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Crunk is a subgenre of southern hip hop that emerged in the early 1990s and gained mainstream success during the early to mid 2000s. Crunk is often up-tempo and one of Southern hip hop's more nightclub-oriented subgenres. Distinguishing itself with other Southern hip hop subgenres, crunk is marked and characterized by its energetic accelerated musical tempo, club appeal, recurrent chants frequently executed in a call and response manner, multilayered synths, its pronounced reliance on resounding 808 basslines, and rudimentary musical arrangement. An archetypal crunk track frequently uses a dominant groove composed of a nuanced utilization of intricately multilayered keyboard synthesizers organized in a recurring pattern, seamlessly shifting from a lower to a higher pitch that encompasses the song's primary central rhythm, both in terms of its harmonic and melodic aspects. The main groove is then wrapped up with looped, stripped-down, and crisp 808 dance claps and manipulated snare rolls coupled and accompanied by a bassline of thumping 808 kick drums. The term "crunk" was also used throughout the 2000s as a blanket term to denote any style of Southern hip hop, a side effect of the genre's breakthrough to the mainstream. The word derives from its African-American Vernacular English past-participle form, "crunk", of the verb "to crank". It refers to being excited or high on drugs.
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References
- 1 2 "Ying Yang Twins Album & Song Chart History: Billboard 200". Billboard . Prometheus Global Media . Retrieved May 8, 2012.
- 1 2 3 "Ying Yang Twins Album & Song Chart History: Independent Albums". Billboard . Prometheus Global Media . Retrieved May 8, 2012.
- 1 2 3 "Ying Yang Twins Album & Song Chart History: R&B/Hip-Hop Albums". Billboard . Prometheus Global Media . Retrieved May 8, 2012.
- 1 2 3 "Ying Yang Twins Album & Song Chart History: Rap Albums". Billboard . Prometheus Global Media . Retrieved May 8, 2012.
- ↑ "Chartverfolgung / Ying Yang Twins / Longplay". musicline.de (in German). Media Control Charts . Retrieved May 8, 2012.
- 1 2 3 "Gold & Platinum: Ying Yang Twins". Recording Industry Association of America . Retrieved January 13, 2022.
- 1 2 "Ying Yang Twins Album & Song Chart History: Hot 100". Billboard . Prometheus Global Media . Retrieved May 8, 2012.
- 1 2 "Ying Yang Twins Album & Song Chart History: R&B/Hip-Hop Songs". Billboard . Prometheus Global Media . Retrieved May 8, 2012.
- 1 2 Peak chart positions for singles on the Hot Rap Singles and Hot Rap Songs charts:
- All except "Whistle While You Twurk": "Ying Yang Twins Album & Song Chart History: Rap Songs". Billboard . Prometheus Global Media . Retrieved May 8, 2012.
- "Whistle While You Twurk": "Ying Yang Twins > Charts & Awards > Billboard Singles". Allmusic . Rovi Corporation . Retrieved May 8, 2012.
- ↑ Australian chart positions:
- "Naggin'"/"Salt Shaker": "The ARIA Report: Week Commencing 22 November 2004" (PDF) (768). Australian Web Archive. December 20, 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 19, 2004. Retrieved August 17, 2014.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - "Wait (The Whisper Song)": "The ARIA Report: Week Commencing 18 July 2005" (PDF) (803). Australian Web Archive. July 20, 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 19, 2005. Retrieved August 17, 2014.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - "Shake" and "Dangerous": Ryan, Gavin (2011). Australia's Music Charts 1988–2010 (PDF ed.). Mt Martha, Victoria, Australia: Moonlight Publishing. p. 307.
- "Naggin'"/"Salt Shaker": "The ARIA Report: Week Commencing 22 November 2004" (PDF) (768). Australian Web Archive. December 20, 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 19, 2004. Retrieved August 17, 2014.
- ↑ "Discografie Ying Yang Twins". ultratop.be (in Dutch). Hung Medien. Retrieved May 8, 2012.
- ↑ Peak chart positions for singlies in Germany:
- "Salt Shaker": "Chartverfolgung / YING YANG TWINS FEAT.LIL JON / Single". musicline.de (in German). Media Control Charts . Retrieved May 8, 2012.
- "Wait (The Whisper Song)": "Chartverfolgung / Ying Yang Twins / Single". musicline.de (in German). Media Control Charts . Retrieved May 8, 2012.
- "Dangerous": "Chartverfolgung / Ying Yang Twins Feat.Jean,Wyclef / Single". musicline.de (in German). Media Control Charts . Retrieved May 8, 2012.
- ↑ "Discografie Ying Yang Twins". dutchcharts.nl (in Dutch). Hung Medien. Retrieved May 8, 2012.
- ↑ "Ying Yang Twins Featuring Pitbull". The Official Charts Company . Retrieved May 8, 2012.
- ↑ "British single certifications – Lil Jon & The East Side Boyz – Get Low". British Phonographic Industry . Retrieved January 22, 2023.
- ↑ "Lil Chopper Toy". AllMusic. September 10, 2002. Retrieved November 8, 2012.
- ↑ "Shawty Thick Feat. The Ying Yang Twins". AllMusic. Retrieved November 8, 2012.
- ↑ "The Greatest Hits". AllMusic. October 19, 2004. Retrieved November 8, 2012.
- ↑ "Thug Matrimony: Married to the Streets". AllMusic. October 26, 2004. Retrieved November 8, 2012.
- ↑ "Crunk Juice". AllMusic. November 16, 2004. Retrieved November 8, 2012.
- ↑ "Napalm". AllMusic. June 6, 2006. Retrieved November 8, 2012.
- ↑ "Second Season". AllMusic. September 30, 2008. Retrieved November 8, 2012.
- ↑ "Crunk Rock". AllMusic. June 8, 2010. Retrieved November 8, 2012.
- ↑ "Pastor Troy - Crown Royal 4". LiveMixtapes. January 28, 2014. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
- ↑ "Mickie James - Left Right Left". YouTube. April 5, 2018. Archived from the original on December 21, 2021. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
- ↑ Kaye, Ben (July 8, 2021). "Dizzy Fae details Origins of Ying Yang Twins collaboration "Body Move (Remix)": Exclusive". Consequence. Retrieved October 10, 2022.