Wetmoreana decipioides

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Wetmoreana decipioides
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Lecanoromycetes
Order: Teloschistales
Family: Teloschistaceae
Genus: Wetmoreana
Species:
W. decipioides
Binomial name
Wetmoreana decipioides
(Arup) Arup, Søchting & Frödén (2013)
Synonyms [1]
  • Caloplaca decipioidesArup (2011)
  • Fulgogasparrea decipioides(Arup) S.Y.Kondr., M.H.Jeong, Kärnefelt, Elix, A.Thell & Hur (2013)

Wetmoreana decipioides is a rare species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. Found in Gangwon Province, South Korea, it was described as a new species in 2011. The lobate thallus of the species is orange in colour and grows radiately in rosettes with marginal lobes , covered by smaller, irregularly arranged, often overlapping lobes in the centre.

Contents

Taxonomy

This species was originally described in 2011 by Ulf Arup as a member of the large genus Caloplaca . The type specimen was collected from the inner part of the massif of the Sorak Mountains in Gangwon Province, South Korea. It was found on almost vertical rock, shaded from running water, and probably at least partly with a higher pH than true siliceous rocks. The specific epithet decipioides refers to its similarity with Caloplaca decipiens . [2]

Arup and colleagues transferred the taxon to the genus Wetmoreana in 2013. [3] It was briefly placed in the genus Fulgogasparrea later that year, [4] but a study by Wilk and Lücking in 2024 synonymised Fulgogasparrea with Wetmoreana, confirming the placement of this species in Wetmoreana. [1]

Description

The lobate thallus of Wetmoreana decipioides is orange in colour and grows radiately in rosettes with marginal lobes , covered by smaller, irregularly arranged, often imbricate lobes in the centre. The lobes are slightly convex to rather flat, slightly wider toward tips, irregularly branched one to three times, divided by narrow but distinct furrows, and 0.5–2.3 mm long and 0.2–0.6 mm wide. The surface is more or less smooth to finely granular near lobe tips, and partly covered with very thin white pruina . The soralia are more or less punctiform or irregular in outline, laminal or terminal on central lobes, initiating as spherical to elongate isidia that soon dissolve into soredia. The species produces secondary metabolites (lichen products) such as parietin (major), fallacinal (major), vicanicin (major), isofulgidin (major), teloschistin (major), and traces of emodin, parietinic acid, and caloploicin. [2]

Habitat and distribution

The species was collected under an overhang of a tall rock with a river running below. The rock face was exposed to the south and there were no trees giving any shade. The lichen flora is abundant at the locality and Wetmoreana decipioides was common in suitable places away from both rain and running water. The Seoraksan National Park, where the type locality is located, has many habitats included mainly old-growth forests on steep mountain slopes dominated by deciduous trees. The climate is somewhat continental with warm summers (up to 36°C) and cold winters (down to –17°C). The annual precipitation is 1300 mm, and the mountains are snow-covered from November to April. [2]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Teloschistaceae</span> Family of lichen-forming fungi

The Teloschistaceae are a large family of mostly lichen-forming fungi belonging to the class Lecanoromycetes in the division Ascomycota. The family has a cosmopolitan distribution, although its members occur predominantly in temperate regions. Most members are lichens that either live on rock or on bark, but about 40 species are lichenicolous – meaning they are non-lichenised fungi that live on other lichens. Many members of the Teloschistaceae are readily identifiable by their vibrant orange to yellow hue, a result of their frequent anthraquinone content. The presence of these anthraquinone pigments, which confer protection from ultraviolet light, enabled this group to expand from shaded forest habitats to harsher environmental conditions of sunny and arid ecosystems during the Late Cretaceous.

Neobrownliella brownlieae is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is widely distributed in Australia.

<i>Gyalolechia</i> Genus of lichen-forming fungi

Gyalolechia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi belonging to the family Teloschistaceae. It contains 18 species of crustose lichens.

<i>Igneoplaca</i> Lichen genus

Igneoplaca is a genus in the subfamily Xanthorioideae of the family Teloschistaceae. It contains a single species, the crustose lichen Igneoplaca ignea.

Huneckia is a genus of crustose lichens in the subfamily Caloplacoideae of the family Teloschistaceae. It has four species.

Villophora is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the subfamily Teloschistoideae of the family Teloschistaceae. It has 9 species. The genus was circumscribed in 2013 by Ulrik Søchting, Ulf Arup, and Patrik Frödén. They assigned Villophora isidioclada as the type, and at that time, only species in the genus. This lichen, previously classified in Caloplaca, is found in South America, Antarctica, and some subantarctic islands. Several additional species were added to the genus in 2021. The generic name Villophora means "carrying filaments".

<i>Wetmoreana</i> Genus of lichens

Wetmoreana is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It comprises 15 formally described species, one subspecies, and three undescribed species of crustose or squamulose that are predominantly saxicolous (rock-dwelling). The genus is characterized by its distinct lobes, orange zeorine apothecia when present, and the frequent occurrence of asexual propagules such as schizidia, isidia, or soredia. A key diagnostic feature is the presence of calcium oxalate crystals in the thallus medulla of many species.

<i>Wetmoreana appressa</i> Species of lichen

Wetmoreana appressa is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It has a widespread distribution in western Mexico, including Baja California. It is characterized by its vibrant colors, unique shape, and specific habitat preferences.

Austroplaca hookeri is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It was originally described by Carroll William Dodge in 1965, as Gasparrinia hookeri. The type specimen was originally collected by British botanist and explorer Joseph Dalton Hooker on Cockburn Island; the species is named in his honour. The taxon was transferred to the large genus Caloplaca in 2004, and again to the genus Austroplaca in 2013 as part of a restructuring of the family Teloschistaceae.

<i>Wetmoreana brouardii</i> Species of lichen

Wetmoreana brouardii is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae.

Caloplaca cupulifera is a widely distributed species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It has a chrome-yellow thallus with bright yellow cup-shaped soredia. Although originally described as a new species in 1915 and placed in the large genus Caloplaca in 1931, modern molecular phylogenetics suggests that its classification requires an update.

<i>Leproplaca cirrochroa</i> Species of lichen

Leproplaca cirrochroa is a widespread and common species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It grows up to 5 cm across, featuring a placodioid thallus with narrow, finger-like lobes that adhere closely to the surface, showing intricate division and ranging in colour from dirty orange to brownish orange, often with paler, pruinose orange ends.

Elixjohnia gallowayi is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It has a vividly coloured thallus, ranging in hues from bright red to reddish-orange. It is found in Australia.

Filsoniana kiamae is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in Australia. The lichen forms small rosettes with brownish-orange areoles, and it occasionally develops isidia. Its rare apothecia are round, with brownish-orange margins and a reddish disc.

Flavoplaca kantvilasii is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. Found in Australia, it was formally described as a new species in 2007.

<i>Kuettlingeria soralifera</i> Species of lichen

Kuettlingeria soralifera is a saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen species in the family Teloschistaceae, first described in 2006. It is similar to Kuettlingeria xerica but distinguished by the presence of soredia on its thallus.

Hanstrassia lenae is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) in the family Teloschistaceae. Described as a new species in 2007, the lichen is found in Russian Far East, Mongolia, and Siberia. It closely resembles Elenkiniana ehrenbergii but distinguished by the presence of soralia on its thallus. This species has a thick, effigurate thallus with weak marginal lobes and developed marginal, labriform (lip-shaped) soralia.

Scutaria is a single-species fungal genus in the family Teloschistaceae. It contains the species Scutaria andina, found in South America. The thallus of this lichen has a form that is intermediate between crustose and foliose.

Elenkiniana is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has three species, all of which occur in Eurasia.

Teloschistopsis bonae-spei is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), fruticose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It occurs in South Africa, where it grows on maritime and coastal rocks.

References

  1. 1 2 Wilk, Karina; Lücking, Robert (2024). "Quantitative integrative taxonomy informs species delimitation in Teloschistaceae (lichenized Ascomycota): the genus Wetmoreana as a case study". IMA Fungus. 15 (9): 1–42. doi: 10.1186/s43008-024-00140-1 . PMC   11225190 .
  2. 1 2 3 Lumbsch, H.T.; Ahti, T.; Altermann, S.; De Paz, G.A.; Aptroot, A.; Arup, U.; et al. (2011). "One hundred new species of lichenized fungi: a signature of undiscovered global diversity". Phytotaxa. 18 (1): 1–127 [29]. doi: 10.11646/phytotaxa.18.1.1 . hdl: 11336/4198 .
  3. ↑ Arup, Ulf; Søchting, Ulrik; Frödén, Patrik (2013). "A new taxonomy of the family Teloschistaceae". Nordic Journal of Botany. 31 (1): 16–83 [66]. doi:10.1111/j.1756-1051.2013.00062.x.
  4. ↑ Kondratyuk, S.; Jeong, M.-H.; Yu, N.-H.; Kärnefelt, I.; Thell, A.; Elix, J.; Kim, J.; Kondratyuk, A.; Hur, J.-S. (2013). "Four new genera of teloschistoid lichens (Teloschistaceae, Ascomycota) based on molecular phylogeny". Acta Botanica Hungarica. 55 (3–4): 251–274. doi:10.1556/abot.55.2013.3-4.8.
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