| Common fourring | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Nymphalidae |
| Genus: | Ypthima |
| Species: | Y. huebneri |
| Binomial name | |
| Ypthima huebneri Kirby, 1871 | |
Ypthima huebneri, [1] the common fourring, [2] [3] is a species of Satyrinae butterfly found in Asia. [2] [3]
Upperside greyish brown. Forewing with the usual comparatively large, bi-pupilled, yellow-ringed, black preapical ocellus. Hindwing usually with two, sometimes with three, very rarely without any, smaller similar uni-pupilled postdiscal ocelli. Underside greyish white, not very densely covered with transverse short brown striae. Forewing with the preapical ocellus as on the upperside, obscure discal and subterminal dull brown transverse fasciae and a narrow brown ring round the ocellus diffusely produced posteriorly. Hindwing with one apical and typically three postdiscal posterior ocelli placed in a curve; traces of transverse brown discal and subterminal fasciae in most specimens. Antenna, head, thorax and abdomen greyish brown, the abdomen paler beneath. Male without secondary sex-mark. [4] [5]
Similar, somewhat paler on both upper and under sides; the discal and subterminal transverse fasciae more pronounced; the ocelli on the underside of the hindwing minute or absent. [4] [5]
Adults have a wingspan of 40–43 mm.
Var. jocularia, Swinhoe, is the pale form from Western India "said by Messrs. Elwes and Edwards to be nearest to kashmira, Moore." (quoted in Bingham)
Race kashmira, Moore, differs from the typical form in the darker and more uniform colour of the upperside, in the ground colour on the underside being dull brownish not white, and the wings non-fasciated in most specimens, or with only the sub-terminal fascia on the forewing. The clasp in the male differs, however, considerably from that of Y. huebneri. [5]
Wingspan of 33–39 mm. Found in the north-western Himalayas; Kashmir; southern India, Mysore and the Anaimalai Hills (fide Elwes quoted in Bingham).
Race ceylonica: Upperside Vandyke brown to dark sepia brown. Forewing uniform, with the usual single preapical ocellus. Hindwing: posterior half, sometimes less than half, pure white, with two or three small posterior ocelli, a lunular incomplete subterminal and an even slender terminal brown line. Underside white with somewhat sparse, short, delicate, fine transverse brown stride, getting denser towards the apex of the forewing. Forewing with the ocellus, a brown ring surrounding it very broad and very broadly and diffusely produced downwards, discal and subterminal transverse fascial obscure. Hindwing with four ocelli in a curve, the anal bi-pupilled; traces of a discal transverse brown fascia and of a lunular subterminal brown line. Antennae, head, thorax and abdomen brown; abdomen white beneath. Wingspan of 34–40 mm. Found in Bengal, Orissa; southern India, the Nilgiris, Travancore: Sri Lanka. [4] [5]
Throughout Peninsular India, Nepal, Assam, Burma, Malaysia, Cambodia and Indochina.
Larva. About one inch (25 mm) in length, with two divergent processes from the anal segment pointing backwards. "Colour entirely green with a dorsal line somewhat darker green, which becomes white at the fourth segment, and extends right through the crown of the head; there is also a paler green lateral line below the spiracles." (de Niceville quoted in Bingham) [4] Host plants include Axonopus compressus . [6]
Pupa. "Green or brown, with the head rounded, the edges of the wing-cases raised and angled anteriorly; the thorax humped and marked like the abdominal segments, with some dark brown waved lines and spots" (de Niceville quoted in Bingham)
Abisara echerius, the plum Judy, is a small but striking butterfly found in Asia belonging to the Punches and Judies family (Riodinidae). It is difficult to distinguish it from Abisara bifasciata.
Mycalesis anaxias, the white-bar bushbrown, is a species of satyrid butterfly found in South and Southeast Asia. In South Asia, it inhabits Sikkim, eastwards through the hill-ranges to Assam, Cachar, Myanmar and Tenasserim. Also in southern India, in the Nilgiris and Travancore.
Junonia atlites, the grey pansy, is a species of nymphalid butterfly found in South Asia.
Abisara fylla, the dark Judy, is a small but striking butterfly found in India that belongs to the Punches and Judies, that is the family Riodinidae.
Jamides kankena, the glistening cerulean, is a small butterfly found in India that belongs to the lycaenids or blues family.
Junonia hierta, the yellow pansy, is a species of nymphalid butterfly found in the Palaeotropics. It is usually seen in open scrub and grassland habitats.
Neptis columella, the short banded sailer, is a species of nymphalid butterfly found in South and Southeast Asia.
Mycalesis mineus, the dark-brand bush brown, is a species of satyrine butterfly found in Asia.
Athyma nefte, the colour sergeant, is a species of brush-footed butterfly found in tropical South and Southeast Asia.
Lethe rohria, the common treebrown, is a species of satyrine butterfly found in Asia.
Lethe drypetis, the Tamil treebrown, is a species of Satyrinae butterfly found in south India and Sri Lanka.
Ypthima baldus, the common five-ring, is a species of Satyrinae butterfly found in Asia.
Ypthima chenu, the Nilgiri fourring, is a species of Satyrinae butterfly found in south India.
Vindula erota, the common cruiser, is a species of nymphalid butterfly found in forested areas of tropical South Asia and Southeast Asia.
The Indian fritillary is a species of butterfly of the nymphalid or brush-footed family. It is usually found from south and southeast Asia to Australia.
Stichophthalma nourmahal, is a South Asian butterfly that belongs to the Morphinae subfamily of the brush-footed butterflies family.
Udara lanka, the Ceylon hedge blue, is a small butterfly found in Sri Lanka that belongs to the lycaenids or blues family.
Lethe confusa, the banded treebrown, is a species of butterfly belonging to the satyr family that is found mainly in Southeast Asia and in parts of South Asia.
Lasiommata schakra, the common wall, is a species of satyrine butterfly found in South Asia.
Chitoria sordida, the sordid emperor, is a species of nymphalid butterfly found in tropical Asia.
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain : Bingham, Charles Thomas (1905). Fauna of British India. Butterflies Vol. 1. pp. 142–144.