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Religion in the Punjab in ancient history was characterized by Hinduism and later conversions to Jainism, Buddhism, Islam, Sikhism and Christianity; it also includes folk practices common to all Punjabis regardless of the religion they adhere to. Such practices incorporate local mysticism, including ancestral worship and worship of local saints of all faiths. [1]
Hinduism is the oldest of the religions practised by Punjabi people, however, the term Hindu was applied over a vast territory with much regional diversity. [5] The historical Vedic religion constituted the religious ideas and practices in the Punjab during the Vedic period (1500–500 BCE), centered primarily in the worship of Indra. [6] [7] [8] [note 1] The bulk of the Rigveda was composed in the Punjab region between circa 1500 and 1200 BC, [9] while later Vedic scriptures were composed more eastwards, between the Yamuna and Ganges rivers. An ancient Indian law book called the Manusmriti, developed by Brahmin Hindu priests, shaped Punjabi religious life from 200 BC onward. [10]
Later, the spread of Buddhisim and Jainism in the Indian subcontinent saw the growth of Buddhism and Jainism in the Punjab. [11] Islam was introduced via southern Punjab in the 8th century, becoming the majority by the 16th century, via local conversion. [12] [13] There was a small Jain community left in Punjab by the 16th century, while the Buddhist community had largely disappeared by the turn of the 10th century. [14] The region became predominantly Muslim due to missionary Sufi saints whose dargahs (shrines) dot the landscape of the Punjab region. [15]
The rise of Sikhism in the 1700s saw some Punjabis, both Hindu and Muslim, accepting the new Sikh faith. [10] [16] A number of Punjabis during the colonial period of India became Christians, with all of these religions characterizing the religious diversity now found in the Punjab region. [10]
The Persians were the first to use the term Hindu, referring to a vast territory containing much regional variety in belief and practice. Nevertheless, the common concept was the belief in cycles of reincarnation, or sansār, and was the oldest recorded religion in the region. [10] While law books like the Manusmriti codified socio-religious customs and were sanctified by the Hindu religion, such books more generally influenced the formation of broader traditional societal beliefs. [10]
Sikhism appeared in the 16th century, in reaction to both Punjabi and subcontinent-wide cultural practices of the time, [10] including asceticism, the caste system, and female subordination, as well as in congruence with it, sharing precepts with Hinduism, including karma , sansār, and liberation, and that with Islam, including a formless God, rejection of idolatry, and social equality. [10] It also developed its own distinct doctrines, including the belief that both intrinsic factors (egocentrism, to be ameliorated through devotion and prayer), and external forces (social and political oppression, to be addressed by community service and armed self-defense as needed, and balancing spiritual and temporal power in the world as opposed to renunciation), produced suffering. [10]
During the colonial era, the practice of religious syncretism among Punjabi Muslims and Punjabi Hindus was noted and documented by officials in census reports:
"In other parts of the Province, too, traces of Hindu festivals are noticeable among the Muhammadans. In the western Punjab, Baisakhi, the new year's day of the Hindus, is celebrated as an agricultural festival, by all Muhammadans, by racing bullocks yoked to the well gear, with the beat of tom-toms, and large crowds gather to witness the show, The race is called Baisakhi and is a favourite pastime in the well-irrigated tracts. Then the processions of Tazias, in Muharram, with the accompaniment of tom-toms, fencing parties and bands playing on flutes and other musical instruments (which is disapproved by the orthodox Muhammadans) and the establishment of Sabils (shelters where water and sharbat are served out) are clearly influenced by similar practices at Hindu festivals, while the illuminations on occasions like the Chiraghan fair of Shalamar (Lahore) are no doubt practices answering to the holiday-making instinct of the converted Hindus." [17] : 174
"Besides actual conversion, Islam has had a considerable influence on the Hindu religion. The sects of reformers based on a revolt from the orthodoxy of Varnashrama Dharma were obviously the outcome of the knowledge that a different religion could produce equally pious and right thinking men. Laxity in social restrictions also appeared simultaneously in various degrees and certain customs were assimilated to those of the Muhammadans. On the other hand the miraculous powers of Muhammadan saints were enough to attract the saint worshiping Hindus, to allegiance, if not to a total change of faith... The Shamsis are believers in Shah Shamas Tabrez of Multan, and follow the Imam, for the time being, of the Ismailia sect of Shias... they belong mostly to the Sunar caste and their connection with the sect is kept a secret, like Freemasonry. They pass as ordinary Hindus, but their devotion to the Imam is very strong." [17] : 130
Religious group | Population % 1881 [lower-alpha 2] | Population % 1891 | Population % 1901 [lower-alpha 2] | Population % 1911 [lower-alpha 2] | Population % 1921 | Population % 1931 | Population % 1941 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Islam | 47.6% | 47.8% | 49.2% | 50.8% | 51.1% | 52.4% | 53.2% |
Hinduism [lower-alpha 3] | 43.8% | 43.6% | 41.8% | 36.3% | 35.1% | 31.7% | 30.1% |
Sikhism | 8.2% | 8.2% | 8.5% | 11.9% | 12.4% | 14.3% | 14.9% |
Christianity | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.8% | 1.3% | 1.5% | 1.5% |
Other religions / No religion | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% |
Religious group | 1881 [20] [21] [22] [lower-alpha 2] | 1901 [23] : 34 [lower-alpha 2] | 1911 [24] : 27 [25] : 27 [lower-alpha 2] | 1921 [26] : 29 | 1931 [27] : 277 | 1941 [19] : 42 | ||||||
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Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Islam | 9,872,745 | 47.58% | 12,183,345 | 49.22% | 12,275,477 | 50.75% | 12,813,383 | 51.05% | 14,929,896 | 52.4% | 18,259,744 | 53.22% |
Hinduism [lower-alpha 3] | 9,095,175 | 43.84% | 10,344,469 | 41.79% | 8,773,621 | 36.27% | 8,799,651 | 35.06% | 9,018,509 | 31.65% | 10,336,549 | 30.13% |
Sikhism | 1,706,165 | 8.22% | 2,102,896 | 8.49% | 2,883,729 | 11.92% | 3,107,296 | 12.38% | 4,071,624 | 14.29% | 5,116,185 | 14.91% |
Jainism | 42,572 | 0.21% | 49,983 | 0.2% | 46,775 | 0.19% | 41,321 | 0.16% | 43,140 | 0.15% | 45,475 | 0.13% |
Christianity | 28,054 | 0.14% | 66,591 | 0.27% | 199,751 | 0.83% | 332,939 | 1.33% | 419,353 | 1.47% | 512,466 | 1.49% |
Buddhism | 3,251 | 0.02% | 6,940 | 0.03% | 7,690 | 0.03% | 5,912 | 0.02% | 7,753 | 0.03% | 854 | 0.002% |
Zoroastrianism | 413 | 0.002% | 477 | 0.002% | 653 | 0.003% | 526 | 0.002% | 569 | 0.002% | 4,359 | 0.01% |
Judaism | — | — | 24 | 0.0001% | 54 | 0.0002% | 19 | 0.0001% | 13 | 0% | 39 | 0.0001% |
Others | 57 | 0.0003% | 12 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 13 | 0.0001% | 0 | 0% | 34,190 | 0.1% |
Total population | 20,748,432 | 100% | 24,754,737 | 100% | 24,187,750 | 100% | 25,101,060 | 100% | 28,490,857 | 100% | 34,309,861 | 100% |
Religious group | Punjab Region | Punjab (Pakistan) [2] | Punjab (India) [3] | Haryana [4] | Delhi [4] | Himachal Pradesh [4] | Islamabad [2] | Chandigarh [4] | ||||||||
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Total Population | Percentage | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Islam | 114,130,322 | 60.13% | 107,541,602 | 97.77% | 535,489 | 1.93% | 1,781,342 | 7.03% | 2,158,684 | 12.86% | 149,881 | 2.18% | 1,911,877 | 95.43% | 51,447 | 4.87% |
Hinduism | 54,159,083 | 28.54% | 211,641 | 0.19% | 10,678,138 | 38.49% | 22,171,128 | 87.46% | 13,712,100 | 81.68% | 6,532,765 | 95.17% | 737 | 0.04% | 852,574 | 80.78% |
Sikhism | 18,037,312 | 9.5% | — | — | 16,004,754 | 57.69% | 1,243,752 | 4.91% | 570,581 | 3.4% | 79,896 | 1.16% | — | — | 138,329 | 13.11% |
Christianity | 2,715,952 | 1.43% | 2,063,063 | 1.88% | 348,230 | 1.26% | 50,353 | 0.2% | 146,093 | 0.87% | 12,646 | 0.18% | 86,847 | 4.34% | 8,720 | 0.83% |
Jainism | 267,649 | 0.14% | — | — | 45,040 | 0.16% | 52,613 | 0.21% | 166,231 | 0.99% | 1,805 | 0.03% | — | — | 1,960 | 0.19% |
Ahmadiyya | 160,759 | 0.08% | 158,021 | 0.14% | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2,738 | 0.14% | — | — |
Buddhism | 139,019 | 0.07% | — | — | 33,237 | 0.12% | 7,514 | 0.03% | 18,449 | 0.11% | 78,659 | 1.15% | — | — | 1,160 | 0.11% |
Others | 185,720 | 0.1% | 15,328 | 0.01% | 98,450 | 0.35% | 44,760 | 0.18% | 15,803 | 0.09% | 8,950 | 0.13% | 1,169 | 0.06% | 1,260 | 0.12% |
Total population | 189,795,816 | 100% | 109,989,655 | 100% | 27,743,338 | 100% | 25,351,462 | 100% | 16,787,941 | 100% | 6,864,602 | 100% | 2,003,368 | 100% | 1,055,450 | 100% |
Religious group | 1881 [20] [21] [22] [28] [lower-alpha 4] | 1901 [23] : 34 [29] : 62 [lower-alpha 5] | 1911 [24] : 27 [25] : 27 [lower-alpha 6] | 1921 [26] : 29 [lower-alpha 7] | 1931 [27] : 277 [lower-alpha 8] | 1941 [19] : 42 [lower-alpha 9] | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | ||
Islam | 6,201,859 | 78.09% | 7,951,155 | 76.25% | 8,494,314 | 76.49% | 8,975,288 | 75.49% | 10,570,029 | 75.28% | 13,022,160 | 75.06% | |
Hinduism [lower-alpha 3] | 1,449,913 | 18.26% | 1,944,363 | 18.65% | 1,645,758 | 14.82% | 1,797,141 | 15.12% | 1,957,878 | 13.94% | 2,373,466 | 13.68% | |
Sikhism | 272,908 | 3.44% | 483,999 | 4.64% | 813,441 | 7.33% | 863,091 | 7.26% | 1,180,789 | 8.41% | 1,530,112 | 8.82% | |
Christianity | 12,992 | 0.16% | 42,371 | 0.41% | 144,514 | 1.3% | 247,030 | 2.08% | 324,730 | 2.31% | 395,311 | 2.28% | |
Jainism | 4,352 | 0.05% | 5,562 | 0.05% | 5,977 | 0.05% | 5,930 | 0.05% | 6,921 | 0.05% | 9,520 | 0.05% | |
Zoroastrianism | 354 | 0.004% | 300 | 0.003% | 377 | 0.003% | 309 | 0.003% | 413 | 0.003% | 312 | 0.002% | |
Buddhism | 0 | 0% | 6 | 0.0001% | 168 | 0.002% | 172 | 0.001% | 32 | 0.0002% | 87 | 0.001% | |
Judaism | — | — | 9 | 0.0001% | 36 | 0.0003% | 16 | 0.0001% | 6 | 0% | 7 | 0% | |
Others | 21 | 0.0003% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 8 | 0.0001% | 0 | 0% | 19,128 | 0.11% | |
Total Population | 7,942,399 | 100% | 10,427,765 | 100% | 11,104,585 | 100% | 11,888,985 | 100% | 14,040,798 | 100% | 17,350,103 | 100% | |
Territory comprises the contemporary subdivisions of Punjab, Pakistan and Islamabad Capital Territory. |
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Religious group | 1881 [20] [21] [22] [28] [lower-alpha 10] [lower-alpha 2] | 1901 [23] : 34 [29] : 62 [lower-alpha 11] [lower-alpha 2] | 1911 [24] : 27 [25] : 27 [lower-alpha 12] [lower-alpha 2] | 1921 [26] : 29 [lower-alpha 13] | 1931 [27] : 277 [lower-alpha 14] | 1941 [19] : 42 [lower-alpha 15] | |||||||
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Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | ||
Hinduism [lower-alpha 3] | 7,645,262 | 59.7% | 8,400,106 | 58.63% | 7,127,863 | 54.48% | 7,002,510 | 53% | 7,060,631 | 48.86% | 7,963,083 | 46.95% | |
Islam | 3,670,886 | 28.67% | 4,232,190 | 29.54% | 3,781,163 | 28.9% | 3,838,095 | 29.05% | 4,359,867 | 30.17% | 5,237,584 | 30.88% | |
Sikhism | 1,433,257 | 11.19% | 1,618,897 | 11.3% | 2,070,288 | 15.82% | 2,244,205 | 16.99% | 2,890,835 | 20.01% | 3,586,073 | 21.14% | |
Jainism | 38,220 | 0.3% | 44,421 | 0.31% | 40,798 | 0.31% | 35,391 | 0.27% | 36,219 | 0.25% | 35,955 | 0.21% | |
Christianity | 15,062 | 0.12% | 24,220 | 0.17% | 55,237 | 0.42% | 85,909 | 0.65% | 94,623 | 0.65% | 117,155 | 0.69% | |
Buddhism | 3,251 | 0.03% | 6,934 | 0.05% | 7,522 | 0.06% | 5,740 | 0.04% | 7,721 | 0.05% | 767 | 0.005% | |
Zoroastrianism | 59 | 0.0005% | 177 | 0.001% | 276 | 0.002% | 217 | 0.002% | 156 | 0.001% | 4,047 | 0.02% | |
Judaism | — | — | 15 | 0.0001% | 18 | 0.0001% | 3 | 0% | 7 | 0% | 32 | 0.0002% | |
Others | 36 | 0.0003% | 12 | 0.0001% | 0 | 0% | 5 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 15,062 | 0.09% | |
Total Population | 12,806,033 | 100% | 14,326,972 | 100% | 13,083,165 | 100% | 13,212,075 | 100% | 14,450,059 | 100% | 16,959,758 | 100% | |
Territory comprises the contemporary subdivisions of Punjab, India, Chandigarh, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh. |
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Following the creation of the North-West Frontier Province in 1901, the Punjab region (Punjab Province) was divided into four natural geographical divisions by colonial officials on the decadal census data: [17] : 2 [19] : 4
Throughout history, religious diversity has been noted across the Punjab region. During the colonial era, the various districts and princely states that made up each of the four geographical divisions were religiously eclectic, each containing significant populations of Punjabi Muslims, Punjabi Hindus, Punjabi Sikhs, Punjabi Christians, along with other ethnic and religious minorities.
However, between the censuses of 1941 and 1951, a sudden shift towards religious homogeneity occurred in all districts across Punjab owing to the new international border that cut through the province due to the partition of India in 1947. This rapid demographic shift was primarily as a consequence of wide scale migration but also caused by large-scale religious cleansing riots which were witnessed across the region at the time. According to historical demographer Tim Dyson, in the eastern regions of Punjab that ultimately became Indian Punjab following independence, districts that were 66% Hindu in 1941 became 80% Hindu in 1951; those that were 20% Sikh became 50% Sikh in 1951. Conversely, in the western regions of Punjab that ultimately became Pakistani Punjab, all districts became almost exclusively Muslim by 1951. [30]
Including Hisar district, Loharu State, Rohtak district, Dujana State, Gurgaon district, Pataudi State, Delhi, Karnal district, Jalandhar district, Kapurthala State, Ludhiana district, Malerkotla State, Firozpur district, Faridkot State, Patiala State, Jind State, Nabha State, Lahore District, Amritsar district, Gujranwala District, and Sheikhupura District. [19] : 48 [17] : 2
Religious group | 1881 [20] [21] [22] | 1901 [23] : 34 | 1911 [24] : 27 [25] : 27 | 1921 [26] : 29 | 1931 [27] : 277 | 1941 [19] : 42 | ||||||
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Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Hinduism [lower-alpha 3] | 4,975,901 | 48.94% | 5,825,964 | 48.64% | 4,790,624 | 43.44% | 4,735,960 | 41.37% | 4,709,545 | 36.59% | 5,314,610 | 34.43% |
Islam | 3,751,891 | 36.9% | 4,481,366 | 37.42% | 4,144,971 | 37.59% | 4,350,186 | 38% | 5,112,215 | 39.72% | 6,247,791 | 40.48% |
Sikhism | 1,390,873 | 13.68% | 1,605,457 | 13.4% | 1,993,750 | 18.08% | 2,186,429 | 19.1% | 2,816,785 | 21.88% | 3,576,659 | 23.17% |
Jainism | 36,479 | 0.36% | 41,877 | 0.35% | 39,111 | 0.35% | 33,515 | 0.29% | 34,806 | 0.27% | 34,744 | 0.23% |
Christianity | 11,729 | 0.12% | 22,103 | 0.18% | 58,462 | 0.53% | 140,104 | 1.22% | 198,081 | 1.54% | 247,028 | 1.6% |
Zoroastrianism | 139 | 0% | 299 | 0% | 412 | 0% | 318 | 0% | 314 | 0% | 235 | 0% |
Buddhism | 1 | 0% | 3 | 0% | 132 | 0% | 184 | 0% | 23 | 0% | 39 | 0% |
Judaism | — | — | 19 | 0% | 28 | 0% | 14 | 0% | 5 | 0% | 30 | 0% |
Others | 49 | 0% | 12 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 6 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 14,844 | 0.1% |
Total population [lower-alpha 16] | 10,167,062 | 100% | 11,977,100 | 100% | 11,027,490 | 100% | 11,446,716 | 100% | 12,871,774 | 100% | 15,435,980 | 100% |
District/ Princely State | Hinduism | Islam | Sikhism | Jainism | Christianity | Others [lower-alpha 17] | Total | |||||||
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Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Hisar District | 544,799 | 69.69% | 202,009 | 25.84% | 28,642 | 3.66% | 6,003 | 0.77% | 253 | 0.03% | 11 | 0% | 781,717 | 100% |
Loharu State | 13,254 | 87.03% | 1,963 | 12.89% | 0 | 0% | 12 | 0.08% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 15,229 | 100% |
Rohtak District | 533,723 | 84.63% | 91,687 | 14.54% | 94 | 0.01% | 5,087 | 0.81% | 80 | 0.01% | 1 | 0% | 630,672 | 100% |
Dujana State | 18,380 | 76.03% | 5,790 | 23.95% | 4 | 0.02% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 24,174 | 100% |
Gurgaon District | 499,373 | 66.92% | 242,548 | 32.5% | 99 | 0.01% | 3,909 | 0.52% | 278 | 0.04% | 1 | 0% | 746,208 | 100% |
Pataudi State | 18,281 | 83.35% | 3,549 | 16.18% | 0 | 0% | 103 | 0.47% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 21,933 | 100% |
Delhi District | 510,532 | 74.09% | 167,290 | 24.28% | 294 | 0.04% | 7,726 | 1.12% | 3,158 | 0.46% | 39 | 0.01% | 689,039 | 100% |
Karnal District | 623,597 | 70.6% | 241,412 | 27.33% | 12,294 | 1.39% | 4,739 | 0.54% | 1,179 | 0.13% | 4 | 0% | 883,225 | 100% |
Jalandhar District | 368,051 | 40.11% | 421,011 | 45.88% | 125,817 | 13.71% | 969 | 0.11% | 1,713 | 0.19% | 26 | 0% | 917,587 | 100% |
Kapurthala State | 93,652 | 29.79% | 178,326 | 56.73% | 42,101 | 13.39% | 226 | 0.07% | 39 | 0.01% | 7 | 0% | 314,351 | 100% |
Ludhiana District | 269,076 | 39.98% | 235,937 | 35.05% | 164,919 | 24.5% | 2,217 | 0.33% | 947 | 0.14% | 1 | 0% | 673,097 | 100% |
Malerkotla State | 38,409 | 49.56% | 27,229 | 35.13% | 10,495 | 13.54% | 1,361 | 1.76% | 12 | 0.02% | 0 | 0% | 77,506 | 100% |
Firozpur District | 279,099 | 29.13% | 447,615 | 46.72% | 228,355 | 23.83% | 1,090 | 0.11% | 1,908 | 0.2% | 5 | 0% | 958,072 | 100% |
Faridkot State | 35,778 | 28.64% | 35,996 | 28.82% | 52,721 | 42.21% | 406 | 0.33% | 11 | 0.01% | 0 | 0% | 124,912 | 100% |
Patiala State | 880,490 | 55.14% | 357,334 | 22.38% | 355,649 | 22.27% | 2,877 | 0.18% | 316 | 0.02% | 26 | 0% | 1,596,692 | 100% |
Jind State | 211,963 | 75.16% | 38,717 | 13.73% | 29,975 | 10.63% | 1,258 | 0.45% | 80 | 0.03% | 10 | 0% | 282,003 | 100% |
Nabha State | 160,553 | 53.89% | 58,550 | 19.65% | 78,361 | 26.3% | 476 | 0.16% | 7 | 0% | 2 | 0% | 297,949 | 100% |
Lahore District | 276,375 | 23.78% | 717,519 | 61.74% | 159,701 | 13.74% | 1,047 | 0.09% | 7,296 | 0.63% | 171 | 0.01% | 1,162,109 | 100% |
Amritsar District | 280,985 | 27.44% | 474,976 | 46.39% | 264,329 | 25.82% | 1,439 | 0.14% | 2,078 | 0.2% | 21 | 0% | 1,023,828 | 100% |
Gujranwala District | 169,594 | 22.41% | 531,908 | 70.28% | 51,607 | 6.82% | 932 | 0.12% | 2,748 | 0.36% | 8 | 0% | 756,797 | 100% |
Total | 5,825,964 | 48.64% | 4,481,366 | 37.42% | 1,605,457 | 13.4% | 41,877 | 0.35% | 22,103 | 0.18% | 333 | 0.003% | 11,977,100 | 100% |
District/ Princely State | Hinduism | Islam | Sikhism | Christianity | Jainism | Others [lower-alpha 17] | Total | |||||||
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Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Hisar District | 541,720 | 67.3% | 218,600 | 27.16% | 38,508 | 4.78% | 273 | 0.03% | 5,767 | 0.72% | 21 | 0% | 804,889 | 100% |
Loharu State | 16,178 | 86.99% | 2,401 | 12.91% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 18 | 0.1% | 0 | 0% | 18,597 | 100% |
Rohtak District | 450,549 | 83.21% | 86,076 | 15.9% | 161 | 0.03% | 334 | 0.06% | 4,369 | 0.81% | 0 | 0% | 541,489 | 100% |
Dujana State | 20,161 | 79.11% | 5,324 | 20.89% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 25,485 | 100% |
Gurgaon District | 421,885 | 65.59% | 217,237 | 33.78% | 342 | 0.05% | 782 | 0.12% | 2,921 | 0.45% | 10 | 0% | 643,177 | 100% |
Pataudi State | 16,114 | 82.45% | 3,338 | 17.08% | 0 | 0% | 9 | 0.05% | 82 | 0.42% | 0 | 0% | 19,543 | 100% |
Delhi District | 469,561 | 71.4% | 171,745 | 26.12% | 2,985 | 0.45% | 5,693 | 0.87% | 7,539 | 1.15% | 81 | 0.01% | 657,604 | 100% |
Karnal District | 556,203 | 69.54% | 224,920 | 28.12% | 13,531 | 1.69% | 920 | 0.12% | 4,213 | 0.53% | 0 | 0% | 799,787 | 100% |
Jalandhar District | 265,378 | 33.09% | 357,051 | 44.52% | 176,227 | 21.98% | 2,404 | 0.3% | 842 | 0.1% | 18 | 0% | 801,920 | 100% |
Kapurthala State | 61,426 | 22.91% | 152,117 | 56.73% | 54,275 | 20.24% | 107 | 0.04% | 205 | 0.08% | 3 | 0% | 268,133 | 100% |
Ludhiana District | 131,370 | 25.4% | 176,043 | 34.04% | 207,042 | 40.03% | 888 | 0.17% | 1,849 | 0.36% | 0 | 0% | 517,192 | 100% |
Malerkotla State | 22,902 | 32.19% | 25,942 | 36.46% | 21,018 | 29.54% | 14 | 0.02% | 1,268 | 1.78% | 0 | 0% | 71,144 | 100% |
Firozpur District | 273,832 | 28.53% | 418,553 | 43.61% | 262,511 | 27.35% | 3,342 | 0.35% | 1,401 | 0.15% | 18 | 0% | 959,657 | 100% |
Faridkot State | 37,377 | 28.69% | 37,105 | 28.48% | 55,397 | 42.52% | 6 | 0% | 409 | 0.31% | 0 | 0% | 130,294 | 100% |
Patiala State | 563,940 | 40.06% | 307,384 | 21.84% | 532,292 | 37.81% | 739 | 0.05% | 3,282 | 0.23% | 22 | 0% | 1,407,659 | 100% |
Jind State | 210,222 | 77.36% | 37,520 | 13.81% | 22,566 | 8.3% | 187 | 0.07% | 1,233 | 0.45% | 0 | 0% | 271,728 | 100% |
Nabha State | 126,414 | 50.79% | 46,032 | 18.5% | 76,198 | 30.62% | 5 | 0% | 238 | 0.1% | 0 | 0% | 248,887 | 100% |
Lahore District | 217,609 | 21% | 626,271 | 60.44% | 169,008 | 16.31% | 21,781 | 2.1% | 1,139 | 0.11% | 350 | 0.03% | 1,036,158 | 100% |
Amritsar District | 211,708 | 24.04% | 408,882 | 46.43% | 253,941 | 28.83% | 4,763 | 0.54% | 1,386 | 0.16% | 48 | 0.01% | 880,728 | 100% |
Gujranwala District | 176,075 | 19.07% | 622,430 | 67.4% | 107,748 | 11.67% | 16,215 | 1.76% | 950 | 0.1% | 1 | 0% | 923,419 | 100% |
Total | 4,790,624 | 43.44% | 4,144,971 | 37.59% | 1,993,750 | 18.08% | 58,462 | 0.53% | 39,111 | 0.35% | 572 | 0.01% | 11,027,490 | 100% |
District/ Princely State | Hinduism | Islam | Sikhism | Christianity | Jainism | Others [lower-alpha 17] | Total | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Hisar District | 548,351 | 67.13% | 215,943 | 26.44% | 45,615 | 5.58% | 1,024 | 0.13% | 5,874 | 0.72% | 3 | 0% | 816,810 | 100% |
Loharu State | 17,978 | 87.18% | 2,625 | 12.73% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 18 | 0.09% | 0 | 0% | 20,621 | 100% |
Rohtak District | 629,592 | 81.52% | 125,035 | 16.19% | 602 | 0.08% | 10,033 | 1.3% | 7,010 | 0.91% | 0 | 0% | 772,272 | 100% |
Dujana State | 20,135 | 77.94% | 5,698 | 22.06% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 25,833 | 100% |
Gurgaon District | 460,134 | 67.47% | 216,860 | 31.8% | 924 | 0.14% | 1,316 | 0.19% | 2,762 | 0.4% | 7 | 0% | 682,003 | 100% |
Pataudi State | 15,090 | 83.38% | 2,898 | 16.01% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 109 | 0.6% | 0 | 0% | 18,097 | 100% |
Karnal District | 573,224 | 69.17% | 235,618 | 28.43% | 12,280 | 1.48% | 3,382 | 0.41% | 4,222 | 0.51% | 0 | 0% | 828,726 | 100% |
Jalandhar District | 244,995 | 29.79% | 366,586 | 44.57% | 206,130 | 25.06% | 4,088 | 0.5% | 736 | 0.09% | 9 | 0% | 822,544 | 100% |
Kapurthala State | 58,412 | 20.55% | 160,457 | 56.44% | 64,074 | 22.54% | 1,100 | 0.39% | 228 | 0.08% | 4 | 0% | 284,275 | 100% |
Ludhiana District | 135,512 | 23.87% | 192,961 | 33.99% | 235,721 | 41.53% | 1,613 | 0.28% | 1,796 | 0.32% | 19 | 0% | 567,622 | 100% |
Malerkotla State | 29,459 | 36.68% | 28,413 | 35.37% | 21,828 | 27.18% | 37 | 0.05% | 585 | 0.73% | 0 | 0% | 80,322 | 100% |
Firozpur District | 306,350 | 27.89% | 482,540 | 43.94% | 302,761 | 27.57% | 5,365 | 0.49% | 1,211 | 0.11% | 21 | 0% | 1,098,248 | 100% |
Faridkot State | 38,610 | 25.63% | 44,813 | 29.74% | 66,658 | 44.24% | 107 | 0.07% | 473 | 0.31% | 0 | 0% | 150,661 | 100% |
Patiala State | 642,055 | 42.81% | 330,341 | 22.03% | 522,675 | 34.85% | 1,395 | 0.09% | 3,249 | 0.22% | 24 | 0% | 1,499,739 | 100% |
Jind State | 234,721 | 76.16% | 43,251 | 14.03% | 28,026 | 9.09% | 637 | 0.21% | 1,548 | 0.5% | 0 | 0% | 308,183 | 100% |
Nabha State | 133,870 | 50.84% | 50,756 | 19.27% | 78,389 | 29.77% | 41 | 0.02% | 278 | 0.11% | 0 | 0% | 263,334 | 100% |
Lahore District | 255,690 | 22.6% | 647,640 | 57.25% | 179,975 | 15.91% | 46,454 | 4.11% | 1,209 | 0.11% | 368 | 0.03% | 1,131,336 | 100% |
Amritsar District | 204,435 | 22% | 423,724 | 45.59% | 287,004 | 30.88% | 12,773 | 1.37% | 1,375 | 0.15% | 63 | 0.01% | 929,374 | 100% |
Gujranwala District | 101,566 | 16.29% | 443,147 | 71.06% | 50,802 | 8.15% | 27,308 | 4.38% | 754 | 0.12% | 4 | 0% | 623,581 | 100% |
Sheikhupura District | 85,781 | 16.4% | 330,880 | 63.25% | 82,965 | 15.86% | 23,431 | 4.48% | 78 | 0.01% | 0 | 0% | 523,135 | 100% |
Total | 4,735,960 | 41.37% | 4,350,186 | 38% | 2,186,429 | 19.1% | 140,104 | 1.22% | 33,515 | 0.29% | 522 | 0.005% | 11,446,716 | 100% |
District/ Princely State | Islam | Hinduism [lower-alpha 3] | Sikhism | Christianity | Jainism | Others [lower-alpha 17] | Total | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Hisar District | 253,784 | 28.21% | 583,429 | 64.86% | 55,169 | 6.13% | 1,107 | 0.12% | 5,988 | 0.67% | 2 | 0% | 899,479 | 100% |
Loharu State | 3,119 | 13.36% | 20,198 | 86.55% | 2 | 0.01% | 1 | 0% | 18 | 0.08% | 0 | 0% | 23,338 | 100% |
Rohtak District | 137,880 | 17.11% | 655,963 | 81.42% | 596 | 0.07% | 4,807 | 0.6% | 6,375 | 0.79% | 0 | 0% | 805,621 | 100% |
Dujana State | 5,863 | 20.78% | 22,347 | 79.2% | 1 | 0% | 5 | 0.02% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 28,216 | 100% |
Gurgaon District | 242,357 | 32.74% | 493,174 | 66.63% | 500 | 0.07% | 1,463 | 0.2% | 2,665 | 0.36% | 4 | 0% | 740,163 | 100% |
Pataudi State | 3,168 | 16.79% | 15,596 | 82.64% | 1 | 0.01% | 3 | 0.02% | 105 | 0.56% | 0 | 0% | 18,873 | 100% |
Karnal District | 259,730 | 30.46% | 570,297 | 66.89% | 16,928 | 1.99% | 1,469 | 0.17% | 4,190 | 0.49% | 0 | 0% | 852,614 | 100% |
Jalandhar District | 419,556 | 44.46% | 268,822 | 28.49% | 249,571 | 26.45% | 4,323 | 0.46% | 1,379 | 0.15% | 70 | 0.01% | 943,721 | 100% |
Kapurthala State | 179,251 | 56.59% | 64,319 | 20.31% | 72,177 | 22.79% | 983 | 0.31% | 27 | 0.01% | 0 | 0% | 316,757 | 100% |
Ludhiana District | 235,598 | 35.03% | 120,161 | 17.87% | 312,829 | 46.52% | 2,477 | 0.37% | 1,419 | 0.21% | 10 | 0% | 672,494 | 100% |
Malerkotla State | 31,417 | 37.82% | 21,252 | 25.58% | 28,982 | 34.89% | 135 | 0.16% | 1,286 | 1.55% | 0 | 0% | 83,072 | 100% |
Firozpur District | 515,430 | 44.56% | 244,688 | 21.15% | 388,108 | 33.55% | 7,070 | 0.61% | 1,411 | 0.12% | 25 | 0% | 1,156,732 | 100% |
Faridkot State | 49,912 | 30.37% | 20,855 | 12.69% | 92,880 | 56.51% | 167 | 0.1% | 550 | 0.33% | 0 | 0% | 164,364 | 100% |
Patiala State | 363,920 | 22.39% | 623,597 | 38.36% | 632,972 | 38.94% | 1,449 | 0.09% | 3,578 | 0.22% | 4 | 0% | 1,625,520 | 100% |
Jind State | 46,002 | 14.17% | 243,561 | 75.02% | 33,290 | 10.25% | 210 | 0.06% | 1,613 | 0.5% | 0 | 0% | 324,676 | 100% |
Nabha State | 57,393 | 19.96% | 132,354 | 46.02% | 97,452 | 33.89% | 66 | 0.02% | 309 | 0.11% | 0 | 0% | 287,574 | 100% |
Lahore District | 815,820 | 59.18% | 259,725 | 18.84% | 244,304 | 17.72% | 57,097 | 4.14% | 1,450 | 0.11% | 174 | 0.01% | 1,378,570 | 100% |
Amritsar District | 524,676 | 46.97% | 174,556 | 15.63% | 399,951 | 35.8% | 16,619 | 1.49% | 1,272 | 0.11% | 46 | 0% | 1,117,120 | 100% |
Gujranwala District | 521,343 | 70.82% | 92,764 | 12.6% | 71,595 | 9.73% | 49,364 | 6.71% | 1,071 | 0.15% | 1 | 0% | 736,138 | 100% |
Sheikhupura District | 445,996 | 64.01% | 81,887 | 11.75% | 119,477 | 17.15% | 49,266 | 7.07% | 100 | 0.01% | 6 | 0% | 696,732 | 100% |
Total | 5,112,215 | 39.72% | 4,709,545 | 36.59% | 2,816,785 | 21.88% | 198,081 | 1.54% | 34,806 | 0.27% | 342 | 0.003% | 12,871,774 | 100% |
District/ Princely State | Islam | Hinduism [lower-alpha 3] | Sikhism | Christianity | Jainism | Others [lower-alpha 17] | Total | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Hisar District | 285,208 | 28.33% | 652,842 | 64.85% | 60,731 | 6.03% | 1,292 | 0.13% | 6,126 | 0.61% | 510 | 0.05% | 1,006,709 | 100% |
Loharu State | 3,960 | 14.2% | 23,923 | 85.77% | 7 | 0.03% | 2 | 0.01% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 27,892 | 100% |
Rohtak District | 166,569 | 17.42% | 780,474 | 81.61% | 1,466 | 0.15% | 1,043 | 0.11% | 6,847 | 0.72% | 0 | 0% | 956,399 | 100% |
Dujana State | 6,939 | 22.63% | 23,727 | 77.37% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 30,666 | 100% |
Gurgaon District | 285,992 | 33.59% | 560,537 | 65.83% | 637 | 0.07% | 1,673 | 0.2% | 2,613 | 0.31% | 6 | 0% | 851,458 | 100% |
Pataudi State | 3,655 | 16.98% | 17,728 | 82.38% | 0 | 0% | 9 | 0.04% | 128 | 0.59% | 0 | 0% | 21,520 | 100% |
Karnal District | 304,346 | 30.6% | 666,301 | 66.99% | 19,887 | 2% | 1,249 | 0.13% | 2,789 | 0.28% | 3 | 0% | 994,575 | 100% |
Jalandhar District | 509,804 | 45.23% | 311,010 | 27.59% | 298,741 | 26.5% | 6,233 | 0.55% | 1,395 | 0.12% | 7 | 0% | 1,127,190 | 100% |
Kapurthala State | 213,754 | 56.49% | 61,546 | 16.27% | 88,350 | 23.35% | 1,667 | 0.44% | 380 | 0.1% | 12,683 | 3.35% | 378,380 | 100% |
Ludhiana District | 302,482 | 36.95% | 171,715 | 20.98% | 341,175 | 41.68% | 1,913 | 0.23% | 1,279 | 0.16% | 51 | 0.01% | 818,615 | 100% |
Malerkotla State | 33,881 | 38.45% | 23,482 | 26.65% | 30,320 | 34.41% | 116 | 0.13% | 310 | 0.35% | 0 | 0% | 88,109 | 100% |
Firozpur District | 641,448 | 45.07% | 287,733 | 20.22% | 479,486 | 33.69% | 12,607 | 0.89% | 1,674 | 0.12% | 128 | 0.01% | 1,423,076 | 100% |
Faridkot State | 61,352 | 30.79% | 21,814 | 10.95% | 115,070 | 57.74% | 247 | 0.12% | 800 | 0.4% | 0 | 0% | 199,283 | 100% |
Patiala State | 436,539 | 22.55% | 597,488 | 30.86% | 896,021 | 46.28% | 1,592 | 0.08% | 3,101 | 0.16% | 1,518 | 0.08% | 1,936,259 | 100% |
Jind State | 50,972 | 14.09% | 268,355 | 74.17% | 40,981 | 11.33% | 161 | 0.04% | 1,294 | 0.36% | 49 | 0.01% | 361,812 | 100% |
Nabha State | 70,373 | 20.45% | 146,518 | 42.59% | 122,451 | 35.59% | 221 | 0.06% | 480 | 0.14% | 1 | 0% | 344,044 | 100% |
Lahore District | 1,027,772 | 60.62% | 284,689 | 16.79% | 310,646 | 18.32% | 70,147 | 4.14% | 1,951 | 0.12% | 170 | 0.01% | 1,695,375 | 100% |
Amritsar District | 657,695 | 46.52% | 217,431 | 15.38% | 510,845 | 36.13% | 25,973 | 1.84% | 1,911 | 0.14% | 21 | 0% | 1,413,876 | 100% |
Gujranwala District | 642,706 | 70.45% | 108,115 | 11.85% | 99,139 | 10.87% | 60,829 | 6.67% | 1,445 | 0.16% | 0 | 0% | 912,234 | 100% |
Sheikhupura District | 542,344 | 63.62% | 89,182 | 10.46% | 160,706 | 18.85% | 60,054 | 7.04% | 221 | 0.03% | 1 | 0% | 852,508 | 100% |
Total | 6,247,791 | 40.48% | 5,314,610 | 34.43% | 3,576,659 | 23.17% | 247,028 | 1.6% | 34,744 | 0.23% | 15,148 | 0.1% | 15,435,980 | 100% |
Including Sirmoor State, Simla District, Simla Hill States, Bilaspur State, Kangra district, Mandi State, Suket State, and Chamba State. [19] : 48 [17] : 2
Religious group | 1881 [20] [21] [22] | 1901 [23] : 34 | 1911 [24] : 27 [25] : 27 | 1921 [26] : 29 | 1931 [27] : 277 | 1941 [19] : 42 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Hinduism [lower-alpha 3] | 1,458,481 | 94.74% | 1,598,853 | 94.6% | 1,630,084 | 94.53% | 1,642,176 | 94.5% | 1,729,008 | 94.42% | 1,929,634 | 94.76% |
Islam | 70,642 | 4.59% | 76,480 | 4.53% | 74,205 | 4.3% | 77,425 | 4.46% | 82,711 | 4.52% | 87,485 | 4.3% |
Christianity | 3,840 | 0.25% | 3,415 | 0.2% | 4,400 | 0.26% | 4,471 | 0.26% | 2,586 | 0.14% | 2,129 | 0.1% |
Buddhism | 3,250 | 0.21% | 6,931 | 0.41% | 7,518 | 0.44% | 5,718 | 0.33% | 7,705 | 0.42% | 614 | 0.03% |
Sikhism | 2,680 | 0.17% | 3,897 | 0.23% | 7,894 | 0.46% | 7,610 | 0.44% | 8,948 | 0.49% | 12,245 | 0.6% |
Jainism | 536 | 0.03% | 483 | 0.03% | 358 | 0.02% | 356 | 0.02% | 291 | 0.02% | 425 | 0.02% |
Zoroastrianism | 4 | 0% | 7 | 0% | 18 | 0% | 40 | 0% | 3 | 0% | 3,895 | 0.19% |
Judaism | — | — | 0 | 0% | 3 | 0% | 1 | 0% | 1 | 0% | 0 | 0% |
Others | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 4 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 1 | 0% |
Total population [lower-alpha 16] | 1,539,433 | 100% | 1,690,066 | 100% | 1,724,480 | 100% | 1,737,801 | 100% | 1,831,253 | 100% | 2,036,428 | 100% |
District/ Princely State | Hinduism | Islam | Sikhism | Christianity | Jainism | Others [lower-alpha 17] | Total | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Nahan State | 128,478 | 94.69% | 6,414 | 4.73% | 688 | 0.51% | 46 | 0.03% | 61 | 0.04% | 0 | 0% | 135,687 | 100% |
Simla District | 30,299 | 75.09% | 6,675 | 16.54% | 544 | 1.35% | 2,798 | 6.93% | 32 | 0.08% | 3 | 0.01% | 40,351 | 100% |
Simla Hill States | 373,886 | 96.03% | 11,535 | 2.96% | 1,318 | 0.34% | 113 | 0.03% | 274 | 0.07% | 2,223 | 0.57% | 389,349 | 100% |
Kangra District | 722,554 | 94.07% | 39,672 | 5.16% | 1,220 | 0.16% | 385 | 0.05% | 113 | 0.01% | 4,180 | 0.54% | 768,124 | 100% |
Mandi State | 170,304 | 97.85% | 3,187 | 1.83% | 41 | 0.02% | 3 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 510 | 0.29% | 174,045 | 100% |
Suket State | 54,005 | 98.77% | 665 | 1.22% | 6 | 0.01% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 54,676 | 100% |
Chamba State | 119,327 | 93.35% | 8,332 | 6.52% | 80 | 0.06% | 70 | 0.05% | 3 | 0% | 22 | 0.02% | 127,834 | 100% |
Total | 1,598,853 | 94.6% | 76,480 | 4.53% | 3,897 | 0.23% | 3,415 | 0.2% | 483 | 0.03% | 6,938 | 0.41% | 1,690,066 | 100% |
District/ Princely State | Hinduism | Islam | Sikhism | Christianity | Jainism | Others [lower-alpha 17] | Total | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Nahan State | 130,276 | 94.05% | 6,016 | 4.34% | 2,142 | 1.55% | 37 | 0.03% | 49 | 0.04% | 0 | 0% | 138,520 | 100% |
Simla District | 29,047 | 73.87% | 5,820 | 14.8% | 693 | 1.76% | 3,666 | 9.32% | 49 | 0.12% | 45 | 0.11% | 39,320 | 100% |
Simla Hill States | 386,953 | 95.7% | 11,374 | 2.81% | 2,911 | 0.72% | 224 | 0.06% | 172 | 0.04% | 2,709 | 0.67% | 404,343 | 100% |
Kangra District | 725,156 | 94.13% | 38,859 | 5.04% | 1,910 | 0.25% | 386 | 0.05% | 81 | 0.01% | 3,994 | 0.52% | 770,386 | 100% |
Mandi State | 178,115 | 98.35% | 2,799 | 1.55% | 26 | 0.01% | 4 | 0% | 2 | 0% | 164 | 0.09% | 181,110 | 100% |
Suket State | 54,268 | 98.8% | 587 | 1.07% | 71 | 0.13% | 2 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 54,928 | 100% |
Chamba State | 126,269 | 92.93% | 8,750 | 6.44% | 141 | 0.1% | 81 | 0.06% | 5 | 0% | 627 | 0.46% | 135,873 | 100% |
Total | 1,630,084 | 94.53% | 74,205 | 4.3% | 7,894 | 0.46% | 4,400 | 0.26% | 358 | 0.02% | 7,539 | 0.44% | 1,724,480 | 100% |
District/ Princely State | Hinduism | Islam | Sikhism | Christianity | Jainism | Others [lower-alpha 17] | Total | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Nahan State | 132,431 | 94.29% | 6,449 | 4.59% | 1,449 | 1.03% | 44 | 0.03% | 65 | 0.05% | 10 | 0.01% | 140,448 | 100% |
Simla District | 33,228 | 73.31% | 6,953 | 15.34% | 1,173 | 2.59% | 3,823 | 8.43% | 90 | 0.2% | 60 | 0.13% | 45,327 | 100% |
Simla Hill States | 292,768 | 95.45% | 9,551 | 3.11% | 2,040 | 0.67% | 164 | 0.05% | 142 | 0.05% | 2,053 | 0.67% | 306,718 | 100% |
Bilaspur State | 96,000 | 97.96% | 1,559 | 1.59% | 437 | 0.45% | 4 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 98,000 | 100% |
Kangra District | 722,277 | 94.28% | 38,263 | 4.99% | 2,083 | 0.27% | 363 | 0.05% | 56 | 0.01% | 3,023 | 0.39% | 766,065 | 100% |
Mandi State | 181,358 | 98.01% | 3,462 | 1.87% | 142 | 0.08% | 10 | 0.01% | 0 | 0% | 76 | 0.04% | 185,048 | 100% |
Suket State | 53,625 | 98.71% | 659 | 1.21% | 44 | 0.08% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 54,328 | 100% |
Chamba State | 130,489 | 91.98% | 10,529 | 7.42% | 242 | 0.17% | 63 | 0.04% | 3 | 0% | 541 | 0.38% | 141,867 | 100% |
Total | 1,642,176 | 94.5% | 77,425 | 4.46% | 7,610 | 0.44% | 4,471 | 0.26% | 356 | 0.02% | 5,763 | 0.33% | 1,737,801 | 100% |
District/ Princely State | Hinduism [lower-alpha 3] | Islam | Sikhism | Christianity | Jainism | Others [lower-alpha 17] | Total | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Sirmoor State | 139,031 | 93.58% | 7,020 | 4.73% | 2,413 | 1.62% | 52 | 0.04% | 52 | 0.04% | 0 | 0% | 148,568 | 100% |
Simla District | 28,661 | 77.91% | 5,810 | 15.79% | 760 | 2.07% | 1,540 | 4.19% | 1 | 0% | 14 | 0.04% | 36,786 | 100% |
Simla Hill States | 317,390 | 95.93% | 10,017 | 3.03% | 1,817 | 0.55% | 176 | 0.05% | 141 | 0.04% | 1,309 | 0.4% | 330,850 | 100% |
Bilaspur State | 99,023 | 98.05% | 1,458 | 1.44% | 507 | 0.5% | 6 | 0.01% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 100,994 | 100% |
Kangra District | 752,098 | 93.86% | 40,483 | 5.05% | 2,396 | 0.3% | 576 | 0.07% | 94 | 0.01% | 5,665 | 0.71% | 801,312 | 100% |
Mandi State | 199,935 | 96.37% | 6,351 | 3.06% | 899 | 0.43% | 141 | 0.07% | 0 | 0% | 139 | 0.07% | 207,465 | 100% |
Suket State | 57,616 | 98.64% | 733 | 1.25% | 44 | 0.08% | 1 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 14 | 0.02% | 58,408 | 100% |
Chamba State | 135,254 | 92.09% | 10,839 | 7.38% | 112 | 0.08% | 94 | 0.06% | 3 | 0% | 568 | 0.39% | 146,870 | 100% |
Total | 1,729,008 | 94.42% | 82,711 | 4.52% | 8,948 | 0.49% | 2,586 | 0.14% | 291 | 0.02% | 7,709 | 0.42% | 1,831,253 | 100% |
District/ Princely State | Hinduism [lower-alpha 3] | Islam | Sikhism | Christianity | Jainism | Others [lower-alpha 17] | Total | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Sirmoor State | 146,199 | 93.7% | 7,374 | 4.73% | 2,334 | 1.5% | 38 | 0.02% | 81 | 0.05% | 0 | 0% | 156,026 | 100% |
Simla District | 29,466 | 76.38% | 7,022 | 18.2% | 1,032 | 2.68% | 934 | 2.42% | 114 | 0.3% | 8 | 0.02% | 38,576 | 100% |
Simla Hill States | 345,716 | 96.16% | 10,812 | 3.01% | 2,693 | 0.75% | 161 | 0.04% | 126 | 0.04% | 12 | 0% | 359,520 | 100% |
Bilaspur State | 108,375 | 98.22% | 1,498 | 1.36% | 453 | 0.41% | 7 | 0.01% | 3 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 110,336 | 100% |
Kangra District | 846,531 | 94.12% | 43,249 | 4.81% | 4,809 | 0.53% | 788 | 0.09% | 101 | 0.01% | 3,899 | 0.43% | 899,377 | 100% |
Mandi State | 227,463 | 97.79% | 4,328 | 1.86% | 583 | 0.25% | 11 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 208 | 0.09% | 232,593 | 100% |
Suket State | 69,974 | 98.43% | 884 | 1.24% | 234 | 0.33% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 71,092 | 100% |
Chamba State | 155,910 | 92.3% | 12,318 | 7.29% | 107 | 0.06% | 190 | 0.11% | 0 | 0% | 383 | 0.23% | 168,908 | 100% |
Total | 1,929,634 | 94.76% | 87,485 | 4.3% | 12,245 | 0.6% | 2,129 | 0.1% | 425 | 0.02% | 4,510 | 0.22% | 2,036,428 | 100% |
Including Ambala district, Kalsia State, Hoshiarpur district, Gurdaspur district, Sialkot District, Gujrat District, Jhelum District, Rawalpindi District, and Attock District. [19] : 48 [17] : 2
Religious group | 1881 [20] [21] [22] | 1901 [23] : 34 | 1911 [24] : 27 [25] : 27 | 1921 [26] : 29 | 1931 [27] : 277 | 1941 [19] : 42 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Islam | 3,511,174 | 58.8% | 3,741,759 | 60.62% | 3,551,989 | 61.19% | 3,587,246 | 61.44% | 4,009,166 | 61.99% | 4,751,911 | 62.32% |
Hinduism [lower-alpha 3] | 2,159,634 | 36.17% | 2,042,505 | 33.09% | 1,588,097 | 27.36% | 1,556,703 | 26.66% | 1,565,034 | 24.2% | 1,799,915 | 23.6% |
Sikhism | 284,592 | 4.77% | 350,587 | 5.68% | 565,596 | 9.74% | 570,759 | 9.78% | 753,168 | 11.65% | 906,802 | 11.89% |
Christianity | 10,363 | 0.17% | 29,930 | 0.48% | 92,524 | 1.59% | 117,172 | 2.01% | 132,500 | 2.05% | 155,386 | 2.04% |
Jainism | 5,231 | 0.09% | 7,278 | 0.12% | 6,695 | 0.12% | 6,866 | 0.12% | 7,299 | 0.11% | 9,172 | 0.12% |
Zoroastrianism | 200 | 0% | 117 | 0% | 152 | 0% | 111 | 0% | 76 | 0% | 141 | 0% |
Buddhism | 0 | 0% | 6 | 0% | 11 | 0% | 8 | 0% | 22 | 0% | 171 | 0% |
Judaism | — | — | 5 | 0% | 17 | 0% | 1 | 0% | 7 | 0% | 6 | 0% |
Others | 1 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 3 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 1,681 | 0.02% |
Total population [lower-alpha 16] | 5,971,195 | 100% | 6,172,187 | 100% | 5,805,081 | 100% | 5,838,869 | 100% | 6,467,272 | 100% | 7,625,185 | 100% |
District/ Princely State | Islam | Hinduism | Sikhism | Christianity | Jainism | Others [lower-alpha 17] | Total | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Ambala District | 240,710 | 29.5% | 510,105 | 62.52% | 58,073 | 7.12% | 4,362 | 0.53% | 2,614 | 0.32% | 16 | 0% | 815,880 | 100% |
Kalsia State | 21,921 | 32.63% | 38,626 | 57.5% | 6,453 | 9.61% | 0 | 0% | 181 | 0.27% | 0 | 0% | 67,181 | 100% |
Hoshiarpur District | 312,958 | 31.62% | 603,710 | 60.99% | 71,126 | 7.19% | 813 | 0.08% | 1,173 | 0.12% | 2 | 0% | 989,782 | 100% |
Gurdaspur District | 463,371 | 49.28% | 380,636 | 40.48% | 91,756 | 9.76% | 4,471 | 0.48% | 72 | 0.01% | 28 | 0% | 940,334 | 100% |
Sialkot District | 716,953 | 66.15% | 302,012 | 27.86% | 50,982 | 4.7% | 11,939 | 1.1% | 2,008 | 0.19% | 15 | 0% | 1,083,909 | 100% |
Gujrat District | 655,838 | 87.38% | 69,346 | 9.24% | 24,893 | 3.32% | 460 | 0.06% | 11 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 750,548 | 100% |
Jhelum District | 526,725 | 88.67% | 51,801 | 8.72% | 15,070 | 2.54% | 271 | 0.05% | 151 | 0.03% | 0 | 0% | 594,018 | 100% |
Rawalpindi District | 803,283 | 86.32% | 86,269 | 9.27% | 32,234 | 3.46% | 7,614 | 0.82% | 1,068 | 0.11% | 67 | 0.01% | 930,535 | 100% |
Total | 3,741,759 | 60.62% | 2,042,505 | 33.09% | 350,587 | 5.68% | 29,930 | 0.48% | 7,278 | 0.12% | 128 | 0.002% | 6,172,187 | 100% |
District/ Princely State | Islam | Hinduism | Sikhism | Christianity | Jainism | Others [lower-alpha 17] | Total | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Ambala District | 205,203 | 29.74% | 380,592 | 55.16% | 94,471 | 13.69% | 7,483 | 1.08% | 2,187 | 0.32% | 34 | 0% | 689,970 | 100% |
Kalsia State | 18,820 | 33.66% | 30,640 | 54.8% | 6,258 | 11.19% | 31 | 0.06% | 160 | 0.29% | 0 | 0% | 55,909 | 100% |
Hoshiarpur District | 281,805 | 30.68% | 498,642 | 54.28% | 134,146 | 14.6% | 2,978 | 0.32% | 998 | 0.11% | 0 | 0% | 918,569 | 100% |
Gurdaspur District | 408,216 | 48.78% | 284,017 | 33.94% | 121,078 | 14.47% | 23,365 | 2.79% | 73 | 0.01% | 22 | 0% | 836,771 | 100% |
Sialkot District | 604,801 | 61.74% | 242,325 | 24.74% | 81,761 | 8.35% | 48,620 | 4.96% | 2,029 | 0.21% | 17 | 0% | 979,553 | 100% |
Gujrat District | 650,893 | 87.29% | 49,430 | 6.63% | 44,693 | 5.99% | 570 | 0.08% | 48 | 0.01% | 0 | 0% | 745,634 | 100% |
Jhelum District | 452,260 | 88.41% | 34,261 | 6.7% | 24,436 | 4.78% | 450 | 0.09% | 163 | 0.03% | 5 | 0% | 511,575 | 100% |
Rawalpindi District | 458,101 | 83.62% | 48,449 | 8.84% | 31,839 | 5.81% | 8,320 | 1.52% | 1,028 | 0.19% | 90 | 0.02% | 547,827 | 100% |
Attock District | 471,890 | 90.88% | 19,741 | 3.8% | 26,914 | 5.18% | 707 | 0.14% | 9 | 0% | 12 | 0% | 519,273 | 100% |
Total | 3,551,989 | 61.19% | 1,588,097 | 27.36% | 565,596 | 9.74% | 92,524 | 1.59% | 6,695 | 0.12% | 180 | 0.003% | 5,805,081 | 100% |
District/ Princely State | Islam | Hinduism | Sikhism | Christianity | Jainism | Others [lower-alpha 17] | Total | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Ambala District | 205,750 | 30.19% | 370,125 | 54.31% | 97,614 | 14.32% | 5,679 | 0.83% | 2,272 | 0.33% | 37 | 0.01% | 681,477 | 100% |
Kalsia State | 20,394 | 35.55% | 28,769 | 50.15% | 8,014 | 13.97% | 4 | 0.01% | 190 | 0.33% | 0 | 0% | 57,371 | 100% |
Hoshiarpur District | 289,298 | 31.19% | 500,339 | 53.95% | 132,958 | 14.34% | 3,745 | 0.4% | 1,079 | 0.12% | 0 | 0% | 927,419 | 100% |
Gurdaspur District | 422,877 | 49.62% | 258,823 | 30.37% | 137,625 | 16.15% | 32,832 | 3.85% | 20 | 0% | 15 | 0% | 852,192 | 100% |
Sialkot District | 580,532 | 61.9% | 217,912 | 23.24% | 74,939 | 7.99% | 62,266 | 6.64% | 2,147 | 0.23% | 27 | 0% | 937,823 | 100% |
Gujrat District | 709,684 | 86.12% | 62,529 | 7.59% | 49,456 | 6% | 2,373 | 0.29% | 4 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 824,046 | 100% |
Jhelum District | 422,979 | 88.66% | 34,837 | 7.3% | 18,626 | 3.9% | 430 | 0.09% | 195 | 0.04% | 1 | 0% | 477,068 | 100% |
Rawalpindi District | 470,038 | 82.58% | 57,185 | 10.05% | 31,718 | 5.57% | 9,286 | 1.63% | 954 | 0.17% | 43 | 0.01% | 569,224 | 100% |
Attock District | 465,694 | 90.91% | 26,184 | 5.11% | 19,809 | 3.87% | 557 | 0.11% | 5 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 512,249 | 100% |
Total | 3,587,246 | 61.44% | 1,556,703 | 26.66% | 570,759 | 9.78% | 117,172 | 2.01% | 6,866 | 0.12% | 123 | 0.002% | 5,838,869 | 100% |
District/ Princely State | Islam | Hinduism [lower-alpha 3] | Sikhism | Christianity | Jainism | Others [lower-alpha 17] | Total | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Ambala District | 230,837 | 31.07% | 346,809 | 46.68% | 155,555 | 20.94% | 7,141 | 0.96% | 2,550 | 0.34% | 10 | 0% | 742,902 | 100% |
Kalsia State | 21,797 | 36.42% | 28,832 | 48.18% | 9,035 | 15.1% | 22 | 0.04% | 162 | 0.27% | 0 | 0% | 59,848 | 100% |
Hoshiarpur District | 328,078 | 31.78% | 526,182 | 50.98% | 173,147 | 16.77% | 3,764 | 0.36% | 1,016 | 0.1% | 0 | 0% | 1,032,187 | 100% |
Gurdaspur District | 493,216 | 50.8% | 255,949 | 26.36% | 178,471 | 18.38% | 43,243 | 4.45% | 15 | 0% | 4 | 0% | 970,898 | 100% |
Sialkot District | 609,633 | 62.23% | 206,421 | 21.07% | 94,955 | 9.69% | 66,365 | 6.77% | 2,236 | 0.23% | 7 | 0% | 979,617 | 100% |
Gujrat District | 786,750 | 85.29% | 73,356 | 7.95% | 59,188 | 6.42% | 3,097 | 0.34% | 32 | 0% | 4 | 0% | 922,427 | 100% |
Jhelum District | 482,097 | 89.1% | 36,068 | 6.67% | 22,030 | 4.07% | 672 | 0.12% | 209 | 0.04% | 0 | 0% | 541,076 | 100% |
Rawalpindi District | 524,965 | 82.76% | 59,485 | 9.38% | 41,265 | 6.51% | 7,486 | 1.18% | 1,077 | 0.17% | 79 | 0.01% | 634,357 | 100% |
Attock District | 531,793 | 91.07% | 31,932 | 5.47% | 19,522 | 3.34% | 710 | 0.12% | 2 | 0% | 1 | 0% | 583,960 | 100% |
Total | 4,009,166 | 61.99% | 1,565,034 | 24.2% | 753,168 | 11.65% | 132,500 | 2.05% | 7,299 | 0.11% | 105 | 0.002% | 6,467,272 | 100% |
District/ Princely State | Islam | Hinduism [lower-alpha 3] | Sikhism | Christianity | Jainism | Others [lower-alpha 17] | Total | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Ambala District | 268,999 | 31.73% | 412,658 | 48.68% | 156,543 | 18.47% | 6,065 | 0.72% | 3,065 | 0.36% | 415 | 0.05% | 847,745 | 100% |
Kalsia State | 25,049 | 37.17% | 29,866 | 44.32% | 12,235 | 18.15% | 55 | 0.08% | 188 | 0.28% | 0 | 0% | 67,393 | 100% |
Hoshiarpur District | 380,759 | 32.53% | 584,080 | 49.91% | 198,194 | 16.93% | 6,165 | 0.53% | 1,125 | 0.1% | 0 | 0% | 1,170,323 | 100% |
Gurdaspur District | 589,923 | 51.14% | 290,774 | 25.21% | 221,261 | 19.18% | 51,522 | 4.47% | 25 | 0% | 6 | 0% | 1,153,511 | 100% |
Sialkot District | 739,218 | 62.09% | 231,319 | 19.43% | 139,409 | 11.71% | 75,831 | 6.37% | 3,250 | 0.27% | 1,470 | 0.12% | 1,190,497 | 100% |
Gujrat District | 945,609 | 85.58% | 84,643 | 7.66% | 70,233 | 6.36% | 4,449 | 0.4% | 10 | 0% | 8 | 0% | 1,104,952 | 100% |
Jhelum District | 563,033 | 89.42% | 40,888 | 6.49% | 24,680 | 3.92% | 893 | 0.14% | 159 | 0.03% | 5 | 0% | 629,658 | 100% |
Rawalpindi District | 628,193 | 80% | 82,478 | 10.5% | 64,127 | 8.17% | 9,014 | 1.15% | 1,337 | 0.17% | 82 | 0.01% | 785,231 | 100% |
Attock District | 611,128 | 90.42% | 43,209 | 6.39% | 20,120 | 2.98% | 1,392 | 0.21% | 13 | 0% | 13 | 0% | 675,875 | 100% |
Total | 4,751,911 | 62.32% | 1,799,915 | 23.6% | 906,802 | 11.89% | 155,386 | 2.04% | 9,172 | 0.12% | 1,999 | 0.03% | 7,625,185 | 100% |
Including Montgomery District, Shahpur District, Mianwali District, Lyallpur District, Jhang District, Multan District, Bahawalpur State, Muzaffargarh District, Dera Ghazi Khan District, and the Biloch Trans–Frontier Tract. [19] : 48 [17] : 2
Religious group | 1881 [20] [21] [22] | 1901 [23] : 34 | 1911 [24] : 27 [25] : 27 | 1921 [26] : 29 | 1931 [27] : 277 | 1941 [19] : 42 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Islam | 2,539,038 | 82.68% | 3,883,740 | 79.01% | 4,504,312 | 80% | 4,798,526 | 78.95% | 5,725,804 | 78.22% | 7,172,557 | 77.86% |
Hinduism [lower-alpha 3] | 501,159 | 16.32% | 877,147 | 17.84% | 764,816 | 13.58% | 864,812 | 14.23% | 1,014,922 | 13.86% | 1,292,390 | 14.03% |
Sikhism | 28,020 | 0.91% | 142,955 | 2.91% | 316,489 | 5.62% | 342,498 | 5.64% | 492,723 | 6.73% | 620,479 | 6.74% |
Christianity | 2,122 | 0.07% | 11,143 | 0.23% | 44,365 | 0.79% | 71,192 | 1.17% | 86,186 | 1.18% | 107,923 | 1.17% |
Jainism | 326 | 0.01% | 345 | 0.01% | 611 | 0.01% | 584 | 0.01% | 744 | 0.01% | 1,134 | 0.01% |
Zoroastrianism | 70 | 0% | 54 | 0% | 71 | 0% | 57 | 0% | 176 | 0% | 88 | 0% |
Buddhism | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 29 | 0% | 2 | 0% | 3 | 0% | 30 | 0% |
Judaism | — | — | 0 | 0% | 6 | 0% | 3 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 3 | 0% |
Others | 7 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 17,664 | 0.19% |
Total population [lower-alpha 16] | 3,070,742 | 100% | 4,915,384 | 100% | 5,630,699 | 100% | 6,077,674 | 100% | 7,320,558 | 100% | 9,212,268 | 100% |
District/ Princely State | Islam | Hinduism | Sikhism | Christianity | Jainism | Others [lower-alpha 17] | Total | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Montgomery District | 334,474 | 72.15% | 109,945 | 23.72% | 19,092 | 4.12% | 66 | 0.01% | 8 | 0% | 1 | 0% | 463,586 | 100% |
Shahpur District | 442,921 | 84.49% | 68,489 | 13.06% | 12,756 | 2.43% | 91 | 0.02% | 2 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 524,259 | 100% |
Mianwali District | 371,674 | 87.54% | 50,202 | 11.82% | 2,633 | 0.62% | 44 | 0.01% | 35 | 0.01% | 0 | 0% | 424,588 | 100% |
Lyallpur District | 484,657 | 61.2% | 210,459 | 26.58% | 88,049 | 11.12% | 8,672 | 1.1% | 23 | 0% | 1 | 0% | 791,861 | 100% |
Jhang District | 295,481 | 78.03% | 79,650 | 21.03% | 3,526 | 0.93% | 38 | 0.01% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 378,695 | 100% |
Multan District | 570,254 | 80.25% | 133,560 | 18.79% | 4,662 | 0.66% | 1,964 | 0.28% | 134 | 0.02% | 52 | 0.01% | 710,626 | 100% |
Muzaffargarh District | 350,177 | 86.32% | 52,221 | 12.87% | 3,225 | 0.8% | 33 | 0.01% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 405,656 | 100% |
Dera Ghazi Khan District | 412,012 | 87.45% | 57,815 | 12.27% | 1,027 | 0.22% | 152 | 0.03% | 143 | 0.03% | 0 | 0% | 471,149 | 100% |
Bahawalpur State | 598,139 | 82.97% | 114,670 | 15.91% | 7,985 | 1.11% | 83 | 0.01% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 720,877 | 100% |
Biloch Trans–Frontier Tract | 23,951 | 99.44% | 136 | 0.56% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 24,087 | 100% |
Total | 3,883,740 | 79.01% | 877,147 | 17.84% | 142,955 | 2.91% | 11,143 | 0.23% | 345 | 0.01% | 54 | 0.001% | 4,915,384 | 100% |
District/ Princely State | Islam | Hinduism | Sikhism | Christianity | Jainism | Others [lower-alpha 17] | Total | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Montgomery District | 399,723 | 74.67% | 66,803 | 12.48% | 68,175 | 12.74% | 581 | 0.11% | 13 | 0% | 4 | 0% | 535,299 | 100% |
Shahpur District | 572,565 | 83.3% | 72,695 | 10.58% | 33,456 | 4.87% | 8,616 | 1.25% | 5 | 0% | 29 | 0% | 687,366 | 100% |
Mianwali District | 299,971 | 87.87% | 36,326 | 10.64% | 4,881 | 1.43% | 168 | 0.05% | 31 | 0.01% | 0 | 0% | 341,377 | 100% |
Lyallpur District | 524,288 | 61.13% | 154,603 | 18.03% | 146,670 | 17.1% | 32,023 | 3.73% | 125 | 0.01% | 2 | 0% | 857,711 | 100% |
Jhang District | 422,468 | 81.95% | 73,426 | 14.24% | 19,427 | 3.77% | 201 | 0.04% | 4 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 515,526 | 100% |
Multan District | 665,488 | 81.67% | 126,603 | 15.54% | 19,881 | 2.44% | 2,441 | 0.3% | 394 | 0.05% | 64 | 0.01% | 814,871 | 100% |
Muzaffargarh District | 494,915 | 86.91% | 68,158 | 11.97% | 6,322 | 1.11% | 60 | 0.01% | 1 | 0% | 5 | 0% | 569,461 | 100% |
Dera Ghazi Khan District | 442,234 | 88.47% | 56,485 | 11.3% | 1,042 | 0.21% | 76 | 0.02% | 23 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 499,860 | 100% |
Bahawalpur State | 654,247 | 83.81% | 109,548 | 14.03% | 16,630 | 2.13% | 199 | 0.03% | 15 | 0% | 2 | 0% | 780,641 | 100% |
Biloch Trans–Frontier Tract | 28,413 | 99.39% | 169 | 0.59% | 5 | 0.02% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 28,587 | 100% |
Total | 4,504,312 | 80% | 764,816 | 13.58% | 316,489 | 5.62% | 44,365 | 0.79% | 611 | 0.01% | 106 | 0.002% | 5,630,699 | 100% |
District/ Princely State | Islam | Hinduism | Sikhism | Christianity | Jainism | Others [lower-alpha 17] | Total | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Montgomery District | 513,055 | 71.88% | 94,791 | 13.28% | 95,520 | 13.38% | 10,408 | 1.46% | 12 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 713,786 | 100% |
Shahpur District | 596,100 | 82.8% | 82,182 | 11.42% | 30,361 | 4.22% | 11,270 | 1.57% | 3 | 0% | 2 | 0% | 719,918 | 100% |
Mianwali District | 308,876 | 86.23% | 45,974 | 12.83% | 2,986 | 0.83% | 369 | 0.1% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 358,205 | 100% |
Lyallpur District | 594,917 | 60.74% | 181,488 | 18.53% | 160,821 | 16.42% | 42,004 | 4.29% | 231 | 0.02% | 2 | 0% | 979,463 | 100% |
Jhang District | 475,388 | 83.32% | 85,339 | 14.96% | 9,376 | 1.64% | 449 | 0.08% | 7 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 570,559 | 100% |
Multan District | 731,605 | 82.18% | 134,013 | 15.05% | 18,562 | 2.08% | 6,006 | 0.67% | 28 | 0% | 50 | 0.01% | 890,264 | 100% |
Muzaffargarh District | 493,369 | 86.79% | 69,878 | 12.29% | 4,869 | 0.86% | 356 | 0.06% | 6 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 568,478 | 100% |
Dera Ghazi Khan District | 411,431 | 87.72% | 56,346 | 12.01% | 932 | 0.2% | 47 | 0.01% | 296 | 0.06% | 0 | 0% | 469,052 | 100% |
Bahawalpur State | 647,207 | 82.85% | 114,621 | 14.67% | 19,071 | 2.44% | 283 | 0.04% | 1 | 0% | 8 | 0% | 781,191 | 100% |
Biloch Trans–Frontier Tract | 26,578 | 99.33% | 180 | 0.67% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 26,758 | 100% |
Total | 4,798,526 | 78.95% | 864,812 | 14.23% | 342,498 | 5.64% | 71,192 | 1.17% | 584 | 0.01% | 62 | 0.001% | 6,077,674 | 100% |
District/ Princely State | Islam | Hinduism [lower-alpha 3] | Sikhism | Christianity | Jainism | Others [lower-alpha 17] | Total | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Montgomery District | 697,542 | 69.77% | 136,783 | 13.68% | 148,155 | 14.82% | 17,245 | 1.72% | 38 | 0% | 9 | 0% | 999,772 | 100% |
Shahpur District | 679,546 | 82.72% | 90,561 | 11.02% | 40,074 | 4.88% | 11,294 | 1.37% | 14 | 0% | 1 | 0% | 821,490 | 100% |
Mianwali District | 357,109 | 86.77% | 49,794 | 12.1% | 4,231 | 1.03% | 380 | 0.09% | 20 | 0% | 5 | 0% | 411,539 | 100% |
Lyallpur District | 720,996 | 62.62% | 173,344 | 15.06% | 211,391 | 18.36% | 45,518 | 3.95% | 95 | 0.01% | 7 | 0% | 1,151,351 | 100% |
Jhang District | 552,853 | 83.16% | 102,990 | 15.49% | 8,476 | 1.27% | 494 | 0.07% | 0 | 0% | 20 | 0% | 664,833 | 100% |
Multan District | 942,937 | 80.26% | 182,029 | 15.49% | 39,453 | 3.36% | 9,924 | 0.84% | 440 | 0.04% | 117 | 0.01% | 1,174,900 | 100% |
Muzaffargarh District | 513,265 | 86.79% | 72,577 | 12.27% | 5,287 | 0.89% | 246 | 0.04% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 591,375 | 100% |
Dera Ghazi Khan District | 432,911 | 88.16% | 57,217 | 11.65% | 760 | 0.15% | 31 | 0.01% | 125 | 0.03% | 0 | 0% | 491,044 | 100% |
Bahawalpur State | 799,176 | 81.17% | 149,454 | 15.18% | 34,896 | 3.54% | 1,054 | 0.11% | 12 | 0% | 20 | 0% | 984,612 | 100% |
Biloch Trans–Frontier Tract | 29,469 | 99.42% | 173 | 0.58% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 29,642 | 100% |
Total | 5,725,804 | 78.22% | 1,014,922 | 13.86% | 492,723 | 6.73% | 86,186 | 1.18% | 744 | 0.01% | 179 | 0.002% | 7,320,558 | 100% |
District/ Princely State | Islam | Hinduism [lower-alpha 3] | Sikhism | Christianity | Jainism | Others [lower-alpha 17] | Total | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Montgomery District | 918,564 | 69.11% | 210,966 | 15.87% | 175,064 | 13.17% | 24,432 | 1.84% | 49 | 0% | 28 | 0% | 1,329,103 | 100% |
Shahpur District | 835,918 | 83.68% | 102,172 | 10.23% | 48,046 | 4.81% | 12,770 | 1.28% | 13 | 0% | 2 | 0% | 998,921 | 100% |
Mianwali District | 436,260 | 86.16% | 62,814 | 12.41% | 6,865 | 1.36% | 358 | 0.07% | 23 | 0% | 1 | 0% | 506,321 | 100% |
Lyallpur District | 877,518 | 62.85% | 204,059 | 14.61% | 262,737 | 18.82% | 51,948 | 3.72% | 35 | 0% | 8 | 0% | 1,396,305 | 100% |
Jhang District | 678,736 | 82.61% | 129,889 | 15.81% | 12,238 | 1.49% | 763 | 0.09% | 5 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 821,631 | 100% |
Multan District | 1,157,911 | 78.01% | 249,872 | 16.83% | 61,628 | 4.15% | 14,290 | 0.96% | 552 | 0.04% | 80 | 0.01% | 1,484,333 | 100% |
Muzaffargarh District | 616,074 | 86.42% | 90,643 | 12.72% | 5,882 | 0.83% | 227 | 0.03% | 0 | 0% | 23 | 0% | 712,849 | 100% |
Dera Ghazi Khan District | 512,678 | 88.19% | 67,407 | 11.59% | 1,072 | 0.18% | 87 | 0.01% | 106 | 0.02% | 0 | 0% | 581,350 | 100% |
Bahawalpur State | 1,098,814 | 81.93% | 174,408 | 13% | 46,945 | 3.5% | 3,048 | 0.23% | 351 | 0.03% | 17,643 | 1.32% | 1,341,209 | 100% |
Biloch Trans–Frontier Tract | 40,084 | 99.6% | 160 | 0.4% | 2 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 40,246 | 100% |
Total | 7,172,557 | 77.86% | 1,292,390 | 14.03% | 620,479 | 6.74% | 107,923 | 1.17% | 1,134 | 0.01% | 17,785 | 0.19% | 9,212,268 | 100% |
Punjab, historically known as Pentapotamia or Panchanada, is a historical, geopolitical, ethnolinguistic and cultural region in the northwestern part of South Asia, along the five major eastern tributaries of the Indus River in the Indian Subcontinent. The region is divided between modern-day eastern-Pakistan and northwestern-India.
Punjab is a province of Pakistan. Located in central-eastern region of the country, Punjab is the second-largest province of Pakistan by land area and the largest by population. Lahore is the capital and the largest city of the province. Other major cities include Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Gujranwala and Multan.
Bahawalpur is a city in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is one of the ten largest cities of Pakistan and 6th most populous city of Punjab. Bahawalpur is the capital of Bahawalpur Division.
The Partition of India in 1947 was the change of political borders and the division of other assets that accompanied the dissolution of the British Raj in the Indian subcontinent and the creation of two independent dominions in South Asia: India and Pakistan. The Dominion of India is today the Republic of India, and the Dominion of Pakistan—which at the time comprised two regions lying on either side of India—is now the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the People's Republic of Bangladesh. The partition was outlined in the Indian Independence Act 1947. The change of political borders notably included the division of two provinces of British India, Bengal and Punjab. The majority Muslim districts in these provinces were awarded to Pakistan and the majority non-Muslim to India. The other assets that were divided included the British Indian Army, the Royal Indian Navy, the Royal Indian Air Force, the Indian Civil Service, the railways, and the central treasury. Provisions for self-governing independent Pakistan and India legally came into existence at midnight on 14 and 15 August 1947 respectively.
West Punjab was a province in the Dominion of Pakistan from 1947 to 1955. It was established from the western-half of British Punjab, following the independence of Pakistan. The province covered an area of 159,344 km sq, including much of the current Punjab province and the Islamabad Capital Territory, but excluding the former Princely state of Bahawalpur. Lahore, being the largest city and the cultural centre, served as the capital of the province. The province was composed of four divisions and was bordered by the state of Bahawalpur to the south-east, the province of Baluchistan to the south-west and Sind to the south, North-West Frontier Province to the north-west, and Azad Jammu and Kashmir to the north. It shared International border with Indian state of East Punjab to the east and Indian-administered Jammu & Kashmir to the north-east. It was dissolved and merged into West Pakistan upon creation of One Unit Scheme, in 1955.
The Patiala and East Punjab States Union (PEPSU) was a state of India, uniting eight princely states between 1948 and 1956. The capital and principal city was Patiala. The state covered an area of 26,208 km2. Shimla, Kasauli, Kandaghat and Chail also became part of PEPSU.
Gurdaspur district is a district in the Majha region of the state of Punjab, India. Gurdaspur is the district headquarters. It internationally borders Narowal District of Pakistani Punjab, and the districts of Amritsar, Pathankot, Kapurthala and Hoshiarpur. Two main rivers Beas and Ravi passes through the district. The Mughal emperor Akbar is said to have been enthroned in a garden near Kalanaur, a historically important town in the district. The district is at the foothills of the Himalayas.
The Punjab Province was a province of British India. Most of the Punjab region was annexed by the British East India Company on 29 March 1849; it was one of the last areas of the Indian subcontinent to fall under British control. In 1858, the Punjab, along with the rest of British India, came under the rule of the British Crown. It had a land area of 358,355 square kilometers.
The Hill States of India were princely states lying in the northern border regions of the British Indian Empire.
East Punjab was a province of India from 1947 until 1950. It consisted parts of the Punjab province that remained in India following the partition of the province between the new dominions of Pakistan and the Indian Union by the Radcliffe Commission in 1947. The mostly Muslim western parts of the old Punjab became Pakistan's West Punjab, later renamed as Punjab Province, while the mostly Hindu and Sikh eastern parts remained with India.
Sikhism in Pakistan has an extensive heritage and history, although Sikhs form a small community in Pakistan today. Most Sikhs live in the province of Punjab, a part of the larger Punjab region where the religion originated in the Middle Ages, with some also residing in Peshawar in the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province. Nankana Sahib, the birthplace of Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism, is located in Pakistan's Punjab province. Moreover, the place where Guru Nanak died, the Gurudwara Kartarpur Sahib is also located in the same province.
The official religion of Pakistan is Islam, as enshrined by Article 2 of the Constitution, and is practised by approximately 96.47% of the country's population. The remaining 3.53% practice Hinduism, Christianity, Ahmadiyya Islam, Sikhism and other religions.
The Punjab States Agency was an agency of the British Raj. The agency was created in 1921, on the model of the Central India Agency and Rajputana Agency, and dealt with forty princely states in northwest India formerly dealt with by the Province of Punjab.
Punjab is home to 2.3% of India's population; with a density of 551 persons per km2. According to the provisional results of the 2011 national census, Punjab has a population of 27,743,338, making it the 16th most populated state in India. Of which male and female are 14,639,465 and 13,103,873 respectively. 32% of Punjab's population consists of Dalits. In the state, the rate of population growth is 13.9% (2011), lower than national average. Out of total population, 37.5% people live in urban regions. The total figure of population living in urban areas is 10,399,146 of which 5,545,989 are males and while remaining 4,853,157 are females. The urban population in the last 10 years has increased by 37.5%. According to the 2011 Census of India, Punjab, India has a population of around 27.7 million.
Punjab, historically known as Panchanada (Sanskrit) or Pentapotamia, is a state in northwestern India. Forming part of the larger Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent, the state is bordered by the Indian states of Himachal Pradesh to the north and northeast, Haryana to the south and southeast, and Rajasthan to the southwest; by the Indian union territories of Chandigarh to the east and Jammu and Kashmir to the north. It shares an international border with Punjab, a province of Pakistan to the west. The state covers an area of 50,362 square kilometres, which is 1.53% of India's total geographical area, making it the 19th-largest Indian state by area out of 28 Indian states. With over 27 million inhabitants, Punjab is the 16th-largest Indian state by population, comprising 23 districts. Punjabi, written in the Gurmukhi script, is the most widely spoken and the official language of the state. The main ethnic group are the Punjabis, with Sikhs (57.7%) and Hindus (38.5%) forming the dominant religious groups. The state capital, Chandigarh, is a union territory and also the capital of the neighbouring state of Haryana. Three tributaries of the Indus River — the Sutlej, Beas, and Ravi — flow through Punjab.
The State of Malerkotla or Maler Kotla was established by Maharaja of Parmar Rajputs, is a princely state in the Punjab region since the era of British India. Which was taken over by Sarwani and Lodi Pashtun dynasty from Afghanistan, and named Malerkotla as capital.
Islam is a minority religion in Punjab, India followed by 535,489 people constituting about 1.93 percent of the state population out of 27.7 million population as of 2011 census report.
Malerkotla district is a district in Punjab state of India. It was formed after the bifurcation of Sangrur district. Malerkotla district was carved out of Sangrur and became the 23rd district of Punjab on 02 June, 2021. District Malerkotla is divided into three subdivisions: Malerkotla, Amargarh and Ahmedgarh.
Hinduism is a minority religion in Punjab province of Pakistan followed by about 0.2% of its population. Punjab has the second largest number of Hindus in Pakistan after Sindh. Hinduism is followed mainly in the Southern Punjab districts of Rahim Yar Khan and Bahawalpur.
The Punjab, to say the least, was less Brahmanical. It was an ancient centre of the worship of Indra, who was always regarded as an enemy by the Bráhmans; and it was also a stronghold of Buddhism.
In the settlements of the Punjab, Indra thus advanced to the first place among the Vedic divinities.
The Rig Veda and the Upanishads, which belonged to the Vedic religion, were a precursor of Hinduism, both of which were composed in Punjab.
Thapar said Buddhism was very popular in Punjab during the Mauryan and post-Mauryan period. Bookended between Gandhara in Taxila on the one side where Buddhism was practised on a large scale and Mathura on another side where Buddhism, Jainism and Puranic religions were practised, this religion flourished in the state. But after the Gupta period, Buddhism began to decline.
First, Islam was introduced into the southern Punjab in the opening decades of the eighth century. By the sixteenth century, Muslims were the majority in the region and an elaborate network of mosques and mausoleums marked the landscape. Local converts constituted the majority of this Muslim community, and as far for the mechanisms of conversion, the sources of the period emphasize the recitation of the Islamic confession of faith (shahada), the performance of the circumcision (indri vaddani), and the ingestion of cow-meat (bhas khana).
While Punjabi Hindu society was relatively well established, there was also a small but vibrant Jain community in the Punjab. Buddhist communities, however, had largely disappeared by the turn of the tenth century.
With the Muslim conquest of Punjab there was a flow of Sufis and other preachers who came to spread Islam. Much of the advance of Islam was due to these preachers.