Solar eclipse of January 15, 2010

Last updated
Solar eclipse of January 15, 2010
(closeup) Solar annular eclipse of January 15, 2010 in Bangui, Central African Republic.JPG
SE2010Jan15A.png
Map
Type of eclipse
NatureAnnular
Gamma 0.4002
Magnitude 0.919
Maximum eclipse
Duration668 sec (11 m 8 s)
Coordinates 1°36′N69°18′E / 1.6°N 69.3°E / 1.6; 69.3
Max. width of band333 km (207 mi)
Times (UTC)
(P1) Partial begin4:05:28
(U1) Total begin5:13:55
Greatest eclipse7:07:39
(U4) Total end8:59:04
(P4) Partial end10:07:35
References
Saros 141 (23 of 70)
Catalog # (SE5000) 9529

An annular solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of the orbit on Friday, January 15, 2010, with a magnitude of 0.91903. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. It was the longest annular solar eclipse of the millennium, [1] and the longest until December 23, 3043, with the length of maximum eclipse of 11 minutes, 7.8 seconds, and the longest duration of 11 minutes, 10.7 seconds. [2] This is about 4 minutes longer than total solar eclipses could ever get. (The solar eclipse of January 4, 1992, was longer, at 11 minutes, 40.9 seconds, occurring in the middle of the Pacific Ocean.) [3]

Contents

The eclipse was visible as only a partial eclipse in much of Africa, Eastern Europe, the Middle East and Asia. It was seen as an annular eclipse within a narrow stretch of 300 km (190 mi) width across Central Africa, Maldives, South Kerala (India), South Tamil Nadu (India), Sri Lanka and parts of Bangladesh, Burma and China.

The exact time of the greatest eclipse took place on Friday, January 15, 2010, at 07:06:33.2 a.m. UTC, but occurring only 1.8 days before apogee (Apogee on Sunday, January 17, 2010, at 01:40 a.m. UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was 6.3% smaller than average, and the Moon's distance from the Earth was 405,391 km (251,898 mi).

Summary of the Annular Solar Eclipse of January 15, 2010

Eclipse Magnitude: 0.91903

Eclipse Obscuration: 0.84462

Gamma: 0.40016

Saros Series: 141st (23 of 70)

Sun Right Ascension: 19.8

Moon Right Ascension: 19.79

Sun Declination: -21.1

Moon Declination: -20.8

Sun Diameter: 1951.0 arcseconds

Moon Diameter: 1768.6 arcseconds

Radius of the Penumbral Shadow: 7,322.7 km (4,550.1 mi)

Radius of the Antumbral Shadow: 361.7 km (224.8 mi)

Path Width: 333.1 km (207 mi)

Greatest Eclipse: 2010 January 15 at 07:06:33.2 UTC

Apogee at 2010 January 17 at 01:41 UTC (406,433 km (252,546 mi))

EventUTC time
First Penumbral External Contact2010 Jan 15 at 04:05:27.6 UTC
First Umbral External Contact2010 Jan 15 at 05:13:55.0 UTC
First Central Line2010 Jan 15 at 05:17:34.8 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact2010 Jan 15 at 05:21:15.9 UTC
First Penumbral Internal Contact2010 Jan 15 at 06:50:06.9 UTC
Greatest Eclipse2010 Jan 15 at 07:06:33.2 UTC
Last Penumbral Internal Contact2010 Jan 15 at 07:22:37.8 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact2010 Jan 15 at 08:51:40.5 UTC
Last Central Line2010 Jan 15 at 08:55:22.8 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact2010 Jan 15 at 08:59:03.9 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact2010 Jan 15 at 10:07:35.3 UTC

Visibility of the eclipse

The eclipse in Bangui, Central African Republic at sunrise Solar annular eclipse of January 15, 2010 in Bangui, Central African Republic.JPG
The eclipse in Bangui, Central African Republic at sunrise

The eclipse started in the Central African Republic near the border with Chad, traversed DR Congo, Uganda, Kenya, passed through the northern tip of Tanzania, southwestern Somalia and three islands of Seychelles (Bird, Denis and Aride), before it entered the Indian Ocean, where it reached its greatest visibility. It then passed through Maldives. The annular eclipse at Malé, the capital city of the country, started at 12:20:17 and ended at 12:31:02 local time (UTC+5), lasting for 10 minutes and 45 seconds (645 seconds). This was also the longest duration of any eclipse with an international airport in its track. [4]

At approximately 13:20 IST, the annular solar eclipse entered India at Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum), the capital of Kerala and exited India at Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu.

The eclipse was viewable for 10 minutes in India. After Rameswaram, it entered Sri Lanka at Delft Island, exited at Jaffna in Sri Lanka, crossed the Bay of Bengal and re-entered India in Mizoram.

The eclipse from Thiruvananthapuram, India where the eclipse was 92% Eclipse5.jpg
The eclipse from Thiruvananthapuram, India where the eclipse was 92%

Thiruvananthapuram, which was the entry point of the eclipse in India, was equipped with telescopes and announced facilities for the public to view the eclipse. [5] Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, situated in Trivandrum, analysed the atmospheric-ionospheric parameters during the eclipse. [6] Many scientists camped in the city to witness and study the eclipse. [7]

At Rameswaram, the sunrise was not visible due to thick clouds, but it started getting clear at around 9 am local time and became almost totally clear by the time the eclipse began. The sky had a thin layer of cirrus clouds till 2:30 pm. Among the eclipse-watchers was Sky Watchers' Association of North Bengal (SWAN) from Siliguri at the foothills of West Bengal and Tamil Nadu Astronomical Association.

Dhanushkodi, which falls on the central line of the eclipse, was a good place to view the eclipse. The northernmost limit of shadow in India was Cuddalore, Neyveli, Erode, Kodaikanal, and Madurai. Other prime viewing locations in Tamil Nadu include Thoothukudi and Cape Comorin, 22 km north of the center line. The exact location of the line is between the NH end and the Dhanushkodi ruins. Dhanushkodi is about 2 km east of the central line. The degree difference is about 0.2 between the central line – with Kodandaramar Temple and Dhanushkodi ruins vice versa. Dhanushkodi is about 5 km from the Kodandaramar Temple.

After South Asia, the antumbra passed through the southern tip of Bangladesh, Myanmar and China before leaving the Earth.

Eclipses of 2010

Tzolkinex

Half-Saros cycle

Tritos

Solar Saros 141

Inex

Triad

Solar eclipses 2008–2011

This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit. [8]

Solar eclipse series sets from 2008–2011
Ascending node Descending node
SarosMapGammaSarosMapGamma
121
Solar eclipse 2008Feb07-New Zealand-partial-Greg Hewgill.jpg
Partial from Christchurch, NZ
2008 February 07
SE2008Feb07A.png
Annular
-0.95701126
NovosibirskTotalEclipsePhoto-cropped.jpg
Novosibirsk, Russia
2008 August 01
SE2008Aug01T.png
Total
0.83070
131
Solar Eclipse from Riversdale South Africa by Wim Filmalter (3238794030) (cropped).jpg
Partial from Riversdal
2009 January 26
SE2009Jan26A.png
Annular
-0.28197136
Solar eclipse 22 July 2009 taken by Lutfar Rahman Nirjhar from Bangladesh.jpg
Kurigram, Bangladesh
2009 July 22
SE2009Jul22T.png
Total
0.06977
141
(closeup) Solar annular eclipse of January 15, 2010 in Bangui, Central African Republic.JPG
Bangui, Central African Republic
2010 January 15
SE2010Jan15A.png
Annular
0.40016146
Eclipse 2010 Hao 1.JPG
Hao, French Polynesia
2010 July 11
SE2010Jul11T.png
Total
-0.67877
151
Solar eclipse Vienna 2011-1-4 a.jpg
Partial from Vienna, Austria
2011 January 04
SE2011Jan04P.png
Partial (north)
1.06265156 2011 July 01
SE2011Jul01P.png
Partial (south)
-1.49171

Partial solar eclipses on June 1, 2011, and November 25, 2011, occur on the next lunar year eclipse set.

Saros 141

Solar saros 141, repeating every about 18 years, 11 days, and 8 hours, contains 70 events. The series started with partial solar eclipse on May 19, 1613. It contains 41 annular eclipses from August 4, 1739, to October 14, 2460. There are no total eclipses in this series. The series ends at member 70 as a partial eclipse on June 13, 2857. The longest annular eclipse occurred on December 14, 1955, with maximum duration of annularity at 12 minutes and 9 seconds. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node. [9]

Series members 17–36 occur between 1901 and 2259
171819
SE1901Nov11A.png
November 11, 1901
SE1919Nov22A.png
November 22, 1919
SE1937Dec02A.png
December 2, 1937
202122
SE1955Dec14A.png
December 14, 1955
SE1973Dec24A.png
December 24, 1973
SE1992Jan04A.png
January 4, 1992
232425
SE2010Jan15A.png
January 15, 2010
SE2028Jan26A.png
January 26, 2028
SE2046Feb05A.png
February 5, 2046
262728
SE2064Feb17A.png
February 17, 2064
SE2082Feb27A.png
February 27, 2082
SE2100Mar10A.png
March 10, 2100
293031
SE2118Mar22A.png
March 22, 2118
SE2136Apr01A.png
April 1, 2136
SE2154Apr12A.png
April 12, 2154
323334
SE2172Apr23A.png
April 23, 2172
SE2190May04A.png
May 4, 2190
SE2208May15A.png
May 15, 2208
3536
SE2226May27A.png
May 27, 2226
SE2244Jun06A.png
June 6, 2244

Metonic series

The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.

21 eclipse events, progressing from south to north between June 10, 1964, and August 21, 2036
June 10–11March 27–29January 15–16November 3August 21–22
117119121123125
SE1964Jun10P.png
June 10, 1964
SE1968Mar28P.png
March 28, 1968
SE1972Jan16A.png
January 16, 1972
SE1975Nov03P.png
November 3, 1975
SE1979Aug22A.png
August 22, 1979
127129131133135
SE1983Jun11T.png
June 11, 1983
SE1987Mar29H.png
March 29, 1987
SE1991Jan15A.png
January 15, 1991
SE1994Nov03T.png
November 3, 1994
SE1998Aug22A.png
August 22, 1998
137139141143145
SE2002Jun10A.png
June 10, 2002
SE2006Mar29T.png
March 29, 2006
SE2010Jan15A.png
January 15, 2010
SE2013Nov03H.png
November 3, 2013
SE2017Aug21T.png
August 21, 2017
147149151153155
SE2021Jun10A.png
June 10, 2021
SE2025Mar29P.png
March 29, 2025
SE2029Jan14P.png
January 14, 2029
SE2032Nov03P.png
November 3, 2032
SE2036Aug21P.png
August 21, 2036

Notes

  1. NASA – Solar Eclipse Search Engine
  2. Espenak, Fred. "Besselian Elements for Annular Solar Eclipse of 2010 Jan 15". NASA Eclipse Web Site.
  3. Annular Solar Eclipse Occurs on January 15, 2010
  4. NASA: Eclipses During 2010: Annular Solar Eclipse of January 15
  5. Facilities to view the solar eclipse in Trivandrum
  6. VSSC expects insights from eclipse
  7. City Bureau (January 15, 2010). "Celestial treat, a day away". The Hindu . Archived from the original on January 17, 2010.
  8. van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  9. Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses NASA Eclipse Web Site.

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References