525, by Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury. Margaret was arrested in the manor at the end of 1538 for her part in the so-called Exeter Conspiracy. Two and half years later she was executed and the Manor of Warblington was granted to Sir Richard Cotton by Edward VI. In October 1551, Mary of Guise the widow of James V of Scotland stayed a night in the manor as a guest of Cotton. The building, now known as Warblington Castle, was mostly destroyed in 1644, during the English Civil War. All that remains is a single gate tower, part of a wall, and a gateway. Located north of the church, the tower is the locality's most distinctive landmark, and probably avoided destruction so that it could remain as a navigational landmark. [12] [13] [14]
The Imperial Gazetteer of 1870-1872 described Warblington as having a population of 2,196 as of 1861 and mentioned that the "church is Saxon". [15]
The parish church of St Thomas à Becket is part of a joint parish with the church of St James, Emsworth. [16] The oldest part of the church is the small central tower, which is Saxon and was built in the 11th century. In 1967 Pevsner and Lloyd described St Thomas à Becket church as essentially late 12th century and notes the "undisturbed" setting. [14] [17]
A cemetery, the ruins of Grade II listed Warblington Castle, on private property, the Grade I Listed St Thomas à Becket Church, Warblington [18] a Grade II listed Old Farmhouse, [19] and the Grade II listed Old Rectory [20] are all within the boundaries of the Warblington Conservation Area. [21]
Warblington railway station was opened on 1 November 1906, by the then London, Brighton and South Coast Railway. It was initially named "Denville Halt" but was renamed as "Warblington Halt" about one month after it opened. From 1969 the station has been known as "Warblington" and is part of the West Coastway Line that runs from Brighton to Southampton. [22]
Warblington contains a large secondary school (Warblington School) but no primary school. [23]
Green Pond Corner used to be the local pond. The "corner group" also included Warblington House and Warblington Farm according to records from 1870. [24] The pond was covered over around 1920 and now hosts the One Stop corner shop and local glass and fabric recycling point. [25]
In 1931 the civil parish had a population of 4321. [26] On 1 April 1932 the parish was abolished and merged with Havant and Rowlands Castle. [27] It is now in the unparished area of Havant and Waterloo, in the Havant district.
Emsworth is a town in the Borough of Havant in the county of Hampshire, on the south coast of England near the border with West Sussex. It lies at the north end of an arm of Chichester Harbour, a large and shallow inlet from the English Channel, and is equidistant between Portsmouth and Chichester.
Hampshire is a ceremonial county in South East England. It is bordered by Berkshire to the north, Surrey and West Sussex to the east, the Isle of Wight across the Solent to the south, Dorset to the west, and Wiltshire to the north-west. The cities of Southampton and Portsmouth are the largest settlements and the county town is the city of Winchester.
The Jutes were one of the Germanic tribes who settled in Great Britain after the departure of the Romans. According to Bede, they were one of the three most powerful Germanic nations, along with the Angles and the Saxons:
Those who came over were of the three most powerful nations of Germany—Saxons, Angles, and Jutes. From the Jutes are descended the people of Kent, and of the Isle of Wight, and those also in the province of the West Saxons who are to this day called Jutes, seated opposite to the Isle of Wight.
Havant is a town in the south-east corner of Hampshire, England, between Portsmouth and Chichester. Its borough comprises the town (45,826), the resort of Hayling Island, the town of Waterlooville, and the town of Emsworth. Housing and population more than doubled in the 20 years following World War II, a period of major conversion of land from agriculture and woodland to housing across the region following the incendiary bombing of Portsmouth and the Blitz.
Carisbrooke Castle is a historic motte-and-bailey castle located in the village of Carisbrooke, Isle of Wight, England. Charles I was imprisoned at the castle in the months prior to his trial.
Cædwalla was the King of Wessex from approximately 685 until he abdicated in 688. His name is derived from the Welsh Cadwallon. He was exiled from Wessex as a youth and during this period gathered forces and attacked the South Saxons, killing their king, Æthelwealh, in what is now Sussex. Cædwalla was unable to hold the South Saxon territory, however, and was driven out by Æthelwealh's ealdormen. In either 685 or 686, he became King of Wessex. He may have been involved in suppressing rival dynasties at this time, as an early source records that Wessex was ruled by underkings until Cædwalla.
Cenwalh, also Cenwealh or Coenwalh, was King of Wessex from c. 642 to c. 645 and from c. 648 until his death, according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, in c. 672.
Hampshire is a county in Southern England with some notable archaeology and many notable historic buildings.
The Isle of Wight is rich in historical and archaeological sites, from prehistoric fossil beds with dinosaur remains, to dwellings and artefacts dating back to the Bronze Age, Iron Age, and Roman periods.
Æthelwealh was ruler of the ancient South Saxon kingdom from before 674 till his death between 680 and 685. He was baptised in Mercia, becoming the first Christian king of Sussex. He was killed by a West Saxon prince, Cædwalla, who eventually became king of Wessex.
Westbourne is a village, civil parish and electoral ward in the Chichester District of West Sussex, England. It is located 0.5 miles (0.80 km) north east of Emsworth. The parish includes the hamlets of Woodmancote and Aldsworth, and once included the settlements of Southbourne and Prinsted to the south.
The River Ems is a much-sluiced, six miles (9.7 km) river that is located in the far west of the county of West Sussex, England.The last one and a half miles (2.4 km), of this river, delimits eastern Hampshire, before flowing into the sea at Chichester Harbour.
Wihtwara was the kingdom founded on the Isle of Wight, a 147-square-mile (380 km2) island off the south coast of England, during the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain. The name was derived from the Jutish name Wihtwara. Its capital was a fort named Wihtwarasburgh. It has been suggested that the modern-day village of Carisbrooke was built on top of Wihtwarasburgh due to the fact that they share their location. It has also been suggested that Wihtwarasburgh was built on top of a pre-existing Roman fort, but this has not been proven.
Colemore is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Colemore and Priors Dean, in the East Hampshire district, in the county of Hampshire, England. It is in the Hampshire Downs about 5 miles (8 km) northwest of Petersfield. In 1931 the parish had a population of 72. On 1 April 1932 the parish was abolished and merged with Priors Dean to form "Colemore and Priors Dean".
The Meonwara were one of the tribes of Anglo-Saxon Britain. Their territory was a folkland located in the valley of the River Meon in Hampshire that was subsumed by the Kingdom of Wessex in the late seventh century.
The Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England was a process spanning the 7th century. It was essentially the result of the Gregorian mission of 597, which was joined by the efforts of the Hiberno-Scottish mission from the 630s. From the 8th century, the Anglo-Saxon mission was, in turn, instrumental in the conversion of the population of the Frankish Empire.
Warblington Castle or Warblington manor was a moated manor near Langstone in Havant parish, Hampshire. Most of the castle was destroyed during the English Civil War, leaving only a single gate tower, part of a wall, and a gateway. The property, now in the village of Warblington, is privately owned and does not allow for public access.
St Thomas à Becket Church, sometimes referred to as St Thomas of Canterbury's Church and known until 1796 as the Church of Our Lady, is the Church of England parish church of Warblington in Hampshire, England. It was founded in the Saxon era, and some Anglo-Saxon architecture survives. Otherwise the church is largely of 12th- and 13th-century appearance; minimal restoration work was undertaken in the 19th century. Its situation in a "lonely but well-filled churchyard" in a rural setting next to a farm made it a common site for body snatching in that era, and two huts built for grave-watchers survive at opposite corners of the churchyard.
Emsworth Town Hall is a former chapel which later served as an events venue in St Peter's Square in Emsworth, a town in Hampshire, in England. It currently serves as a café.