| Xylopsocus gibbicollis | |
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| Species: | X. gibbicollis |
| Binomial name | |
| Xylopsocus gibbicollis (Macleay, 1873) | |
| Synonyms | |
Rhyzopertha gibbicollisMacleay, 1873 | |
Xylopsocus gibbicollis, common name "common auger beetle", is a species of beetle of the family Bostrichidae. [1]
Adults of X. gibbicollis are black or brown in colour. They are about 2 mm long and 1 mm wide. The "head" (actually the pronotum, which covers the head from above) is rounded. The end of the abdomen is flat, looking as if it has been sliced off. They can be mistaken for Xyleborus dispar , the small fruit tree borer, but that species is smaller and less common in vineyards. [2]
According to the original description by William John Macleay (under the name Rhizopertha gibbicollis), the body length is 1.5 lines (equivalent to about 3.2 mm). The body is short and oblong in shape, black in colour, subnitid (not strongly shiny) and covered in punctures. The thorax (presumably referring to the prothorax) is broader than long, very convex and rough-surfaced, with teeth in front and smooth behind. The elytra are dark red on the basal half, and slope away flatly from near the middle to the apex. This flat surface (the apical declivity) is surrounded by a margin except near the elytral suture on the upper part. The underside of the abdomen has fine white hairs. The legs and antennae are dark red. [3]
As for the immature stages, the larvae are cream to white in colour, legless and have black jaws. At maturity, they are 3 mm long and 1 mm in diameter. Pupae are cream-coloured initially and turn brown as they develop. [2]
The common auger beetle is a wood borer. It attacks mainly log or sawn timber, but will also attack dead or dying tissue in trees. It also feeds on sapwood that has a high starch content. [4]
It is a pest of grapevines. Adults are drawn to volatiles emitted by stressed or recently dead plants, where they lay their eggs and where larvae and pupae develop. Adults also bore into grapevines, weakening them via internal girdling. Heavy infestations cause sap to exude from vines. [2]
Xylopsocus gibbicollis has also been listed as a pest of Australian custard apples (a hybrid of sugar apples and cherimoyas) [5] and hail-damaged avocado trees. [6]
The beetle has been found in cortical tissue of dead Albizia lebbeck seedlings. [4] It has also been found in smaller branches of Corymbia torelliana (=Eucalyptus torelliana) burnt by fire. [7]
The emerald ash borer, also known by the acronym EAB, is a green buprestid or jewel beetle native to north-eastern Asia that feeds on ash species. Females lay eggs in bark crevices on ash trees, and larvae feed underneath the bark of ash trees to emerge as adults in one to two years. In its native range, it is typically found at low densities and does not cause significant damage to trees native to the area. Outside its native range, it is an invasive species and is highly destructive to ash trees native to Europe and North America. Before it was found in North America, very little was known about emerald ash borer in its native range; this has resulted in much of the research on its biology being focused in North America. Local governments in North America are attempting to control it by monitoring its spread, diversifying tree species, and through the use of insecticides and biological control.
The term woodboring beetle encompasses many species and families of beetles whose larval or adult forms eat and destroy wood. In the woodworking industry, larval stages of some are sometimes referred to as woodworms. The three most species-rich families of woodboring beetles are longhorn beetles, bark beetles and weevils, and metallic flat-headed borers. Woodboring is thought to be the ancestral ecology of beetles, and bores made by beetles in fossil wood extend back to the earliest fossil record of beetles in the Early Permian (Asselian), around 295-300 million years ago.
The Bostrichidae are a family of beetles with more than 700 described species. They are commonly called auger beetles, false powderpost beetles, or horned powderpost beetles. The head of most auger beetles cannot be seen from above, as it is downwardly directed and hidden by the thorax. Exceptions are the powderpost beetles, and members of the subfamily Psoinae.
Macrodactylus subspinosus is a North American beetle of the family Scarabaeidae. The members of its genus are known as "rose chafers", not to be confused with the European rose chafer, Cetonia aurata. M. subspinosus occurs from Eastern Canada to Colorado and is considered a pest of many crops and flowers. It is given its common name of rose chafer because it eats the leaves of roses, although it also feeds on many other plants.
The wharf borer, Nacerdes melanura, belongs to the insect order Coleoptera, the beetles. They belong to the family Oedemeridae, known as false blister beetles. Wharf borers are present in all the states of the USA except for Florida. It takes about a year to develop from an egg to an adult. The name 'wharf borer comes from the larval stage of this insect, which often lingers on pilings and timbers of wharves, especially along coastal areas. The adult beetles are identifiable via a black band across the end of both elytra. In addition, wharf borers are distinct from other members of the family Oedemeridae due to the presence of a single spur on the tibia of the forelegs and the distance between both eyes. The female beetle oviposits eggs on rotten wood, on which the larvae hatch, burrow, then feed. Adults do not eat and depend on stored energy reserves accumulated as a larva. They are considered a pest because they damage wood used in building infrastructures.
Xanthocryptus novozealandicus, the lemon tree borer parasite, is a wasp in the family Ichneumonidae. It is a native insect of New Zealand. It is also found in Australia and New Guinea. Females hunt for larvae of wood-boring beetles around March, including the lemon tree borer, a native cerambycid that tunnels into citrus trees, grapes and many native species. When a suitable host is found, the female pushes her ovipositor through the wood and injects her eggs into the grub. This has the incidental benefit of helping to control some pests. X. novozealandicus prefers to prey on second year lemon tree borer larvae. This specific parasite prefers to prey on larger second year larvae due to its larger size.
Rhyzopertha is a monotypic genus of beetles in the family Bostrichidae, the false powderpost beetles. The sole species, Rhyzopertha dominica, is known commonly as the lesser grain borer, American wheat weevil, Australian wheat weevil, and stored grain borer. It is a beetle commonly found within store bought products and pest of stored cereal grains located worldwide. It is also a major pest of peanuts. The first documentation of wheat infestation by R. dominica was observed in Australia. R. dominica are usually reddish brown to dark brown in coloration, vary in sizes, elongated and cylindrical.
Xylopsocus is an Asian genus of beetles, containing seventeen species. One of these, Xylopsocus capucinus, has become established in Florida, while another, Xylopsocus castanoptera, has been intercepted at ports in North America. Xylopsocus gibbicollis is native to Australia.
Apate terebrans, common names shot-hole borer or trunk borer or girdler, is a species of horned powder-post beetles belonging to the family Bostrichidae.
Heterobostrychus is a genus of beetles in the family Bostrichidae, the horned powder post beetles. Like other beetles of the family, these live in wood, often inflicting significant damage on timber and other wood products. This genus can also be found in crop plants such as cassava, potato, coffee, oilseeds, and pulse crops.
Phoracantha semipunctata, the Australian Eucalyptus longhorn, is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. Native to Australia, it has now spread to many parts of the world, including practically all countries where tree species of Eucalyptus have been introduced. It has been classified as an invasive pest species of Eucalyptus outside Australia.
Indarbela quadrinotata, the bark-eating caterpillar, is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in India and Sri Lanka. It was described by Francis Walker in 1856.
Tree injection—also known as trunk injection or stem injection,—is a method of targeting a precise application of pesticides, plant resistance activators, or fertilizers into the xylem vascular tissue of a tree with the purpose of protecting the tree from pests, or to inject nutrients to correct for nutrient deficiencies. This method largely relies on harnessing the tree's vascular system to translocate and distribute the active compounds into the wood, canopy and roots where protection or nutrition is needed.
Tribolium is a genus of flour beetles in the family Tenebrionidae. They are known by various common names including flour beetles, flour weevils, red weevils and bran bugs.
Anoplognathus brunnipennis, commonly known as the brown- or golden-brown Christmas beetle, is a beetle of the family Scarabaeidae native to eastern Australia, being common in coastal Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria, the Great Dividing Range and the Murray-Darling river basin.
Xylosandrus compactus is a species of ambrosia beetle. Common names for this beetle include black twig borer, black coffee borer, black coffee twig borer and tea stem borer. The adult beetle is dark brown or black and inconspicuous; it bores into a twig of a host plant and lays its eggs, and the larvae create further tunnels through the plant tissues. These beetles are agricultural pests that damage the shoots of such crops as coffee, tea, cocoa and avocado.
The lemon tree borer, also known as the whistling beetle or the singing beetle, is a longhorn beetle endemic to New Zealand. Its larvae are generalist feeders, boring into the wood of a wide variety of trees, native and introduced. When citrus orchards were first established in New Zealand, this beetle started inflicting serious damage, and so gained the name "lemon tree borer". Four species within the genus Oemona have been identified, suggesting that more species could be found. When disturbed by predators or humans, the adult beetle stridulates creating a "rasp" or "squeak" sound by rubbing its thorax and head together against an area of thin ridges. Māori would eat a liquid called "pia manuka", which was produced by manuka trees when its wood was damaged by the larvae. When Captain Cook first arrived in NZ, his naturalists, Banks and Solander, collected a lemon tree borer in their first collection between 1769 and 1771. This oldest collected specimen can be found in the British Museum. A few years after the first collection, the species would be first described by the Danish naturalist Fabricius in 1775.
Twig borer refers to a number of species of beetles and moths that chew holes into small branches of trees and shrubs. Many of these insects are agricultural pests. Animals that are called twig borers include:
Xyleborus perforans, commonly known as island pinhole borer, is a species of weevil native in the Oriental region through to Australia but shows a cosmopolitan distribution due to introduction to many parts of the world.
Planococcus ficus, commonly known as the vine mealybug, is a species of mealybug, belonging to the family Pseudococcidae, native to tropical and subtropical regions. The vine mealybug is found in Europe, Northern Africa, Southern Africa, the Americas, and the Middle East. The vine mealybug is invasive to weedy plants in many different regions of the world.