| Zamia pseudoparasitica | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Gymnospermae |
| Division: | Cycadophyta |
| Class: | Cycadopsida |
| Order: | Cycadales |
| Family: | Zamiaceae |
| Genus: | Zamia |
| Species: | Z. pseudoparasitica |
| Binomial name | |
| Zamia pseudoparasitica J.Yates | |
 | |
| Zamia pseudoparasitica is endemic to Panama [3] | |
| Synonyms [4] [3] | |
| |
Zamia pseudoparasitica is a species of plant in the family Zamiaceae. It is endemic to Panama.
Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests on the Atlantic side of the isthmus. It is threatened by habitat loss. [5] [6] [7] [8]
Zamia pseudoparasitica is the only known species of Zamia that is epiphytic. [9] Furthermore, it is the only known obligate epiphytic gymnosperm. [10] growing on the branches of forest trees. It has a very short trunk but long leaves over 3 m long. The seeds are orange.
The root system can be very long and may reach and root in the ground in some cases. Taproots of 15 m in length have been documented. [11]
The diploid chromosome count of Zamia pseudoparasitica is 2n = 16. [12] [13]
The beetle Notorhopalotria taylori appears to be the main pollinator of Zamia pseudoparasitica. [10] The beetle lives in the male cones of Zamia pseudoparasitica. [14]
The seeds are thought to be disseminated by northern olingo, [9] [15] Toucans, [9] or potentially by fruit-eating bats. [10]
Primary forest is an important habitat for this species, as it has been unable to re-colonize secondary forests within a timeframe of 50 years. [10]
Some attempts have been made to bring the plant into cultivation as a plant to be grown in a hanging basket, with some degree of success. [16] [17] [18] [19] Watering should be done with soft, slightly acidic water. The substrate, which may be composed of coco chips, bark, moss, and anorganic materials like pumice and perlite, should be kept moist and should not dry out completely. [20]
Cycads are seed plants that typically have a stout and woody (ligneous) trunk with a crown of large, hard, stiff, evergreen and (usually) pinnate leaves. The species are dioecious, that is, individual plants of a species are either male or female. Cycads vary in size from having trunks only a few centimeters to several meters tall. They typically grow slowly and have long lifespans. Because of their superficial resemblance to palms or ferns, they are sometimes mistaken for them, but they are not closely related to either group. Cycads are gymnosperms (naked-seeded), meaning their unfertilized seeds are open to the air to be directly fertilized by pollination, as contrasted with angiosperms, which have enclosed seeds with more complex fertilization arrangements. Cycads have very specialized pollinators, usually a specific species of beetle. Both male and female cycads bear cones (strobili), somewhat similar to conifer cones.
The genus Bowenia includes two living and two fossil species of cycads in the family Stangeriaceae, sometimes placed in their own family Boweniaceae. They are entirely restricted to Australia.
The Zamiaceae are a family of cycads that are superficially palm or fern-like. They are divided into two subfamilies with eight genera and about 150 species in the tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Australia and North and South America.
Zamia is a genus of cycad of the family Zamiaceae, native to North America from the United States throughout the West Indies, Central America, and South America as far south as Bolivia. The genus is considered to be the most ecologically and morphologically diverse of the cycads, and is estimated to have originated about 68.3 million years ago.
Dioon is a genus of cycads in the family Zamiaceae. It is native to Mexico and Central America. Their habitats include tropical forests, pine-oak forest, and dry hillsides, canyons and coastal dunes.
Dioon edule, the chestnut dioon, is a cycad native to Mexico, also known as palma de la virgen. Cycads are among the oldest seed plants and even pre-date the dinosaurs. It belongs to the Zamiaceae plant family within the order Cycadales. The genus name "Dioon" means "two-egged", referring to the two ovules.
Ceratozamia is a genus of New World cycads in the family Zamiaceae. The genus contains 27 known currently living species and one or two fossil species. Most species are endemic to mountainous areas of Mexico, while few species extend into the mountains of Guatemala, Honduras and Belize. The genus name comes from the Greek ceras, meaning horn, which refers to the paired, spreading horny projections on the male and female sporophylls of all species.
Macrozamia miquelii, is a species of cycad in the plant family Zamiaceae. It is endemic to Queensland and New South Wales in Eastern Australia. Located within sclerophyll forests dominated by eucalyptus trees, the cycad grows on nutrient-poor soils. It is recognised within the Zamiaceae family for its, medium height at 1 m, intermediate size of male and female cones and lighter green leaves compared to other cycads within the plant family of Zamiaceae. The seeds have an orange red sarcotesta which attracts fauna consumption, allowing a mutualistic seed dispersal for the cycad. These seeds are also edible for human consumption if prepared correctly to remove the toxins.
Zamia chigua is a species of plant in the family Zamiaceae. It is found in Colombia and Panama. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.
Zamia fairchildiana is a species of plant in the family Zamiaceae. It is found in southeastern Costa Rica and Panama. In Costa Rica, it is found around the Sierpe River and Claro River, and on Burica Peninsula, Puntarenas Province. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Zamia fischeri is a species of cycad in the family Zamiaceae. It is endemic to Mexico. It is often confused with Zamia vazquezii. Zamia fischeri is named after Gustav Fischer, a cycad enthusiast of the nineteenth century.
Zamia lacandona is a species of plant in the family Zamiaceae. It is endemic to Mexico, where it occurs only in the state of Chiapas, near Palenque and Agua Azul.
Zamia manicata is a species of plant in the family Zamiaceae. It is found in Colombia and Panama. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Zamia obliqua is a species of plant in the family Zamiaceae. It is found in Colombia and Panama. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Zamia prasina is a species of plant in the family Zamiaceae. It is native to Yucatán, Campeche, Quintana Roo, Tabasco and Chiapas in Mexico and Guatemala and Belize. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Zamia pseudomonticola is a species of plant in the family Zamiaceae. It is found in Costa Rica and Panama. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Zamia pygmaea is a species of plant in the family Zamiaceae found only in Cuba. It is the smallest living cycad. It is listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List based on its limited distribution, severely fragmented habitat, and population of less than 250 mature individuals.
Zamia tuerckheimii is a species of plant in the family Zamiaceae.
Zamia wallisii is a species of plant in the Coontie Family (Zamiaceae). It is endemic to Colombia. Its common name is chigua.
Zamia integrifolia, also known as coontie, is a small, tough, woody cycad native to the southeastern United States, the Bahamas, Cuba, the Cayman Islands, and Puerto Rico.
