Steart Peninsula

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Stert Point Steart point.jpg
Stert Point

The Steart Peninsula (grid reference ST274459 ) is a peninsula in Somerset, England. At its outermost tip is Fenning Island (now joined to the mainland), at the tip of which is Stert Point (sometimes spelt Steart Point) which is the eastern end of the West Somerset Coast Path. North of Stert Point lies Stert Island, which was joined to the peninsula until about 1798. The peninsula consists largely of low-lying flat farmland, and projects northwards on the west side of Stockland Reach, the lower stretches of the estuary of the River Parrett.

Contents

The main settlement on the peninsula is the village of Steart, but two other villages, Stockland Bristol and Otterhampton sit at the peninsula's base. A single minor road links the village of Steart to these other villages. The River Parrett Trail runs along the peninsula.

West of the peninsula are the villages of Stolford and Hinkley Point, and to the south is the village of Combwich.

From 1927 to the 1950s, Stert Flats, the mudflats north-west of the peninsula, were used as a RAF range, the Stert Flats Air Gunnery and Bombing Range. A few structures from this time remain. [1]

Nature reserves

Aerial view of the Steart Peninsula Steart Peninsula.gif
Aerial view of the Steart Peninsula

There are two nature reserves on the peninsula. A third reserve is being developed by the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds.

Bridgwater Bay National Nature Reserve

Bridgwater Bay, a national nature reserve, lies on the northern side of the peninsula. The reserve includes the largest area of salt marsh in Somerset, and large expanses of mudflats exposed at low tide, important feeding and roosting sites for waterfowl and wading birds. There are four bird hides in the north of the reserve, near the tip of the peninsula. [2] Adjoining the reserve are three coastal commons — from west to east these are Catsford Common, Wall Common and Steart Common.

Steart Marshes

The Steart Marshes are a major wetland reserve on the south side of the peninsula, completed in 2014 and managed by the Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust. The reserve is the result of a flood management project, which involved a breach in the sea wall to permit seawater to enter the salt marsh from the tidal River Parrett.

The Steart peninsula has flooded many times during the last millennium. The most severe recent floods occurred in 1981. By 1997, a combination of coastal erosion, current sea level rise and wave action had made some of the defences distinctly fragile and at risk from failure. As a result in 2002 The Environment Agency produced the Stolford to Combwich Coastal Defence Strategy Study to examine options for the future. [3] In July 2010, the Environment Agency presented a plan to convert the peninsula into wetland habitat, [4] costing £17–20 million, [5] which included land purchase costs of £5–7 million. It was the largest wetland habitat creation scheme in England. [4] Work began on the programme in May 2012 [6] and was completed in September 2014. [7] An Environment Agency spokesman said "The Steart project will directly protect homes, businesses and the surrounding infrastructure. Salt marsh is a natural flood risk management scheme. Like coral reefs or mangroves in the tropics, salt marsh takes energy out of the tide and reduces wave height." [8] [7]

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The River Parrett flows through the counties of Dorset and Somerset in South West England, from its source in the Thorney Mills springs in the hills around Chedington in Dorset. Flowing northwest through Somerset and the Somerset Levels to its mouth at Burnham-on-Sea, into the Bridgwater Bay nature reserve on the Bristol Channel, the Parrett and its tributaries drain an area of 660 square miles (1,700 km2) – about 50 per cent of Somerset's land area, with a population of 300,000.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Somerset Levels</span> Coastal plain and wetland area of Somerset, England

The Somerset Levels are a coastal plain and wetland area of Somerset, England, running south from the Mendips to the Blackdown Hills.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">River Huntspill</span> River in Somerset, England

The River Huntspill is an artificial river, in the Somerset Levels, in the Sedgemoor district of Somerset, England. It was built in 1940 to supply process water to ROF Bridgwater, and has resulted in reduced flooding of the lower Brue Valley. Huntspill Sluice at the river's western end, also known as West Huntspill Sluice, separates it from the River Parrett.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bridgwater Bay</span> Bay in Bristol Channel

Bridgwater Bay is on the Bristol Channel, 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) north of Bridgwater in Somerset, England at the mouth of the River Parrett and the end of the River Parrett Trail. It stretches from Minehead at the southwestern end of the bay to Brean Down in the north. The area consists of large areas of mudflats, saltmarsh, sandflats and shingle ridges, some of which are vegetated. It has been designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) covering an area of 3,574.1 hectares since 1989, and is designated as a wetland of international importance under the Ramsar Convention. The risks to wildlife are highlighted in the local Oil Spill Contingency Plan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Salt marsh</span> Coastal ecosystem between land and open saltwater that is regularly flooded

A salt marsh, saltmarsh or salting, also known as a coastal salt marsh or a tidal marsh, is a coastal ecosystem in the upper coastal intertidal zone between land and open saltwater or brackish water that is regularly flooded by the tides. It is dominated by dense stands of salt-tolerant plants such as herbs, grasses, or low shrubs. These plants are terrestrial in origin and are essential to the stability of the salt marsh in trapping and binding sediments. Salt marshes play a large role in the aquatic food web and the delivery of nutrients to coastal waters. They also support terrestrial animals and provide coastal protection.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mudflat</span> Coastal wetlands where sediments have been deposited by tides or rivers

Mudflats or mud flats, also known as tidal flats or, in Ireland, slob or slobs, are coastal wetlands that form in intertidal areas where sediments have been deposited by tides or rivers. A global analysis published in 2019 suggested that tidal flat ecosystems are as extensive globally as mangroves, covering at least 127,921 km2 (49,391 sq mi) of the Earth's surface. They are found in sheltered areas such as bays, bayous, lagoons, and estuaries; they are also seen in freshwater lakes and salty lakes alike, wherein many rivers and creeks end. Mudflats may be viewed geologically as exposed layers of bay mud, resulting from deposition of estuarine silts, clays and aquatic animal detritus. Most of the sediment within a mudflat is within the intertidal zone, and thus the flat is submerged and exposed approximately twice daily.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">River Brue</span> River in Somerset, England

The River Brue originates in the parish of Brewham in Somerset, England, and reaches the sea some 50 kilometres (31 mi) west at Burnham-on-Sea. It originally took a different route from Glastonbury to the sea, but this was changed by Glastonbury Abbey in the twelfth century. The river provides an important drainage route for water from a low-lying area which is prone to flooding which man has tried to manage through rhynes, canals, artificial rivers and sluices for centuries.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Steart</span> Human settlement in England

Steart, historically also called Stert, is a small village in Somerset, England. It lies in an isolated position on the Steart Peninsula on the Bristol Channel coast, about 6 miles (10 km) north of Bridgwater.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Combwich</span> Village in Somerset, England

Combwich is a village in the parish of Otterhampton within the Sedgemoor district of Somerset, between Bridgwater and the Steart Peninsula.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stockland Bristol</span> Human settlement in England

Stockland Bristol is a village and civil parish in the Sedgemoor district of Somerset, between Bridgwater and the Steart Peninsula.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Otterhampton</span> Human settlement in England

Otterhampton is a village and civil parish in the Sedgemoor district of Somerset, England, between Bridgwater and the Steart Peninsula. The civil parish includes the larger village of Combwich and the small village of Steart.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">River Parrett Trail</span> Long-distance footpath in Dorset and Somerset, England

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Geography of Somerset</span>

The county of Somerset is in South West England, bordered by the Bristol Channel and the counties of Bristol and Gloucestershire to the north, and Wiltshire to the east, Dorset to the south, and Devon to the west. The climate, influenced by its proximity to the Atlantic Ocean and the prevailing westerly winds, tends to be mild, damp and windy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ham Wall</span> Wetland nature reserve in Somerset, England

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References

  1. "Monument No. 975093". PastScape. Historic England. Retrieved 26 August 2019.
  2. "Bridgwater Bay National Nature Reserve" (PDF). Natural England. 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 July 2014. Retrieved 25 January 2015.
  3. "Stolford to Combwich Coastal Defence Strategy Study" (PDF). Environment Agency. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 31 October 2007.
  4. 1 2 "Plans to flood Steart peninsula to create wetlands". BBC. 5 July 2010. Retrieved 26 July 2010.
  5. Richard Benyon (28 February 2011). "Steart Coastal Management Project". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) . House of Commons. col. 66W.
  6. "The Steart Peninsula Project". Archived from the original on 3 December 2012.
  7. 1 2 Morris, Steven (8 September 2014). "£20m salt marsh to create wildlife habitat and fight erosion from sea". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 September 2014.
  8. Vieira Da Silva, Lia; Everard, Mark; Shore, Robert G. (2014). "Ecosystem services assessment at Steart Peninsula, Somerset, UK" (PDF). Ecosystem Services. 10: 19–34. doi:10.1016/j.ecoser.2014.07.008.

Coordinates: 51°12′36″N3°02′06″W / 51.210°N 3.035°W / 51.210; -3.035