World Chess Championship 1993

FIDE World Chess Championship 1993
	Defending champion
	Anatoly Karpov
	Anatoly Karpov
	Born 23 May 1951 ; 42 years old
	Runner-up of the 1990 World Chess Championship (replacement for Garry Kasparov)
	Rating: 2760 ; (World No. 2)
	← 1990 1996 (FIDE) →

Professional Chess Association World Chess Championship 1993
	Defending champion
	Garry Kasparov
	Garry Kasparov
	Born 13 April 1963 ; 30 years old
	Winner of the 1990 World Chess Championship
	Rating: 2815 ; (World No. 1)
	← 1990 1995 (PCA) →

Last updated April 15, 2024

The World Chess Championship 1993 was one of the most controversial matches in chess history, with incumbent World Chess Champion Garry Kasparov, and official challenger Nigel Short, splitting from FIDE, the official world governing body of chess, and playing their title match under the auspices of the Professional Chess Association. In response, FIDE stripped Kasparov of his title, and instead held a title match between Anatoly Karpov and Jan Timman.

1990 Interzonal Tournament

For the first time, the Interzonal was held as a Swiss system tournament in Manila in June and July 1990. 64 contestants played 13 rounds; the top 11 qualified for the Candidates Tournament.^[1]

1990 Interzonal Tournament
		Rating	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	Total
1	GM Boris Gelfand (Soviet Union)	2680	=26	+42	+3	=14	+29	=5	=2	=11	+8	=12	=6	=9	+16	9
2	GM Vasyl Ivanchuk (Soviet Union)	2680	−54	+41	+43	+21	+8	+48	=1	=6	=12	=10	=5	+17	=3	9
3	GM Viswanathan Anand (India)	2610	=32	+44	−1	+49	−13	=54	+47	=18	=14	+29	+37	+12	=2	8½
4	GM Nigel Short (England)	2610	+20	−21	−13	=46	+33	+24	+7	−8	+30	+18	=11	=6	+12	8½
5	GM Gyula Sax (Hungary)	2600	=22	+64	+51	+8	=48	=1	=12	=9	=13	=11	=2	=10	=7	8
6	GM Viktor Korchnoi (Switzerland)	2630	=31	+33	=7	=15	+28	=30	+29	=2	=11	=13	=1	=4	=10	8
7	GM Robert Hübner (West Germany)	2585	=38	+62	=6	=16	=17	=18	−4	+19	+48	+21	=10	=11	=5	8
8	GM Predrag Nikolić (Yugoslavia)	2600	+13	+58	+12	−5	−2	=19	+40	+4	−1	=17	=21	=14	+25	8
9	GM Leonid Yudasin (Soviet Union)	2615	=45	+49	−29	+55	+25	=14	+48	=5	−21	+16	=12	=1	=11	8
10	GM Sergey Dolmatov (Soviet Union)	2615	=24	=23	+27	=11	+39	=29	+30	−12	+15	=2	=7	=5	=6	8
11	GM Alexey Dreev (Soviet Union)	2615	=44	=32	+22	=10	=21	+13	+14	=1	=6	=5	=4	=7	=9	8
12	GM Mikhail Gurevich (Soviet Union)	2640	+43	+36	−8	+37	=14	+34	=5	+10	=2	=1	=9	−3	−4	7½
13	GM Branko Damljanovic (Yugoslavia)	2515	−8	+53	+4	=51	+3	−11	+34	+16	=5	=6	−17	=19	=15	7½
14	GM Kiril Georgiev (Bulgaria)	2580	+57	=16	+17	=1	=12	=9	−11	=31	=3	=15	+28	=8	=20	7½
15	GM Ljubomir Ljubojević (Yugoslavia)	2600	+40	=29	=16	=6	=18	=17	=21	+22	−10	=14	+36	=25	=13	7½
16	GM Jaan Ehlvest (Soviet Union)	2655	+56	=14	=15	=7	=30	=23	+19	−13	+31	−9	+22	+21	−1	7½
17	GM Alexander Khalifman (Soviet Union)	2615	=33	+31	−14	+24	=7	=15	+23	=21	=29	=8	+13	−2	=19	7½
18	GM Yasser Seirawan (United States)	2635	=42	=26	=30	+56	=15	=7	=31	=3	+40	−4	=27	=24	+22	7½
19	GM Alexei Shirov (Soviet Union)	2580	=55	=35	=23	=33	+42	=8	−16	−7	+32	+50	+29	=13	=17	7½
20	GM Jóhann Hjartarson (Iceland)	2520	−4	+61	−37	−40	+38	−36	+45	=47	+54	=39	+42	+34	=14	7½
21	GM Nick de Firmian (United States)	2560	+61	+4	=48	−2	=11	+37	=15	=17	+9	−7	=8	−16	=28	7
22	GM Gad Rechlis (Israel)	2505	=5	=28	−11	+27	=47	=25	+46	−15	+41	+48	−16	+37	−18	7
23	IM Vasil Spasov (Bulgaria)	2495	=34	=10	=19	+36	=51	=16	−17	=44	−39	+43	=35	=26	+49	7
24	IM Igor Štohl (Czechoslovakia)	2525	=10	−34	+45	−17	+58	−4	+43	+39	=50	−37	+44	=18	=27	7
25	GM Michael Adams (England)	2590	+46	=63	+50	−29	−9	=22	=39	=49	+44	=27	+30	=15	−8	7
26	GM Roman Dzindzichashvili (United States)	2560	=1	=18	+38	−30	=31	=46	=63	=34	=36	=42	=39	=23	+41	7
27	GM Ľubomír Ftáčnik (Czechoslovakia)	2550	−51	+59	−10	−22	+64	=32	+57	=37	+34	=25	=18	=36	=24	7
28	GM Boris Gulko (United States)	2600	=64	=22	=32	+58	−6	=47	=41	=36	=33	+31	−14	+45	=21	7
29	GM Joël Lautier (France)	2570	+60	=15	+9	+25	−1	=10	−6	+50	=17	−3	−19	=39	=35	6½
30	GM Smbat Lputian (Soviet Union)	2575	+59	=51	=18	+26	=16	=6	−10	=48	−4	+33	−25	=41	=36	6½
31	GM Miguel Illescas (Spain)	2535	=6	−17	=64	+38	=26	+51	=18	=14	−16	−28	=32	+44	=37	6½
32	GM Božidar Ivanović (Yugoslavia)	2520	=3	=11	=28	−50	=36	=27	=53	=54	−19	+55	=31	=48	+56	6½
33	GM Eugenio Torre (Philippines)	2530	=17	−6	+62	=19	−4	=49	=42	+46	=28	−30	−45	+51	+48	6½
34	GM Simen Agdestein (Norway)	2600	=23	+24	+63	−48	+50	−12	−13	=26	−27	+52	+40	−20	=39	6½
35	IM Mihail Marin (Romania)	2485	=37	=19	=36	−39	=49	=42	−56	+55	+47	=40	=23	=50	=29	6½
36	GM Mikhail Tal (Soviet Union)	2580	+52	−12	=35	−23	=32	+20	=37	=28	=26	+56	−15	=27	=30	6½
37	GM Tony Miles (England)	2595	=35	=55	+20	−12	+43	−21	=36	=27	+49	+24	−3	−22	=31	6½
38	GM Jaime Sunye Neto (Brazil)	2465	=7	=39	−26	−31	−20	=60	=59	+58	=53	+47	=48	=42	+50	6½
39	GM Andrei Sokolov (Soviet Union)	2570	=62	=38	=54	+35	−10	=41	=25	−24	+23	=20	=26	=29	=34	6½
40	GM Petar Popović (Yugoslavia)	2520	−15	=60	=42	+20	+63	=50	−8	+56	−18	=35	−34	=49	=45	6
41	IM Goran Čabrilo (Yugoslavia)	2485	−48	−2	=59	+60	+56	=39	=28	=42	−22	+49	=50	=30	−26	6
42	GM Kevin Spraggett (Canada)	2540	=18	−1	=40	+64	−19	=35	=33	=41	+51	=26	−20	=38	=46	6
43	GM Alonso Zapata (Colombia)	2545	−12	+52	−2	+53	−37	=57	−24	−51	+61	−23	+58	=54	+55	6
44	GM Ye Rongguang (China)	2525	=11	−3	−49	+62	−55	+58	+51	=23	−25	+57	−24	−31	+54	6
45	GM Eric Lobron (West Germany)	2535	=9	−50	−24	=59	+52	−56	−20	=57	+60	+54	+33	−28	=40	6
46	IM Stuart Rachels (United States)	2475	−25	+47	=58	=4	=54	=26	−22	−33	−57	+62	=56	+52	=42	6
47	GM Margeir Petursson (Iceland)	2550	−63	−46	+57	+52	=22	=28	−3	=20	−35	−38	+60	=56	+59	6
48	GM Lajos Portisch (Hungary)	2590	+41	+54	=21	+34	=5	−2	−9	=30	−7	−22	=38	=32	−33	5½
49	GM Ian Rogers (Australia)	2535	=50	−9	+44	−3	=35	=33	+55	=25	−37	−41	+53	=40	−23	5½
50	GM Rafael Vaganian (Soviet Union)	2630	=49	+45	−25	+32	−34	=40	+54	−29	=24	−19	=41	=35	−38	5½
51	GM Gata Kamsky (United States)	2650	+27	=30	−5	=13	=23	−31	−44	+43	−42	=53	=52	−33	+60	5½
52	IM Lin Ta (China)	2435	−36	−43	+61	−47	−45	+64	+62	=53	=56	−34	=51	−46	+58	5½
53	GM Vasily Smyslov (Soviet Union)	2570	−58	−13	+60	−43	−57	+59	=32	=58	=38	=51	−49	=62	+61	5½
54	GM Murray Chandler (New Zealand)	2560	+2	−48	=39	=63	=46	=3	−50	=32	−20	−45	+61	=43	−44	5
55	IM Rico Mascariñas (Philippines)	2465	=19	=37	=56	−9	+44	−63	−49	−35	+59	−32	+62	=61	−43	5
56	IM Walter Arencibia (Cuba)	2555	−16	+57	=55	−18	−41	+45	+35	−40	=52	−36	=46	=47	−32	5
57	IM Herman Claudius van Riemsdijk (Brazil)	2440	−14	−56	−47	+61	+53	=43	−27	=45	+46	−44	=59	−60	=62	5
58	IM Fouad El Taher (Egypt)	2375	+53	−8	=46	−28	−24	−44	=60	−38	=62	=61	−43	+59	−52	4
59	IM Carlos Armando Juárez Flores (Guatemala)	2425	−30	−27	=41	=45	=62	−53	=38	=61	−55	+60	=57	−58	−47	4
60	IM Leon David Piasetski (Canada)	2410	−29	=40	−53	−41	=61	=38	=58	=62	−45	−59	−47	+57	−51	3½
61	IM Slaheddine Hmadi (Tunisia)	2335	−21	−20	−52	−57	=60	=62	+64	=59	−43	=58	−54	=55	−53	3½
62	IM Assem Afifi (Egypt)	2400	=39	−7	−33	−44	=59	=61	−52	=60	=58	−46	−55	=53	=57	3½
63	GM Valery Salov (Soviet Union)	2655	+47	=25	−34	=54	−40	+55	=26	-	-	-	-	-	-	3½
64	IM Praveen Thipsay (India)	2490	=28	−5	=31	−42	−27	−52	−61	-	-	-	-	-	-	1

Salov and Thipsay withdrew after seven rounds.

1991–93 Candidates Tournament

The final four players from the 1988–90 Candidates tournament—Karpov, Timman, Yusupov and Speelman—were seeded directly into the Candidates. They were joined by the top 11 finishers from the Interzonal. These 15 players played a series of Candidates matches.^[2] If matches were tied after the allotted games, extra pairs of rapid chess games were played until one player had the lead.^[3]

The preliminary matches were played in Sarajevo (Timman-Hübner and Gelfand-Nikolić), Wijk aan Zee (Korchnoi-Sax and Yusupov-Dolmatov), Riga (Ivanchuk-Yudasin), London (Short-Speelman), and Madras (Anand-Dreev) in January and February 1991. All four quarterfinals were played in Brussels in August 1991, both semifinals in Linares in April 1992, and the final in San Lorenzo del Escorial in January 1993.

Round of 16 (best of 8)

Quarterfinals (best of 8)

Semifinals (best of 10)

Final (best of 14)

Jan Timman

4½

Robert Hübner

2½

Jan Timman

4½

Victor Korchnoi

2½

Victor Korchnoi

5½

Gyula Sax

4½

Jan Timman

6

Artur Yusupov

4

Artur Yusupov

6½

Sergey Dolmatov

5½

Artur Yusupov

5½

Vasyl Ivanchuk

4½

Vasyl Ivanchuk

4½

Leonid Yudasin

½

Jan Timman

5½

Nigel Short

7½

Nigel Short

5½

Jon Speelman

4½

Nigel Short

5

Boris Gelfand

3

Boris Gelfand

5½

Predrag Nikolić

4½

Nigel Short

6

Anatoly Karpov

4

Viswanathan Anand

4½

Alexei Dreev

1½

Viswanathan Anand

3½

Anatoly Karpov

4½

(no opponent)

Anatoly Karpov

1993 PCA match

Before the match could take place, both Kasparov and Short complained of corruption and a lack of professionalism within FIDE and split from FIDE to set up the Professional Chess Association (PCA), under whose auspices they held their match. The event was orchestrated largely by Raymond Keene. Keene brought the event to London (FIDE had planned it for Manchester), and England was whipped up into something of a chess fever: Channel 4 broadcast some 81 programmes on the match, the BBC also had coverage, and Short appeared in television beer commercials. The Kasparov–Short final was best of 24 games, played in London in September and October 1993.^[4]

PCA World Chess Championship Match 1993
	Rating	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	Total
Garry Kasparov (Russia)	2815	1	½	1	1	½	½	1	½	1	½	½	½	½	½	1	0	½	½	½	½	12½
Nigel Short (England)	2665	0	½	0	0	½	½	0	½	0	½	½	½	½	½	0	1	½	½	½	½	7½

After the actual match, the players filled out the last four days of the playing schedule by playing a series of seven exhibition games (with openings chosen by the arbiter) that Kasparov won 5–2 (+4−1=2). There was also a game in which Kasparov and Short teamed up to play against the commentary team (which lost). In the wake of the decisive victory by Kasparov, interest in chess in the UK soon died down.

1993 FIDE match

As a result of the unauthorized PCA match, FIDE stripped Kasparov of his title, removed him and Short from their rating lists, and arranged an "official" match between Timman and Karpov, whom Short had beaten in the Candidates final and semifinal respectively. The FIDE match was played in Zwolle, Arnhem, Amsterdam, and Jakarta in September to November 1993.

FIDE World Chess Championship Match 1993
	Rating	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	Total
Jan Timman (Netherlands)	2620	0	1	½	½	½	0	½	½	½	0	½	½	½	0	0	0	½	½	½	1	½	8½
Anatoly Karpov (Russia)	2760	1	0	½	½	½	1	½	½	½	1	½	½	½	1	1	1	½	½	½	0	½	12½

Karpov won the best-of-24 match and thus regained the FIDE championship title that he had previously held from 1975 to 1985 before losing it to Kasparov.^[5]

Related Research Articles

Anatoly Yevgenyevich Karpov is a Russian and former Soviet chess grandmaster, former World Chess Champion, ⁣and politician. He was the 12th World Chess Champion from 1975 to 1985, a three-time FIDE World Champion, twice World Chess champion as a member of the USSR team, and a six-time winner of Chess Olympiads as a member of the USSR team. The International Association of Chess Press awarded him nine Chess Oscars.

Jan Timman is a Dutch chess grandmaster who was one of the world's leading chess players from the late 1970s to the early 1990s. At the peak of his career, he was considered to be the best non-Soviet player and was known as "The Best of the West". He has won the Dutch Chess Championship nine times and has been a Candidate for the World Chess Championship several times. He lost the title match of the 1993 FIDE World Championship against Anatoly Karpov.

The World Chess Championship is played to determine the world champion in chess. The current world champion is Ding Liren, who defeated his opponent Ian Nepomniachtchi in the 2023 World Chess Championship. Magnus Carlsen, the previous world champion, had declined to defend his title.

Nigel David Short is an English chess grandmaster, columnist, coach and commentator who has been the FIDE Director for Chess Development since September 2022. Short earned the title of grandmaster at the age of 19 and was ranked third in the world by FIDE from July 1988 to July 1989. In 1993, he became the first English player to play a World Chess Championship match, when he qualified to play Garry Kasparov in the PCA world championship in London, where Kasparov won 12½ to 7½.

The Professional Chess Association (PCA), which existed between 1993 and 1996, was a rival organisation to FIDE, the international chess organization. The PCA was created in 1993 by Garry Kasparov and Nigel Short for the marketing and organization of their chess world championship.

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Valery Salov is a Russian chess grandmaster who was ranked third in the world in 1995.

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Below is a list of events in chess in 1993, as well as the top ten FIDE rated chess players of that year.

Below is a list of events in chess in 1992, as well as the top ten FIDE rated chess players of that year.

Below is a list of events in chess in 1991, as well as the top ten FIDE rated chess players of that year.

The FIDE World Chess Championship 1998 was contested in a match between the FIDE World Champion Anatoly Karpov and the challenger Viswanathan Anand. The match took place between 2 January and 9 January 1998 in Lausanne, Switzerland. The challenger was determined in a tournament held in Groningen, Netherlands, between 9 December and 30 December 1997. After the championship match ended in a draw, Karpov won the rapid playoff, becoming the 1998 FIDE World Chess Champion.

The 1987 World Chess Championship was played between Anatoly Karpov and Garry Kasparov in Seville from October 12 to December 19, 1987. Before the 24th game, Kasparov was down 12–11, but in the 24th game, Kasparov made a comeback by using the English Opening to win the final game to retain his title.

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References

↑ 1990 Manila Interzonal Tournament, Mark Weeks' Chess Pages
↑ 1991–93 Candidates Matches, Mark Weeks' Chess Pages
↑ World Championships 1/4-finals, round 8, Usenet rec.games.chess, August 24, 1991
↑ 1993 Kasparov–Short PCA Title Match, Mark Weeks' Chess Pages
↑ 1993 Karpov–Timman FIDE Title Match, Mark Weeks' Chess Pages

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[1] 1990 Manila Interzonal Tournament, Mark Weeks' Chess Pages

[2] 1991–93 Candidates Matches, Mark Weeks' Chess Pages

[3] World Championships 1/4-finals, round 8, Usenet rec.games.chess, August 24, 1991

[4] 1993 Kasparov–Short PCA Title Match, Mark Weeks' Chess Pages

[5] 1993 Karpov–Timman FIDE Title Match, Mark Weeks' Chess Pages

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

World Chess Championship 1993

Contents

1990 Interzonal Tournament

1991–93 Candidates Tournament

1993 PCA match

1993 FIDE match

Related Research Articles

References