| Zamia pseudoparasitica | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Gymnosperms |
| Division: | Cycadophyta |
| Class: | Cycadopsida |
| Order: | Cycadales |
| Family: | Zamiaceae |
| Genus: | Zamia |
| Species: | Z. pseudoparasitica |
| Binomial name | |
| Zamia pseudoparasitica J.Yates | |
 | |
| Zamia pseudoparasitica is endemic to Panama [3] | |
| Synonyms [4] [3] | |
| |
Zamia pseudoparasitica is a species of plant in the family Zamiaceae. It is endemic to Panama.
Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests on the Atlantic side of the isthmus. It is threatened by habitat loss. [5] [6] [7] [8]
Zamia pseudoparasitica is the only known species of Zamia that is epiphytic. [9] Furthermore, it is the only known obligate epiphytic gymnosperm. [10] growing on the branches of forest trees. It has a very short trunk but long leaves over 3 m long. The seeds are orange.
The root system can be very long and may reach and root in the ground in some cases. Taproots of 15 m in length have been documented. [11]
The diploid chromosome count of Zamia pseudoparasitica is 2n = 16. [12] [13]
The beetle Notorhopalotria taylori appears to be the main pollinator of Zamia pseudoparasitica. [10] The beetle lives in the male cones of Zamia pseudoparasitica. [14]
The seeds are thought to be disseminated by northern olingo, [9] [15] Toucans, [9] or potentially by fruit-eating bats. [10]
Primary forest is an important habitat for this species, as it has been unable to re-colonize secondary forests within a timeframe of 50 years. [10]
Some attempts have been made to bring the plant into cultivation as a plant to be grown in a hanging basket, with some degree of success. [16] [17] [18] [19]
Cycads are seed plants that typically have a stout and woody (ligneous) trunk with a crown of large, hard, stiff, evergreen and (usually) pinnate leaves. The species are dioecious, that is, individual plants of a species are either male or female. Cycads vary in size from having trunks only a few centimeters to several meters tall. They typically grow very slowly and live very long. Because of their superficial resemblance, they are sometimes mistaken for palms or ferns, but they are not closely related to either group.
The gymnosperms are a group of seed-producing plants that includes conifers, cycads, Ginkgo, and gnetophytes, forming the clade Gymnospermae. The term gymnosperm comes from the composite word in Greek: γυμνόσπερμος, literally meaning 'naked seeds'. The name is based on the unenclosed condition of their seeds. The non-encased condition of their seeds contrasts with the seeds and ovules of flowering plants (angiosperms), which are enclosed within an ovary. Gymnosperm seeds develop either on the surface of scales or leaves, which are often modified to form cones, or on their own as in yew, Torreya, Ginkgo. Gymnosperm lifecycles involve alternation of generations. They have a dominant diploid sporophyte phase and a reduced haploid gametophyte phase which is dependent on the sporophytic phase. The term "gymnosperm" is often used in paleobotany to refer to all non-angiosperm seed plants. In that case, to specify the modern monophyletic group of gymnosperms, the term Acrogymnospermae is sometimes used.
The genus Bowenia includes two living and two fossil species of cycads in the family Stangeriaceae, sometimes placed in their own family Boweniaceae. They are entirely restricted to Australia. The two living species occur in Queensland. B. spectabilis grows in warm, wet, tropical rainforests, on protected slopes and near streams, primarily in the lowlands of the Wet Tropics Bioregion. However, it has a local form with serrate pinna margins that grows in rainforest, Acacia-dominated transition forest, and also Casuarina-dominated sclerophyll forest on the Atherton Tableland, where it is subject to periodic bushfire. B. serrulata grows in sclerophyll forest and transition forest close to the Tropic of Capricorn.
Zamia is a genus of cycad of the family Zamiaceae, native to North America from the United States throughout the West Indies, Central America, and South America as far south as Bolivia. The genus is considered to be the most ecologically and morphologically diverse of the cycads, and is estimated to have originated about 68.3 million years ago.
Dioon is a genus of cycads in the family Zamiaceae. It is native to Mexico and Central America. Their habitats include tropical forests, pine-oak forest, and dry hillsides, canyons and coastal dunes.
Dioon edule, the chestnut dioon, is a cycad native to Mexico, also known as palma de la virgen. Cycads are among the oldest seed plants and even pre-date the dinosaurs. It belongs to the Zamiaceae plant family within the order Cycadales. The genus name "Dioon" means "two-egged", referring to the two ovules.
Ceratozamia is a genus of New World cycads in the family Zamiaceae. The genus contains 27 known currently living species and one or two fossil species. Most species are endemic to mountainous areas of Mexico, while few species extend into the mountains of Guatemala, Honduras and Belize. The genus name comes from the Greek ceras, meaning horn, which refers to the paired, spreading horny projections on the male and female sporophylls of all species.
Chigua is a genus of cycads in the family Zamiaceae containing two species, endemic to small areas in northwestern Colombia. Described by botanist Dennis Stevenson in 1990, it is the most recently named genus, and the name refers to a Spanish transliteration of the common name given to cycads by the indigenous peoples of Colombia. The species are found in wet lowland rainforests at 100–200 m altitude.
Macrozamia concinna is a part of the plant family, Zamiaceae. It originates from a division of Cycadophyta which encompasses the complete species of cycads. M. concinna is primarily habituated in New South Wales, Australia and maintains a distinct appearance allowing it to be easily identifiable from other cycads. M. concinna also implements a unique method of reproduction to fertilise its offsprings, as opposed to the common method of wind pollination. This difference in reproduction mechanisms has survived throughout the ages of prehistoric cycad species and M. concinna continues to procreate with it.
Zamia chigua is a species of plant in the family Zamiaceae. It is found in Colombia and Panama. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.
Zamia fairchildiana is a species of plant in the family Zamiaceae. It is found in southeastern Costa Rica and Panama. In Costa Rica, it is found around the Sierpe River and Claro River, and on Burica Peninsula, Puntarenas Province. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Zamia fischeri is a species of cycad in the family Zamiaceae. It is endemic to Mexico. It is often confused with Zamia vazquezii. Zamia fischeri is named after Gustav Fischer, a cycad enthusiast of the nineteenth century.
Zamia lucayana is a species of plant in the family Zamiaceae. It is endemic to the Bahamas, where it occurs on southeastern Long Island near Clarence Town and Turtle Cove. It is endangered by habitat loss.
Zamia manicata is a species of plant in the family Zamiaceae. It is found in Colombia and Panama. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Zamia obliqua is a species of plant in the family Zamiaceae. It is found in Colombia and Panama. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Zamia prasina is a species of plant in the family Zamiaceae. It is native to Yucatán, Campeche, Quintana Roo, Tabasco and Chiapas in Mexico and Guatemala and Belize. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Zamia pseudomonticola is a species of plant in the family Zamiaceae. It is found in Costa Rica and Panama. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Zamia pygmaea is a species of plant in the family Zamiaceae found only in Cuba. It is the smallest living cycad. It is listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List based on its limited distribution, severely fragmented habitat, and population of less than 250 mature individuals.
Zamia tuerckheimii is a species of plant in the family Zamiaceae.
Zamia wallisii is a species of plant in the Coontie Family (Zamiaceae). It is endemic to Colombia. Its common name is chigua.
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