Washburn

Last updated
Arms of the Washbourne family of Washbourne & Wichenford" - "Argent on a fess between six martlets gules three cinquefoils of the field" (Papworth's Armorials) Washbourne 1.jpg
Arms of the Washbourne family of Washbourne & Wichenford" - "Argent on a fess between six martlets gules three cinquefoils of the field" (Papworth's Armorials)
Arms of Sir John Washborne of Washbourne, Bretforton & Orleton in Estham (formally of Dufford) - "Argent a fess between six martlets gules" (Burke's General Armory) Washbourne 2.jpg
Arms of Sir John Washborne of Washbourne, Bretforton & Orleton in Estham (formally of Dufford) - "Argent a fess between six martlets gules" (Burke's General Armory)

Washburn (alternatively Wasseburne, Wasseborne, Wasshebourne, Wassheborne, Washbourne, Washburne, Washborne, Washborn, Wasborn, Washbon) is a toponymic surname, probably of Old English origin, with likely Anglo-Norman and Norman-French influences after the Conquest, as the name evolved.

Contents

Origins

Worcestershire and Gloucestershire

This family, of Norman origin, can be traced through the lands in Worcestershire and Gloucestershire, namely the little hams of "Little Washbourne" and "Great Washbourne". Little Washbourne, historically in the parish of Overbury, and the manor thereon, eventually becoming known as "Wasseburne Militis" or "Knyghtes Wasshebourne", for the many from this line that bore that honour.

In the Herald's College, London, Vol. I., page 54, is given: Washbourne. "A name of ancient Norman descent; the founder was knighted on the field of battle by William the Conqueror and endowed with the lands of Little Washbourne and Great Washbourne, Counties of Gloucester and Worcester".

The name may have come from the Saxon for "from the flooding brook," [1] with "wash" meaning "swift moving current of a stream," and "burn" referring to a brook or a small stream. It may have originated from the River Isbourne, which flowed near Little and Great Washbourne.

The surname has several origins in England: [2]

The Washburn name and variations

The name was anciently "Wasseburn" or "-born". C. W. Bardsley's Dictionary of English and Welsh Surnames states that "Wasse" was anciently and still is a common surname in Yorkshire. It is a place name derived from the various river and sea beaches subject to overflow by floods and tides, hence known as wasses and now as cashes. "Wasseburn" signified a flowing stream. The little ham that stood upon its banks took its name from the stream, and the proprietor or lord of the village was so and so de Wasseborn, just as the parson was the most important person in the parish. The form "Wasseborn" is the form first met with about 1100; and "Wasseborn" or "-burn" continued in common use by the family with the occasional addition of a final "e" until about the middle of the 17th century when the family wrote the name "Washbourne", a form which still prevails in England.

Through all the first two periods, writers of public documents, even of wills, felt themselves at liberty to suit their own convenience or taste in spelling the name, so that great varieties of spelling are found in public documents and varieties in the same document. Thus in the will of John Washburn of Bengeworth, it is "Wassheburns"; in his wife's "Wasborn"; in his son's "Wasburne" and in the inventory "Wasborne"; in the burgess' will "Washborne"; in his wife's "Wasburne" and "Washborne"; in the public registers of Bengeworth pretty uniformly "Wasborne". John the emigrant wrote his name "Washborn". In America three forms of spelling have prevailed – the most common "Washburn", "Washborn", and "Washburne", with even a greater variety of spelling of the name than is found in England, and not always by outsiders. [3]

The Family seated at Little Wasseborne

Early writer's suggested that the first to use the name, was Sir Roger d'Wasseburne, ancestor of the American immigrant Washburns' of Plymouth Colony.

Washbourne Manor at Little Washbourne, was the ancient seat of the family, shown in Doomsday for that of Urse d'Abitot, [4] and later held by "William son of Samson", [5] in the time of Henry II (1154–1189). In 1280, Sir Roger d'Wasseburne paid a subsidy of 15s at Washbourne. [6] Roger is shown as "of Washbourne, Little Comberton and of Stanford". His son Sir John d'Wasseburne, is recorded as "of Washbourne, Bretforton & Orleton in Estham". This Roger and John of the 1200s, are suggested as having been the first to use the surname, but this may not be correct.

Descendant in the male line of the "Knights Washbourne", the first American colonist of the family, being that of John Washborn (Sr.), b. 1597 in Bengeworth, England, came to Plymouth Colony in c. 1631. His son, John Washburn (Jr.), b. 1620, also in Bengeworth, sailed to New England in 1635 on the Elizabeth & Ann , with his mother Margery and brother Phillip. He married in 1645, Elizabeth Mitchell, daughter of Experience and Jane (Cooke) Mitchell, of Duxbury, Plymouth Colony. She was the granddaughter of Francis Cooke, who came to America on the Mayflower . They settled first in Duxbury and had eleven children, including the first notable set of Seven Brothers in the American Washburn line. It has been suggested that a likely 90% of the American Washburns hail from one of these "Seven Brothers".

Another contributor to the American Washburn line, a younger brother of John Sr., William Washburne, the immigrant ancestor to Connecticut Colony, and later Hempstead, Long Island, did not join his brother John Washburn in Plymouth Colony. He remained in England, where he raised a large family, and finally sailed with his in-laws to New England. They settled first in Stratford, Connecticut Colony, with the Nichols', eventually settling in Hempstead. He and his wife, Jane Nichols, had 9 or 10 children.

According to the 2000 U.S. Census, there were 19,505 Washburns in the United States, making it the 1,685th most common name in the country. [7] There are also a number of Washburns in Canada, many of whom are descendants of United Empire Loyalist Ebenezer Washburn.

Coat of arms

Arms of Sir Roger d'Wasseburne - "Gules bezantee on a canton or a raven sable" - (Joseph Foster) Rog d'Wasseburne Arms.jpg
Arms of Sir Roger d'Wasseburne - "Gules bezantée on a canton or a raven sable" - (Joseph Foster)

"Gules bezantée on a canton or a raven sable"

Roger de Washbourne.png The first coat of arms met with for this family were recorded in the St George's Roll, c. 1285 for Sir Roger d'Wasseburne. The blazon, "Gules bezantée on a canton or a raven sable", suggested to early writers a familial connection to the Houses of la Zouche ("Gules bezantée") and le Corbet ("Or a raven sable"), but this connection has yet to be corroborated. It is possible that these arms were borne, rather, in feudal homage to these Houses, but again, this possibility is conjecture. The later recording of these same arms is shown here, by Joseph Foster in 1902, and suggests a slightly different blazon, "Gules ten bezants 4, 3, 2, 1" for la Zouche. This is actually a very common variation in heraldry and is noted so in the description of the arms on the page for Zouche.

"Gules bezantée on a canton or a cross sable"

Washborne COA.png Another coat of arms as shown in Burkes General Armory for "Washborne" – "Gules bezantée on a canton or a cross sable". The specific Washborne family member that bore these arms is, as yet unknown.


"Argent a fess between six martlets gules"

Washbourne 2.jpg When the vast estates that Urse d'Abitot had accumulated were usurped from his son Roger, a substantial portion of the same, including the lands of Little Washbourne, were ultimately bestowed upon his sister's husband, Sir Walter Beauchamp of Elmley. The Washbourne family that resided at Little Washbourne thereafter, did so as under-tenants to their now over-lords, the Beauchamps of Elmley Castle. The arms for this branch of Beauchamps' were "Gules a fess between six martlets or", as shown next.

Sir John d'Wasseburne, formally of Dufford, son of Sir Roger, is the first Washbourne to be suggested as having borne the Beauchamp "a fess between six martlets" arms, changing the tincture's to the Washbourne colors of Argent and Gules as shown.

"Gules a fess between six martlets or"

Beauchamp of Powick arms.gif The arms for Sir Walter Beauchamp of Elmley Castle, bore a red shield with gold fess and martlets, and the Washbournes' bore a silver shield with red charges, as shown above. This feudal homage was also borne by and recorded for several other families. Members of the Wysham, Walshe, Waleys, Burdett, Blount, Cardiff and other families, all bore these "fess between six martlets" arms, in differing tinctures. All of these other families are recorded as marrying into the Beauchamp family.

"On a fess between six martlets three quatrefoils slipped sideways"

Washburn arms as used by Washburn College.png Washburn College in Topeka, Kansas, adopted a variation of the Washbourne Arms, using creative license to alter the tinctures (colors), to its school's colors, and used it as its own logo. The college, originally chartered as "Lincoln College", changed its name to "Washburn College", after a substantial pledge was received from Massachusetts Industrialist Ichabod Washburn. Since becoming "Washburn University", the school has abandoned the Washburn Arms logo. They're now using a stylized "W" in its place. The school mascot "The Ichabod", is still in use.

Arms of Anthony Washeborne of Bosbury - "Arg. on a fess between six martlets Sa. three quatre-foils of the field" - (Per the 1569 Visitation of Herefordshire for Washeborne) Anthony Washeborne Arms.jpg
Arms of Anthony Washeborne of Bosbury - "Arg. on a fess between six martlets Sa. three quatre-foils of the field" - (Per the 1569 Visitation of Herefordshire for Washeborne)

"Argent on a fess between six martlets sable three quatrefoils of the field"

Anthony Washeborne Arms.jpg These Arms have been attributed to Anthony Washeborne of Bosbury, in Herefordshire. It is generally accepted that it was he who commissioned the Visitation on which these arms are blazoned. Differenced both in tincture (sable instead of gules), and the charges on the fess, from those showing "quatrefoils slipped sideways" or the "cinquefoils of the field" varieties.

"Argent on a fess between six martlets gules three cinquefoils of the field"

Washbourne 1.jpg These are the Arms shown in the Chancel Tomb at St. Laurence Church in Wichenford, for John Washborne Esquire, Sheriff of Worcestershire, who had married both Mary Savage and Eleanor Lygon, and for his father Anthony Washborne Esquire of Wichenford Court. This main branch of the family were usually styled "of Washbourne and Wichenford", and the direct male line ceased with William Washbourne, Esq., of Wichenford and Pytchley. These Arms are the same as those uncovered from the old St. Peters (Evesham Abbey c. 1400s), and also as recorded in Papworth's Armorials and Burke's General Armory.

Monuments at St. Laurence Church, Wichenford

Washbourne monument at St Laurence's Wichenford WashbourneMonument StLawrence'sChurch WichenfordWorcs.jpg
Washbourne monument at St Laurence's Wichenford

On the north side of the chancel is an altar tomb with two effigies in 17th-century armour, one on the slab and one beneath it. Behind are two female figures kneeling in recesses, with a classic cornice and ornament above crudely coloured and gilt. An inscription records that John Washbourne at the age of eighty-four built the monument for himself (the upper figure), his two wives Mary Savage and Eleanor Lygon, and his father Anthony (the lower figure).

There are four shields, the centre and highest one of the Washbourne arms. Below this is a shield quarterly of Washbourne quartered with Poer and Dabitot. To the west is a shield of these arms impaling the six lions of Savage. To the east is the same impaling the two lions passant of Lygon.

Thomas Habington gives us an early 1600s description of both monuments:

“In the North side of the chancel is an ancient tomb of alabaster on the ground. Upon it was delineated a man armed, all but his head, under which lyeth his helmet with a wreath and thereon a flame of fire; at his feet a lion. On his right hand his wife with a little dog at her feet. Between them the Washbourne’s arms impaling a chevron.

The inscription on the edge face of the stone:

"Hic jacunt Corpora Johannis Washbourne .... Armigeri .... & Margeriae Powere uxoris sua. Necnon et Elizabeth uxoris ....* ... ... de Bradley in Com. Derbia qui obiit 13 Mai 1454"
This tomb sheweth the match of Washborn with Poher’s co-heiress, which brought the name of Washbourne first into Wichenford.”
“On the south side of the chancel there is another monument of alabaster on the ground also in the same Fashion, a man armed as before with the wife on the right hand; the arms much defaced but still so discernable as to shew the arms of the Washbournes

The inscription:

"Hic iacet Johannies Washborne Armr filius et Hieres Normanni Washborne Armigeri, qui quidem filius obiit die mensis AD ****"

People with the surname Washburn

People with the surname Washburne

Fictional characters

See also

Sources

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">William D. Washburn</span> American politician

William Drew "W.D." Washburn, Sr. was an American politician. He served in both the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate as a Republican from Minnesota. Three of his seven brothers became politicians: Elihu B. Washburne, Cadwallader C. Washburn, and Israel Washburn, Jr. He was also cousin of Dorilus Morrison, the first mayor of Minneapolis. He served in the 46th, 47th, 48th, 51st, 52nd, and 53rd congresses.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tincture (heraldry)</span> Metal, colour, or fur used in heraldic design

Tincture is the limited palette of colours and patterns used in heraldry. The need to define, depict, and correctly blazon the various tinctures is one of the most important aspects of heraldic art and design.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Variation of the field</span> Heraldic term

In heraldry, variations of the field are any of a number of ways that a field may be covered with a pattern, rather than a flat tincture or a simple division of the field.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Elihu B. Washburne</span> American politician and diplomat (1816–1887)

Elihu Benjamin Washburne was an American politician and diplomat. A member of the Washburn family, which played a prominent role in the early formation of the United States Republican Party, he served as a congressman from Illinois before and during the American Civil War. He was a political ally of President Abraham Lincoln and General Ulysses S. Grant. During Grant's administration, Washburne was the 25th United States Secretary of State briefly in 1869, and was the United States Minister to France from 1869 to 1877.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cadency</span> System in heraldry to distinguish family members

In heraldry, cadency is any systematic way to distinguish arms displayed by descendants of the holder of a coat of arms when those family members have not been granted arms in their own right. Cadency is necessary in heraldic systems in which a given design may be owned by only one person at any time, generally the head of the senior line of a particular family.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ordinary (heraldry)</span> Basic geometric charge in heraldry

In heraldry, an ordinary is one of the two main types of charges, beside the mobile charges. An ordinary is a simple geometrical figure, bounded by straight lines and running from side to side or top to bottom of the shield. There are also some geometric charges known as subordinaries, which have been given lesser status by some heraldic writers, though most have been in use as long as the traditional ordinaries. Diminutives of ordinaries and some subordinaries are charges of the same shape, though thinner. Most of the ordinaries are theoretically said to occupy one-third of the shield; but this is rarely observed in practice, except when the ordinary is the only charge.

Israel Washburn Sr. was a Massachusetts politician.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Israel Washburn Jr.</span> American politician

Israel Washburn Jr. was a United States political figure who was the Governor of Maine from 1861 to 1863. Originally a member of the Whig Party, he later became a founding member of the Republican Party. In 1842, Washburn served in the Maine House of Representatives.

Charles Ames Washburn, also known as C. A. Washburn, was the U.S. Minister to Paraguay.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Componée</span>

In heraldry, an ordinary componée, anglicised to compony and gobony, is composed of a row of squares, rectangles or other quadrilaterals, of alternating tinctures, often found as a bordure, most notably in the arms of the English House of Beaufort.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Blazon</span> Art of describing heraldic arms in proper terms

In heraldry and heraldic vexillology, a blazon is a formal description of a coat of arms, flag or similar emblem, from which the reader can reconstruct the appropriate image. The verb to blazon means to create such a description. The visual depiction of a coat of arms or flag has traditionally had considerable latitude in design, but a verbal blazon specifies the essentially distinctive elements. A coat of arms or flag is therefore primarily defined not by a picture but rather by the wording of its blazon. Blazon is also the specialized language in which a blazon is written, and, as a verb, the act of writing such a description. Blazonry is the art, craft or practice of creating a blazon. The language employed in blazonry has its own vocabulary, grammar and syntax, which becomes essential for comprehension when blazoning a complex coat of arms.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Martlet</span> Mythical bird in English heraldry

A martlet in English heraldry is a mythical bird without feet that never roosts from the moment of its drop-birth until its death fall; martlets are proposed to be continuously on the wing. It is a compelling allegory for continuous effort, expressed in heraldic charge depicting a stylised bird similar to a swift or a house martin, without feet. It should be distinguished from the merlette of French heraldry, which is a duck-like bird with a swan-neck and chopped-off beak and legs. The Common Swift rarely lands outside breeding season, and sleeps while airborne.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ichabod Washburn</span>

Ichabod Washburn (1798–1868) was an American Congregational deacon and industrialist from Worcester County, Massachusetts. His financial endowments led to the naming of Washburn College, now Washburn University in Topeka, Kansas and the foundation of Worcester Polytechnic Institute in Worcester, Massachusetts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Proctor-Beauchamp baronets</span> Title in the Baronetage of Great Britain

The Beauchamp-Proctor, later Proctor-Beauchamp Baronetcy, of Langley Park in the County of Norfolk, is a title in the Baronetage of Great Britain. It was created on 20 February 1745 for the twenty-two-year-old William Beauchamp-Proctor, subsequently Member of Parliament for Middlesex. Born William Beauchamp, he assumed the additional surname of Proctor according to the will of his maternal uncle, George Proctor, of Langley Park, Norfolk. The second Baronet married Mary Palmer, a beauty who was the subject of portraits by George Romney and Benjamin West. The third Baronet was an admiral in the Royal Navy.

The Washburn family is a family of politicians from the United States. Below is a list of members:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wichenford</span> Human settlement in England

Wichenford is a village and civil parish in the Malvern Hills District in the county of Worcestershire, England. It lies 7 miles (11km) to the north-west of the city of Worcester and has a population of c 400 for around 250 households. Primary education is provided at nearby Hallow, and at Martley, which also has a secondary school.

Gourlay is a surname from one of the Norman families living in Scotland, possibly from North or South Gorley (Hampshire) or an unidentified place in Normandy (France).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Devon heraldry</span>

The landed gentry and nobility of Devonshire, like the rest of the English and European gentry, bore heraldic arms from the start of the age of heraldry circa 1200–1215. The fashion for the display of heraldry ceased about the end of the Victorian era (1901) by which time most of the ancient arms-bearing families of Devonshire had died out, moved away or parted with their landed estates.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">House of Stratford</span>

The House of Stratford is a British aristocratic family, originating in Stratford-on-Avon between the eleventh and thirteenth centuries. The family has produced multiple titles, including Earl of Aldborough, Viscount Amiens, Baron Baltinglass, Viscount Stratford de Redcliffe and the Dugdale Baronets. The Viscount Powerscourt and Baron Wrottesley both claim descent from this House. Historic seats have included Farmcote Manor and Stratford Park in Gloucester, Merevale Hall in Warwickshire, Baltinglass Castle, Belan and Aldborough House in Ireland, and Stratford House in London, amongst many others. The house was at its most powerful in the fourteenth, sixteenth, and eighteenth centuries.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Walter de Beauchamp (Steward to Edward I)</span>

Walter de Beauchamp, of Beauchamp's Court, Alcester in Warwickshire and of Beauchamp Court, Powick in Worcestershire, was Steward of the Household to King Edward I from 1289 to 1303. He was the younger brother of William de Beauchamp, 9th Earl of Warwick (c.1238-1298), the first of his family to hold that title and was the founder of the junior line of the Beauchamp family known as "Beauchamp of Powick".

References

  1. Baby names
  2. Hanks, Patricia; Hodges, Flavia, eds. (2002). Oxford Names Companion. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press. p. 653. ISBN   019-860561-7.
  3. Ebenezer Washburn: His Ancestors and Descendants by Geo. T. Washburn
  4. The connexion of this manor with Bredon seems still to have been recognized in Habington's time (op. cit. i, 525). In 1571 the manor was held of the Bishop of Worcester for the service of the tenth of a knight's fee and suit at the hundred court of Oswaldslow (Chan. Inq. p.m. [Ser. 2], clix, 75).
  5. Habington, op. cit. i, 525; Red Bk. of Bishopric of Worc. (Eccl. Com. Rec. Var. bdle. 121, no. 43698), fol. 66.
  6. Lay Subs. R. Worcs. 1280 (Worcs. Hist. Soc.), 71.
  7. "U.S. Rank for WASHBURN".