Women in law in the United Kingdom

Last updated

Prior to the 20th Century, there were few women in law in the United Kingdom. Prior to the Sex Disqualification (Removal) Act 1919, women were not permitted to practice law in the United Kingdom. [1] By 1931 there were around 100 female solicitors. [1] The first female-only law partnership was founded in 1933. [2] In 2010, a report by The Lawyer found that 22 percent of partners at the UK's top 100 firms were women; a follow-up report in 2015 found that figure had not changed. [3] Since 2014, a number of large corporate firms of solicitors have set gender diversity targets to increase the percentage of women within their partnerships. [4] [5] [6] By 2019, 51% of British solicitors were women. [2]

Contents

Background

Eliza Orme circa 1900 Eliza Orme 1848 - 1937.jpg
Eliza Orme circa 1900

Law degree

Eliza Orme was the first woman in the United Kingdom to obtain a law degree, in 1888. [7] [8] She was not called to the English Bar until later in the 1920s after the first female pioneers. In 1889, Letitia Alice Walkington became the first woman to graduate with a degree of Bachelor of Laws in Great Britain or Ireland. In 1892, Cornelia Sorabji became the first woman to study law at Oxford University. [9] Dorothy Bonarjee became the first female to earn a law degree from the University College London in 1917. [10]

Barristers and solicitors

In 1903, Bertha Cave applied to join Gray's Inn; the application was ultimately rejected. [11] In 1913, the Law Society refused to allow women to take legal exams; this was challenged in the Court of Appeal in the case of Bebb v The Law Society , where the Law Society's stance was upheld. [1] The plaintiff in that case was Gwyneth Bebb, who was expected to be the first female to be called to the bar but died before that could happen. [12] [13] The Sex Disqualification (Removal) Act 1919 received Royal Assent on 23 December 1919. [2] The next day, Helena Normanton became the first woman to join an Inns of Court. [14]

Helena Normanton circa 1950 Helena Normanton.jpg
Helena Normanton circa 1950

Thus, in 1922, Ivy Williams was the first woman called to the bar (although she never practiced), [15] [16] [17] [18] and Helena Normanton became the first practising female barrister in the UK. [19] [20] [21] In September 2018 a barristers' chambers was renamed in her honour. [22] Williams was also the first woman to teach law at an English university, [15] In 2022, Jessikah Inaba became the first Black visually-impaired (female) barrister in the United Kingdom. [23]

Regarding solicitors, Madge Easton Anderson became the first female solicitor in the United Kingdom in 1920 upon being admitted to practice law in Scotland. [24] [20] In 1922, Carrie Morrison, Mary Pickup, Mary Sykes, and Maud Crofts became the first women in England to qualify as solicitors; Morrison was the first of them admitted as a solicitor. [1] [25] Kathleen Hoahing became the first female to qualify as a solicitor in Britain in 1927, though she would relocate soon afterwards to China. [26] [27] [28]

Senior advocate or barrister

Helena Normanton and Rose Heilbron became the first two female barristers to be appointed King's Counsel in 1949. [29] Heibron was also the first woman to achieve a first class honours degree in law at the University of Liverpool (in 1935), England's first woman judge as Recorder of Burnley (in 1956), the first woman to sit as a judge in the Old Bailey (in 1972), and the second female High Court judge (in 1974). [29] Patricia Scotland was the first Black female to become a Queen's Counsel in the United Kingdom in 1991, [30] and whereas Kim Hollis became the first Asian female barrister to become Queen's Counsel in 2002 in the United Kingdom. [31]

Law society

In 2002, the Law Society appointed its first female President, Carolyn Kirby. [2] In 2021, Stephanie Boyce became the first Black female President of the Law Society. [32] In 2022, Lubna Shuja became the first Asian and Muslim (female) President of the Law Society. [33]

Judicial officers

Upon the passing of the Sex Disqualification (Removal) Act 1919, the following seven women became the first Justices of the Peace: Lady Crewe, Lady Londonderry, Margaret Lloyd George, Gertrude Tuckwell, Mary (Mrs Humphry) Ward, Elizabeth Haldane, and Beatrice Webb. [34]

Elizabeth Lane (1940) became the first female County Court judge (1962), and the first English High Court judge (1965). [35] [36] Although not a barrister, Pauline Henriques became the United Kingdom's first Black female magistrate in 1966. [37] Chand Lal-Sarin became Britain's first female magistrate of Indian-origin in 1970. [38] In 1978, Heilbron became the first woman to become the Presiding Judge of any Circuit when she was appointed to the Northern Circuit. [29] Linda Dobbs became the first Black (female) High Court judge in 2004. [32] In 2015, Bobbie Cheema-Grubb became the first Asian (female) High Court judge [39] In 2020, Raffia Arshad became the first hijab-wearing court judge in the United Kingdom. [40]

Baroness Hale became the first female Justice (2009) and President (2017) of the Supreme Court. [41] [35] [42] She was also the first female to become a Law Lord in the House of Lords of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in 2004.

Key Women in UK Law

England and Wales

Northern Ireland

Scotland

Other notable figures in Scotland

British Overseas Territories or Crown Dependencies

Anguilla

Bermuda

  • Lois Browne-Evans (1953): [87] [88] First female lawyer in Bermuda, as well as Bermuda's first female Attorney General (1999)
  • Priya De Soya: [89] First female to become Crown Counsel in Bermuda (1976)
  • Dianna Kempe (1973 [90] ): [91] [92] First female magistrate in Bermuda (1976). She is also the first female lawyer to become Queen's Counsel (QC) in Bermuda (2000).
  • Norma Wade-Miller (1977): [93] [94] [95] [96] First female appointed as a substantive (permanent) magistrate in Bermuda (1981). She was also the first female Judge of the High Court, Justice of the Supreme Court of Bermuda and Acting Chief Justice in Bermuda.
  • Patricia Dangor: [97] First female to serve as a Judge of the Bermuda Court of Appeals (2014)
  • Karen Williams-Smith: [98] First Black female to serve as the President of the Bermuda Bar Association (2017)
  • Cindy Clarke: [99] First female to serve as the Director of Public Prosecutions in Bermuda (2020)

British Virgin Islands

Dancia Penn: First female lawyer in the British Virgin Islands Dancia Penn 2007.jpg
Dancia Penn: First female lawyer in the British Virgin Islands

Cayman Islands

  • Annie Huldah Bodden (1959): [110] First female to qualify as a lawyer in the Cayman Islands
  • Adrianne Webb (1975): [111] [112] First female lawyer called to the Caymanian Bar Association
  • Theresa Lewis Pitcairn: [113] First female to serve as the President of the Caymanian Bar Association (2001)
  • Priya Levers: [114] [115] First female to serve as a Judge of the Cayman Islands Grand Court (2003)
  • Cheryll Richards: [116] First (female) Director of Public Prosecutions for the Cayman Islands (2011). In 2010, Richards became the first female Queen's Counsel (QC) in the Cayman Islands. [117]
  • Margaret Ramsay-Hale: [118] First female to serve as the Chief Justice of the Cayman Islands (2022)
  • Marilyn Brandt: [119] First Caymanian (female) attorney to serve as the Deputy Solicitor General in the Portfolio of Legal Affairs (2022)

Channel Islands

  • Sarah Kelly (1997): [120] First female advocate appointed Greffier to the Jurats of Alderney (2005–2012)
  • Jessica Roland: [121] First female to serve as a Deputy Bailiff in Guernsey (2019)
  • Anita Sarella Regal: [122] First female admitted as an advocate of the Royal Court of Jersey (1968)
  • Barbara Myles: [35] First female (non-attorney) jurat in Jersey (1980–2001)
  • Bridget Shaw: [123] First female magistrate in Jersey (2013)
  • Rose Colley: [124] First female to serve as the President of the Law Society of Jersey (2020)

Falkland Islands

  • Rosie McIlroy: [125] First woman lawyer (non-native) to enter into private law practice in the Falkland Islands. According to various sources, her legal career also included serving as Crown Solicitor (c. 1987), [126] Senior Magistrate (c. 1989), [127] [128] and Chief Magistrate (c. 1989) [129] [130] in the Falkland Islands.
  • Melanie Louise Best Chilton: [131] [132] [133] First woman lawyer (non-native) to serve as Law Commissioner and an Attorney General of the Falkland Islands (2006-2007).
  • Rosalind Catriona Cheek (United Kingdom, 1998): [133] [134] [135] [136] [137] [138] [139] First Falkland Islander female to become Principal Crown Counsel (2006). She later became the second female Law Commissioner in the Falkland Islands (2015).

Gibraltar

  • Pamela Benady (1955): [140] [141] [142] First female barrister (who was of Jewish descent) in Gibraltar
  • Dorothy Ellicott: [143] First female Justice of the Peace in Gibraltar (1970)
  • Karen Ramagge Prescott (1988): [144] [145] [146] [147] First female judge (a Gibraltarian) in Gibraltar (upon her appointment as a Puisne Justice of the Supreme Court of Gibraltar in 2010). She later became the first female Bencher of the Middle Temple (2017).
  • Gillian Guzman (1994): [148] First female Queen's Counsel (QC) in Gibraltar (2012)
  • Janet Smith (1972): [149] [150] First female appointed as a Judge of the Gibraltar Court of Appeal (2017)

Isle of Man

Montserrat

Pitcairn Islands

Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha

Turks and Caicos Islands

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Barrister</span> Lawyer specialised in court representation in certain jurisdictions

A barrister is a type of lawyer in common law jurisdictions. Barristers mostly specialize in courtroom advocacy and litigation. Their tasks include arguing cases in courts and tribunals, drafting legal pleadings, researching the law and giving legal opinions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Politics of the Falkland Islands</span>

The politics of the Falkland Islands takes place in a framework of a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary representative democratic dependency as set out by the constitution, whereby the Governor exercises the duties of head of state in the absence of the monarch and the Chief Executive is the head of the Civil Service, with an elected Legislative Assembly to propose new laws, national policy, approve finance and hold the executive to account.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">King's Counsel</span> Honorific for lawyers in some Commonwealth realms

A King's Counsel is a senior lawyer appointed by the monarch of some Commonwealth realms as a "Counsel learned in the law". When the reigning monarch is a woman, the title is Queen's Counsel (QC).

The call to the bar is a legal term of art in most common law jurisdictions where persons must be qualified to be allowed to argue in court on behalf of another party and are then said to have been "called to the bar" or to have received "call to the bar". "The bar" is now used as a collective noun for barristers, but literally referred to the wooden barrier in old courtrooms, which separated the often crowded public area at the rear from the space near the judges reserved for those having business with the court. Barristers would sit or stand immediately behind it, facing the judge, and could use it as a table for their briefs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mary Gaudron</span> 20th and 21st-century Australian judge

Mary Genevieve Gaudron, is an Australian lawyer and judge, who was the first female Justice of the High Court of Australia. She was the Solicitor-General of New South Wales from 1981 until 1987 before her appointment to the High Court. After her retirement in 2002, she joined the International Labour Organization, serving as the President of its Administrative Tribunal from 2011 until 2014.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Court dress</span> Style of clothes prescribed for courts of law

Court dress comprises the style of clothes and other attire prescribed for members of courts of law. Depending on the country and jurisdiction's traditions, members of the court may wear formal robes, gowns, collars, or wigs. Within a certain country and court setting, there may be many times when the full formal dress is not used. Examples in the UK include many courts and tribunals including the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom, and sometimes trials involving children.

Diana Bryant is an Australian jurist who served as Chief Justice of the Family Court of Australia from 5 July 2004 to 12 October 2017.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ira DeCordova Rowe</span>

The Hon. Ira De Cordova Rowe, QC, OJ was one of the jurists of the Commonwealth Caribbean. His decisions on Jamaican, Belizan and Bahamian Constitution Law created a new Commonwealth jurisprudence based on the Westminster Model with a strong reliance on the wording of the new Commonwealth Caribbean Constitutions. Judge Rowe's fearless support for the Caribbean Court of Justice swayed many of the Court's initial critics. His belief that Caribbean students were as good as any law students in the world inspired many young lawyers of Caribbean heritage. Always a scholar, Judge Rowe thought that judges ought not to usurp the role of the legislator and based most of his more than five hundred published Opinions on principles of English and Caribbean Law as laid down in precedents and statutes. He believed that the newly independent Caribbean nations needed efficient, practical legal systems based on certainty and stability. He considered The Most Hon. Norman Washington Manley Q.C. a professional mentor.

Sir Alastair Granville Forbes was a Caribbean-born British colonial civil servant who served with the Colonial Legal Service and ended his career as President of the Courts of Appeal for St Helena, the Falkland Islands and British Antarctic Territories from 1965 until 1988.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Judiciary of Solomon Islands</span> Branch of the Government of Solomon Islands

The judiciary of Solomon Islands is a branch of the Government of Solomon Islands that interprets and applies the laws of Solomon Islands, to ensure equal justice under law, and to provide a mechanism for dispute resolution. The legal system is derived from chapter VII, part II of the Constitution, adopted when the country became independent from the United Kingdom in 1978. The Constitution provided for the creation of a High Court, with original jurisdiction in civil and criminal cases, and a Court of Appeal. It also provided for the possibility of "subordinate courts", with no further specification (art.84).

Dr. Joseph Samuel Archibald, QC was a Saint Kittitian-born British Virgin Islander jurist, lawyer, registrar, magistrate, former Director of Public Prosecutions, and former Attorney General.

This is a short timeline of women lawyers. Much more information on the subject can be found at: List of first women lawyers and judges by nationality.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Women in law</span> Involvement of women in the study and practice of law

Women in law describes the role played by women in the legal profession and related occupations, which includes lawyers, paralegals, prosecutors, judges, legal scholars, law professors and law school deans.

Sir Anthony Stafford Smellie is the Chief Justice of the Cayman Islands.

Jane Hamilton Mathews was a judge of the Supreme Court of New South Wales, a judge of the Federal Court of Australia and President of the Administrative Appeals Tribunal.

Désirée Patricia Bernard was a Guyanese lawyer and jurist who was the country's first female judge of the High Court in 1980 and Justice of Appeal of the Supreme Court in 1992. She was appointed Chief Justice of Guyana in 1996, Chancellor of the Judiciary of Guyana and the Caribbean in 2001 and a Judge of the Caribbean Court of Justice in 2005. In 2014, she was appointed to the Bermuda Court of Appeal.

Margaret Ramsay-Hale is a Jamaican lawyer and judge. She is currently serving as a justice of the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands, a position that she has held since 13 January 2020. Ramsay-Hale was previously the first female puisne judge and the first female chief justice of the Supreme Court of the Turks and Caicos Islands.

Reshma Sharma is a Trinidad and Tobago lawyer and judge. She is currently serving as the Solicitor General of the Cayman Islands, a position that she has held since 1 August 2019.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "BBC News | UK | 75 years of women solicitors". news.bbc.co.uk.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Reyes, Eduardo (December 2019). "A great many she bears". Law Gazette.
  3. ↑ Simmons, Richard (17 November 2015). "Diversity fail: proportion of women partners at top UK firms hasn't increased at all in five years". The Lawyer– via www.thelawyer.com.
  4. ↑ Beioley, Kate (3 March 2014). "Pinsent Masons targets 25 per cent female partnership by 2018". The Lawyer– via www.thelawyer.com.
  5. ↑ Dowell, Katy (9 June 2014). "Linklaters becomes first magic circle firm to set gender diversity targets". The Lawyer– via www.thelawyer.com.
  6. ↑ "Taylor Wessing launches emergency gender targets as female partner numbers drop". The Lawyer. 8 August 2017 – via www.thelawyer.com.
  7. ↑ "Eliza Orme". First 100 Years. 7 August 2015.
  8. ↑ Atlantis. Acadia University. 1989.
  9. ↑ Dipankar De Sarkar (25 May 2012). "UK honours Cornelia Sorabji". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 25 May 2012. Retrieved 25 May 2012.
  10. ↑ "'She is beautiful but she is Indian': The student who became a Welsh bard at 19". BBC News. 28 December 2020. Retrieved 9 June 2021.
  11. ↑ November 2019, Dr Judith Bourne25. "How Bertha Cave fought law's male exclusivity". Law Gazette.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  12. ↑ Auchmuty, Rosemary (10 June 2011). "The tragic case of the legal star history forgot". The Guardian– via www.theguardian.com.
  13. ↑ "A woman is not a "person": A review of Bebb v The Law Society 1914". First 100 Years. 1 March 2018.
  14. ↑ Harrison QC, Sally. "How far has the sector come since the first female lawyer?". Law Gazette.
  15. 1 2 Hallett, Heather (10 February 2011). "My legal hero: Dr Ivy Williams | Heather Hallett". The Guardian– via www.theguardian.com.
  16. ↑ Bulletin. 1922.
  17. ↑ "From the archive, 11 May 1922: Ivy Williams, the first Englishwoman barrister". The Guardian. 11 May 2015. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
  18. ↑ "Ivy Williams". oxforddnb.com. Retrieved 11 November 2017.
  19. ↑ Workman, Joanne (2004). "Normanton, Helena Florence (1882–1957), barrister and feminist campaigner" . Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/39091. ISBN   978-0-19-861412-8.(Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  20. 1 2 Mossman, Mary Jane (2018). "Five Female Firsts in the UK Legal Profession" (PDF). York University.
  21. ↑ Brathwaite, Joan A. (1999). Women and the Law: A Bibliographical Survey of Legal and Quasi-legal Materials with Special Reference to Commonwealth Caribbean Jurisdictions and Including Relevant Commonwealth Caribbean Legislation and Case Material. University of the West Indies Press. ISBN   978-976-640-069-9.
  22. ↑ "Normanton Chambers to become first at Bar to be named after a woman". 26 September 2018.
  23. ↑ Eggboro, David (8 November 2022). "Celebrating Black pioneers in legal history - Garden Court North". Garden Court North Chambers. Retrieved 2 May 2024.
  24. ↑ "Tracking 97 Years of Progress for Women in the Judiciary in Scotland". The Attic. 12 July 2017. Retrieved 27 September 2017.
  25. ↑ "BBC News | UK | 75 years of women solicitors". news.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 11 November 2017.
  26. ↑ Woollacott, Angela (24 January 2006). Gender and Empire. Macmillan International Higher Education. ISBN   978-0-230-20485-0.[ permanent dead link ]
  27. ↑ "First Chinese Woman". Register (Adelaide, SA : 1901 - 1929). 31 December 1926. p. 13. Retrieved 13 May 2020.
  28. ↑ "The First Chinese Woman to pass the final examination for admission as a solicitor in England". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 May 2020.
  29. 1 2 3 Shennan, Paddy (26 October 2012). "Hilary Heilbron on writing the life story of her mother – the late Liverpool legal pioneer Dame Rose Heilbron". liverpoolecho.
  30. ↑ Martone, Eric (8 December 2008). Encyclopedia of Blacks in European History and Culture: [2 volumes]. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. ISBN   978-0-313-34449-7.
  31. ↑ "Kim Hollis QC receives Lifetime Achievement Award at Society of Asian Lawyers Ball 2015". 25 Bedford Row. 24 November 2015. Retrieved 3 May 2024.
  32. 1 2 "Black History Month: Legal profession celebrates influential Black women lawyers". www.lawsociety.org.uk. Retrieved 2 May 2024.
  33. ↑ "Historic moment as Lubna Shuja becomes first Asian and first Muslim president". www.lawsociety.org.uk. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
  34. ↑ Rackley, Erika; Auchmuty, Rosemary (27 December 2018). Women's Legal Landmarks: Celebrating the History of Women and Law in the UK and Ireland. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN   978-1-78225-979-4.
  35. 1 2 3 Hanson, Timothy. "Jurats as Adjudicators in the Channel Islands and the Importance of Lay Participation" (PDF). Common Law World Review.
  36. ↑ Butler-Sloss, Elizabeth (2004). "Lane [née Coulborn], Dame Elizabeth Kathleen (1905–1988), judge" . Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/40092. ISBN   978-0-19-861412-8.(Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  37. ↑ Rubinstein, W.; Jolles, Michael A. (27 January 2011). The Palgrave Dictionary of Anglo-Jewish History. Springer. ISBN   978-0-230-30466-6.
  38. ↑ "Britain's first Indian-origin woman magistrate dies". Business Standard. 21 November 2013.
  39. ↑ Davies, Caroline (23 October 2015). "High court appoints Bobbie Cheema-Grubb as its first Asian female judge". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved 2 May 2024.
  40. ↑ "First hijab-wearing UK court judge hopes to be 'trailblazer'". 27 May 2020. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
  41. ↑ Bowcott, Owen (2 October 2017). "Brenda Hale sworn in as first female president of UK's supreme court". The Guardian– via www.theguardian.com.
  42. ↑ Siddique, Haroon (21 July 2017). "Brenda Hale appointed as UK supreme court's first female president". The Guardian. Retrieved 28 May 2018.
  43. ↑ Women Lawyers' Journal. National Association of Women Lawyers. 1911.
  44. ↑ "Ada Summers | First 100 Years". first100years.org.uk. 10 July 2014. Retrieved 26 May 2018.
  45. ↑ "Agnes Twiston Hughes | First 100 Years". first100years.org.uk. 30 November 2016. Retrieved 27 September 2017.
  46. ↑ Wright, Rosalind (3 January 2020). "The Jewish women who were among the first to seize the opportunity to be lawyers". www.thejc.com. Retrieved 23 March 2022.
  47. ↑ Bourne, Judith (30 November 2016). Helena Normanton and the Opening of the Bar to Women. Waterside Press. ISBN   978-1-909976-32-0.
  48. ↑ Rackley, Erika (2013). Women, Judging and the Judiciary: From Difference to Diversity. Routledge. ISBN   978-0-415-54861-8.
  49. ↑ Godfrey, Barry; Lawrence, Paul (20 November 2014). Crime and Justice Since 1750. Routledge. ISBN   978-1-134-61805-7.
  50. ↑ "Dame Rose Heilbron". Daily Telegraph. 10 December 2005. ISSN   0307-1235 . Retrieved 26 May 2018.
  51. ↑ "Who is Baroness Hallett? The Covid inquiry chair who has riled Boris Johnson". Yahoo News. 15 June 2023. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  52. ↑ Dyer, Clare (2 July 2002). "Harriet Harman on her first year as solicitor general". The Guardian. Retrieved 31 May 2018.
  53. ↑ "Broadening Britain's judicial ranks". 11 March 2009. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
  54. ↑ Holton, Viki; Dent, Fiona Elsa (17 April 2012). Women In Business: Navigating Career Success. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN   978-0-230-28280-3.[ permanent dead link ]
  55. ↑ Siddique, Haroon (15 June 2023). "Dame Sue Carr appointed first female lord chief justice in England and Wales". The Guardian. Retrieved 15 June 2023.
  56. ↑ "Dame Sue Carr is first Lady Chief Justice, the top judge for England and Wales". BBC News. 2 October 2023. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
  57. ↑ Hymas, Charles (26 September 2023). "Britain's most senior judge to be called Lady Chief Justice". The Telegraph. ISSN   0307-1235 . Retrieved 27 September 2023.
  58. ↑ McNamara, Maedhbh; Mooney, Paschal (2000). Women in Parliament: Ireland, 1918–2000. Wolfhound Press. ISBN   978-0-86327-759-7.
  59. ↑ Hill, Myrtle (2003). Women in Ireland: A Century of Change. Blackstaff. ISBN   978-0-85640-740-6.
  60. ↑ New thinking for new times. Democratic Dialogue. 1995. ISBN   978-1-900281-00-3.
  61. ↑ "Eilis McDermott: From student radical to inquisitor-in-chief of Gerry Adams". BelfastTelegraph.co.uk. ISSN   0307-1235 . Retrieved 27 December 2017.
  62. ↑ "Woman tops barrister earnings list – Independent.ie". Independent.ie. Retrieved 27 December 2017.
  63. ↑ "Tributes as Derry judge Corinne Philpott dies". The Irish News. 18 June 2016. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  64. ↑ "Judge and former city recorder dies". BBC News. 17 June 2016. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  65. ↑ "Female judges appointed to NI High Court for first time". The Irish Times. Retrieved 27 December 2017.
  66. ↑ "First women NI High Court judges". BBC News. 23 October 2015. Retrieved 27 December 2017.
  67. ↑ "Female High Court judges – QUB". daro.qub.ac.uk. Retrieved 27 December 2017.
  68. ↑ "Mrs Justice Siobhan Keegan appointed North's first female chief justice". The Irish Times. Retrieved 8 September 2021.
  69. ↑ "Commonwealth Secretary-General | The Commonwealth". thecommonwealth.org. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 16 March 2018.
  70. ↑ "First women LLBs centenary | Scots Law News". Sln.law.ed.ac.uk. 4 April 2009. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
  71. ↑ "100 Years of Women in Law". Archive.li. 14 May 2009. Archived from the original on 14 May 2009. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
  72. ↑ Ewan, Elizabeth L.; Innes, Sue; Reynolds, Sian; Pipes, Rose (8 March 2006). The Biographical Dictionary of Scottish Women. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN   978-0-7486-2660-1.
  73. ↑ "Timeline | First 100 Years". first100years.org.uk. 16 September 2015. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
  74. ↑ "Scottish Law Commission :: Lady Clark appointed Chairman of Scottish Law Commission". www.scotlawcom.gov.uk. Retrieved 25 January 2024.
  75. ↑ "McConnell's cabinet: At-a-glance". 20 May 2003. Retrieved 14 December 2018.
  76. ↑ "Advocates elect first female vice dean in Faculty's 500 years". Law Society of Scotland. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
  77. ↑ "The Hon Lady Wolffe (Sarah Wolffe QC) - Judicial Office Holders - About the Judiciary - Judiciary of Scotland". www.scotland-judiciary.org.uk. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
  78. ↑ "Lorna Jack at the Law Society of Scotland". Law Society of Scotland. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
  79. ↑ Brathwaite, Joan A. (1999). Women and the Law: A Bibliographical Survey of Legal and Quasi-legal Materials with Special Reference to Commonwealth Caribbean Jurisdictions and Including Relevant Commonwealth Caribbean Legislation and Case Material. University of the West Indies Press. ISBN   9789766400699.
  80. ↑ Phillip-Dowe, Nicole; Martin, John Angus (11 May 2017). Perspectives on the Grenada Revolution, 1979-1983. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. ISBN   9781443893398.
  81. ↑ "QC praises Monica Joseph". The New Today Newspaper Grenada. 26 September 2013. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
  82. ↑ "Tribute by the OECS Bar Association – Grenada Broadcast". www.grenadabroadcast.com. Archived from the original on 10 June 2018. Retrieved 14 May 2018.
  83. ↑ "Tribute to Her Ladyship, the Hon. Dame Monica Joseph, Retired High Court Judge". Saint Lucia - Access Government. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
  84. ↑ "PAST PRESIDENTS – Anguilla Bar Association" . Retrieved 31 March 2022.
  85. ↑ "Nicole Sylvester calls for Legal Profession Bill". www.searchlight.vc. 2 March 2007. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
  86. ↑ "Former Judge in Anguilla to be First Female Chief Justice – A Message From Acting CJ Janice Pereira". theanguillian.com. 17 August 2012. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  87. ↑ "Dame Lois Browne Evans of Bermuda PLP Lawyer". Bernews. Retrieved 21 September 2017.
  88. ↑ "Senator Maynard Gibson gives remarks at the opening of the Dame Lois Browne Evans Building in Bermuda | Bahamaspress.com". bahamaspress.com. Archived from the original on 27 September 2017. Retrieved 26 September 2017.
  89. ↑ Bermuda Report. Department of Public Relations. 1972.
  90. ↑ The year of 1973 reflects when Kempe was called to the Bermuda Bar. She was called to the English Bar in 1970 (the figure that was previously listed on this page).
  91. ↑ "Kempe Certain To Become International Bar Association's First Woman President | News | Law Society Gazette". Law Society Gazette. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
  92. ↑ The Bermudian. Bermudian Publishing Company Limited. 1976.
  93. ↑ "Jamaican judge lauded by peers in Bermuda on her retirement". Jamaica Observer. 22 May 2016. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  94. ↑ CMC. "Bermuda-Jamaican-born retired judge awarded OBE". Archived from the original on 22 December 2017. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  95. ↑ "Justice Norma Wilson Wade-Miller '71". www.marygrove.edu. Archived from the original on 4 March 2018. Retrieved 4 March 2018.
  96. ↑ "Jamaican-born retired judge awarded OBE". Jamaica Observer. Archived from the original on 9 May 2018. Retrieved 8 May 2018.
  97. ↑ "CELEBRATING BLACK HISTORY AT THE INNS OF COURT" (PDF). Inner Temple Library. 2018.
  98. ↑ Jones, Simon (11 May 2017). "Bar has first black woman president". www.royalgazette.com. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
  99. ↑ Strangeways, Sam (2 December 2020). "Cindy Clarke appointed Director of Public Prosecutions". www.royalgazette.com. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
  100. ↑ Brathwaite, Joan A. (1999). Women and the Law: A Bibliographical Survey of Legal and Quasi-legal Materials with Special Reference to Commonwealth Caribbean Jurisdictions and Including Relevant Commonwealth Caribbean Legislation and Case Material. University of the West Indies Press. ISBN   9789766400699.
  101. ↑ The Caribbean Year Book. Caribook Limited. 1978.
  102. ↑ Phillip-Dowe, Nicole; Martin, John Angus (11 May 2017). Perspectives on the Grenada Revolution, 1979-1983. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. ISBN   9781443893398.
  103. ↑ "QC praises Monica Joseph". The New Today Newspaper Grenada. 26 September 2013. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
  104. ↑ "Tribute by the OECS Bar Association – Grenada Broadcast". www.grenadabroadcast.com. Archived from the original on 10 June 2018. Retrieved 14 May 2018.
  105. ↑ "Tribute to Her Ladyship, the Hon. Dame Monica Joseph, Retired High Court Judge". Saint Lucia - Access Government. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
  106. ↑ "Past Presidents". www.bvibar.org. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
  107. ↑ "Nicole Sylvester calls for Legal Profession Bill". www.searchlight.vc. 2 March 2007. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
  108. ↑ "Former Judge in Anguilla to be First Female Chief Justice – A Message From Acting CJ Janice Pereira". theanguillian.com. 17 August 2012. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  109. ↑ "Local A. Hermia Tench-Donovan becomes first female Maritime Barrister in VI | Virgin Islands News Online". www.virginislandsnewsonline.com. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
  110. ↑ Honouring Distinguished Women Archived 2020-06-14 at the Wayback Machine, Cayman Islands Government Information Services. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
  111. ↑ "BPW marks 30 years". Cayman Compass. 16 August 2006. Retrieved 13 June 2019.
  112. ↑ Klein, Michael. "Museum finally opens for business | The Journal". Archived from the original on 9 September 2018. Retrieved 13 June 2019.
  113. ↑ "Theresa Lewis Pitcairn BT candidate". Cayman Compass. 27 February 2009. Retrieved 10 May 2022.
  114. ↑ "Obituary: Former Justice Priya Levers 1946-2014". Cayman News Service. 7 January 2015. Retrieved 13 June 2019.
  115. ↑ Jones, Simon (14 January 2015). "Island's first female Crown counsel dies | The Royal Gazette:Bermuda News". The Royal Gazette. Retrieved 13 June 2019.
  116. ↑ "Prosecution chief appointed as judge". Cayman Compass. 23 November 2018. Retrieved 10 September 2021.
  117. ↑ Wilson, Stuart (29 January 2010). "Five receive QC honours". Cayman Compass. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
  118. ↑ "Hon Margaret Ramsay-Hale sworn in today as first female chief justice | Loop Cayman Islands". Loop News. Retrieved 17 January 2023.
  119. ↑ "First Caymanian lawyer appointed as Deputy Solicitor General". 13 July 2022. Retrieved 7 September 2023.
  120. ↑ "Women's historical appointments". 26 April 2005. Retrieved 22 February 2018.
  121. ↑ "Guernsey's first female Deputy Bailiff announced". ITV News. 2 September 2019. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
  122. ↑ Lemprière, Raoul (1976). Customs, Ceremonies and Traditions of the Channel Islands. Hale. ISBN   978-0-7091-5842-4.
  123. ↑ "Celebrating the success of women working in the local law and justice profession". Channel Eye. 19 February 2020. Retrieved 25 January 2024.
  124. ↑ "Law Society elects first female President". Bailiwick Express Jersey. Retrieved 26 January 2024.
  125. ↑ "Fierce Falklands competition?". New Law Journal. 142: 303. 6 March 1992.
  126. ↑ "Who's Who in the Secretariat?" (PDF). The Falkland Islands Times (7). October 1986.
  127. ↑ Hendry, Ian; Dickson, Susan (21 March 2011). British Overseas Territories Law. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN   9781847316356.
  128. ↑ "A trip down memory lane – Fifteen Years Ago, July 26, 1991" (PDF). Penguin News. 18 (12). 21 July 2006.
  129. ↑ "It's All Change as Locals Sweep In" (PDF). Penguin News. 1. 13 October 1989. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 November 2016. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
  130. ↑ Steiner, Sue; Liston, Robin; Grundy, Richard (2007). St Helena: Ascension, Tristan Da Cunha. Bradt Travel Guides. ISBN   9781841621982.
  131. ↑ Finn, Gemma. "History of the Directorate". fig.gov.fk. Retrieved 8 December 2017.
  132. ↑ Brock, Juanita (23 October 2006). "IT'S ALL CHANGE AT THE ATTORNEY GENERAL CHAMBERS". Falkland Islands News Network.
  133. 1 2 Finn, Gemma. "The History". fig.gov.fk. Retrieved 8 December 2017.
  134. ↑ Cheek, Rosalind (March 1996). "Postgraduate Students from the Falklands" (PDF). Falkland Islands Newsletter: 5.
  135. ↑ "Law Commissioner - Rosalind Cheek". Government Legal Services, Attorney General's Chambers, Stanley, Falkland Islands. 2017.
  136. ↑ "Windswept, remote...who would want to live in the Falkland Islands?". The Independent. 20 April 2013. Retrieved 15 September 2017.
  137. ↑ Falkland Islands Government (9 March 2016), Women of the Falkland Islands - Ros Cheek , retrieved 7 December 2017
  138. ↑ "Case Studies | Falkland Islands Government". falklands.gov.fk. Retrieved 8 December 2017.
  139. ↑ "Islander named as Principal Crown Counsel". MercoPress. Retrieved 8 December 2017.
  140. ↑ "Jewish Post 8 July 1955 — Hoosier State Chronicles: Indiana's Digital Historic Newspaper Program". newspapers.library.in.gov. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
  141. ↑ "International Women's Day – and – my Gibraltar angle". roughseasinthemed. 8 March 2012. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
  142. ↑ "Lives in Brief". The Times. 18 February 2008. ISSN   0140-0460 . Retrieved 3 October 2018.
  143. ↑ Ellicott, 133
  144. ↑ "Valerie Mirvis heads Rebbetzens Leadership Trip to Gibraltar – Office of the Chief Rabbi". Office of the Chief Rabbi. 25 May 2016. Retrieved 29 December 2017.
  145. ↑ "First woman Puisne Judge becomes first Gibraltarian woman made Bencher of the Middle Temple". GBC (Gibraltar Broadcasting Corporation). 7 December 2017.
  146. ↑ "Middle Temple". www.middletemple.org.uk. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
  147. ↑ "Gibraltar's first female judge appointed Bencher of the Middle Temple | Gibraltar Chronicle". Archived from the original on 3 October 2018. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
  148. ↑ "The Gibraltar Magazine". 26 April 2012. Retrieved 25 September 2017– via Issuu.
  149. ↑ Brufal, Mike (1 September 2017). "JUDGE JANET – The Rt. Hon. Dame Smith DBE – The Gibraltar Magazine". The Gibraltar Magazine. Retrieved 25 February 2018.
  150. ↑ Dame Janet first woman sworn in as Court of Appeal judge , retrieved 25 February 2018
  151. ↑ "Women in law: Isle of Man Law Society reflects on career progression and work/life balance | Isle of Man Law Society | The Regulatory and Professional Body of Manx Advocates, Young Lawyers Association, Legal Aid, Advocate Careers". iomlawsociety.co.im. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
  152. ↑ Edge, Peter W. (1 January 1995). "Lawyers & Empires: The Angllicisation of the Manx Bar and Judiciary". J. Legal Prof. 19: 29.
  153. ↑ "Isle of Man milestone celebrated". Manx Radio. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
  154. ↑ "New Senior Magistrate takes up post". MercoPress. Retrieved 11 December 2017.
  155. ↑ Brock, Juanita (10 July 2014). "Falklands : New Senior Magistrate and Coroner for the Falklands Appointed". Falkland Islands News Network.[ permanent dead link ]
  156. 1 2 "Women in law: Isle of Man Law Society reflects on career progression and work/life balance | Isle of Man Law Society | The Regulatory and Professional Body of Manx Advocates, Young Lawyers Association, Legal Aid, Advocate Careers". www.iomlawsociety.co.im. Retrieved 8 May 2019.
  157. ↑ "Woman 'first' in Manx judiciary". 29 April 2011. Retrieved 8 May 2019.
  158. ↑ Emily, Musil Church (1 April 2012). "Gaining Her Freedom: Slavery and Citizenship in the French Antilles". EScholarship.
  159. ↑ Phillip-Dowe, Nicole; Martin, John Angus (11 May 2017). Perspectives on the Grenada Revolution, 1979-1983. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. ISBN   9781443893398.
  160. ↑ "QC praises Monica Joseph". The New Today Newspaper Grenada. 26 September 2013. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
  161. ↑ "Tribute by the OECS Bar Association – Grenada Broadcast". www.grenadabroadcast.com. Archived from the original on 10 June 2018. Retrieved 14 May 2018.
  162. ↑ "Les Martiniquaises votent pour la première fois le 27 mai 1945 | Madinin-art Critiques Culturelles de Martinique" (in French). madinin-art.net. 27 May 2015. Retrieved 11 October 2017.
  163. ↑ "Nicole Sylvester calls for Legal Profession Bill". www.searchlight.vc. 2 March 2007. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
  164. ↑ Jarvis, Travis. "Montserrat DPP Resigns" . Retrieved 21 December 2022.
  165. ↑ "Former Judge in Anguilla to be First Female Chief Justice – A Message From Acting CJ Janice Pereira". theanguillian.com. 17 August 2012. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  166. ↑ "End of a legend as Pitcairn Island meets the modern law". The New Zealand Herald. 29 June 2001. ISSN   1170-0777 . Retrieved 22 August 2019.
  167. ↑ "Court says Pitcairn under British rule". The New Zealand Herald. 29 September 2004. ISSN   1170-0777 . Retrieved 22 August 2019.
  168. ↑ Rishworth, Paul (2012). "COUNTRY REPORT FOR PILON 2012: PITCAIRN, HENDERSON, DUCIE AND OENO ISLANDS" (PDF).
  169. ↑ "September 2012" . Retrieved 20 October 2017.
  170. ↑ "ARTICLE IN THE ST HELENA INDEPENDENT DATED 12 MAY 2006" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 August 2016. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
  171. ↑ "Turks and Caicos Weekly News - Issue 49 by TC Weekly News - Issuu". issuu.com. 10 December 2010. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
  172. ↑ Kelsea. "Shirley Simmons". www.td.bm. Archived from the original on 4 March 2018. Retrieved 4 March 2018.
  173. ↑ "Ceremony honours legal trailblazer | The Royal Gazette:Bermuda News". The Royal Gazette. Retrieved 4 March 2018.
  174. ↑ "Daughter of eminent Jamaican lawyer Ian Ramsay sworn in as chief justice of Turks & Caicos". Jamaica Observer. Retrieved 20 December 2017.
  175. ↑ "Margaret Ramsay-Hale is the first female TCI Chief Justice". tcweeklynews.com. Retrieved 20 December 2017.
  176. ↑ "Appointment of the Hon. Mrs. Justice Margaret Ramsay-Hale as Chief Justice of TCI" (PDF).
  177. ↑ Winker, Carol (2 November 2011). "Her Ladyship takes oath of office". Cayman Compass. Retrieved 6 May 2022.
  178. ↑ "TCI bids a fond farewell to Margaret Ramsay-Hale". Turks and Caicos Weekly News . 20 January 2020. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
  179. ↑ "Jamaican is new chief justice for the TCI". Jamaica Observer . 23 June 2014. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
  180. ↑ Times of the Islands. Times Publications Limited. 1987.
  181. ↑ "Sarah Knight". Misick & Stanbrook – Barristers & Attorneys. 24 July 2013. Archived from the original on 4 March 2018. Retrieved 4 March 2018.
  182. ↑ "Hon. Rhondalee Braithwaite-Knowles". www.gov.tc. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
  183. ↑ "New Queen's Counsel admitted to the Inner Bar". suntci.com. Retrieved 24 May 2022.
  184. ↑ Deandrea S Hamilton (9 February 2015). "Meloche officially "off-duty" from Public Prosecutions Office". Magnetic Media. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
  185. ↑ "Local lawyer sworn in as resident magistrate". tcweeklynews.com. Retrieved 2 April 2022.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.