Solar eclipse of January 15, 2010 | |
---|---|
Type of eclipse | |
Nature | Annular |
Gamma | 0.4002 |
Magnitude | 0.919 |
Maximum eclipse | |
Duration | 668 sec (11 m 8 s) |
Coordinates | 1°36′N69°18′E / 1.6°N 69.3°E |
Max. width of band | 333 km (207 mi) |
Times (UTC) | |
(P1) Partial begin | 4:05:28 |
(U1) Total begin | 5:13:55 |
Greatest eclipse | 7:07:39 |
(U4) Total end | 8:59:04 |
(P4) Partial end | 10:07:35 |
References | |
Saros | 141 (23 of 70) |
Catalog # (SE5000) | 9529 |
An annular solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of the orbit on Friday, January 15, 2010, with a magnitude of 0.91903. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. It was the longest annular solar eclipse of the millennium, [1] and the longest until December 23, 3043, with the length of maximum eclipse of 11 minutes, 7.8 seconds, and the longest duration of 11 minutes, 10.7 seconds. [2] This is about 4 minutes longer than total solar eclipses could ever get. (The solar eclipse of January 4, 1992, was longer, at 11 minutes, 40.9 seconds, occurring in the middle of the Pacific Ocean.) [3]
The eclipse was visible as only a partial eclipse in much of Africa, Eastern Europe, the Middle East and Asia. It was seen as an annular eclipse within a narrow stretch of 300 km (190 mi) width across Central Africa, Maldives, South Kerala (India), South Tamil Nadu (India), Sri Lanka and parts of Bangladesh, Burma and China.
The exact time of the greatest eclipse took place on Friday, January 15, 2010, at 07:06:33.2 a.m. UTC, but occurring only 1.8 days before apogee (Apogee on Sunday, January 17, 2010, at 01:40 a.m. UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was 6.3% smaller than average, and the Moon's distance from the Earth was 405,391 km (251,898 mi).
Eclipse Magnitude: 0.91903
Eclipse Obscuration: 0.84462
Gamma: 0.40016
Saros Series: 141st (23 of 70)
Sun Right Ascension: 19.8
Moon Right Ascension: 19.79
Sun Declination: -21.1
Moon Declination: -20.8
Sun Diameter: 1951.0 arcseconds
Moon Diameter: 1768.6 arcseconds
Radius of the Penumbral Shadow: 7,322.7 km (4,550.1 mi)
Radius of the Antumbral Shadow: 361.7 km (224.8 mi)
Path Width: 333.1 km (207 mi)
Greatest Eclipse: 2010 January 15 at 07:06:33.2 UTC
Apogee at 2010 January 17 at 01:41 UTC (406,433 km (252,546 mi))
Event | UTC time |
First Penumbral External Contact | 2010 Jan 15 at 04:05:27.6 UTC |
First Umbral External Contact | 2010 Jan 15 at 05:13:55.0 UTC |
First Central Line | 2010 Jan 15 at 05:17:34.8 UTC |
First Umbral Internal Contact | 2010 Jan 15 at 05:21:15.9 UTC |
First Penumbral Internal Contact | 2010 Jan 15 at 06:50:06.9 UTC |
Greatest Eclipse | 2010 Jan 15 at 07:06:33.2 UTC |
Last Penumbral Internal Contact | 2010 Jan 15 at 07:22:37.8 UTC |
Last Umbral Internal Contact | 2010 Jan 15 at 08:51:40.5 UTC |
Last Central Line | 2010 Jan 15 at 08:55:22.8 UTC |
Last Umbral External Contact | 2010 Jan 15 at 08:59:03.9 UTC |
Last Penumbral External Contact | 2010 Jan 15 at 10:07:35.3 UTC |
The eclipse started in the Central African Republic near the border with Chad, traversed DR Congo, Uganda, Kenya, passed through the northern tip of Tanzania, southwestern Somalia and three islands of Seychelles (Bird, Denis and Aride), before it entered the Indian Ocean, where it reached its greatest visibility. It then passed through Maldives. The annular eclipse at Malé, the capital city of the country, started at 12:20:17 and ended at 12:31:02 local time (UTC+5), lasting for 10 minutes and 45 seconds (645 seconds). This was also the longest duration of any eclipse with an international airport in its track. [4]
At approximately 13:20 IST, the annular solar eclipse entered India at Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum), the capital of Kerala and exited India at Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu.
The eclipse was viewable for 10 minutes in India. After Rameswaram, it entered Sri Lanka at Delft Island, exited at Jaffna in Sri Lanka, crossed the Bay of Bengal and re-entered India in Mizoram.
Thiruvananthapuram, which was the entry point of the eclipse in India, was equipped with telescopes and announced facilities for the public to view the eclipse. [5] Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, situated in Trivandrum, analysed the atmospheric-ionospheric parameters during the eclipse. [6] Many scientists camped in the city to witness and study the eclipse. [7]
At Rameswaram, the sunrise was not visible due to thick clouds, but it started getting clear at around 9 am local time and became almost totally clear by the time the eclipse began. The sky had a thin layer of cirrus clouds till 2:30 pm. Among the eclipse-watchers was Sky Watchers' Association of North Bengal (SWAN) from Siliguri at the foothills of West Bengal and Tamil Nadu Astronomical Association.
Dhanushkodi, which falls on the central line of the eclipse, was a good place to view the eclipse. The northernmost limit of shadow in India was Cuddalore, Neyveli, Erode, Kodaikanal, and Madurai. Other prime viewing locations in Tamil Nadu include Thoothukudi and Cape Comorin, 22 km north of the center line. The exact location of the line is between the NH end and the Dhanushkodi ruins. Dhanushkodi is about 2 km east of the central line. The degree difference is about 0.2 between the central line – with Kodandaramar Temple and Dhanushkodi ruins vice versa. Dhanushkodi is about 5 km from the Kodandaramar Temple.
After South Asia, the antumbra passed through the southern tip of Bangladesh, Myanmar and China before leaving the Earth.
This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit. [8]
Ascending node | Descending node | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Saros | Map | Gamma | Saros | Map | Gamma | |
121 Partial from Christchurch, NZ | 2008 February 07 Annular | -0.95701 | 126 Novosibirsk, Russia | 2008 August 01 Total | 0.83070 | |
131 Partial from Riversdal | 2009 January 26 Annular | -0.28197 | 136 Kurigram, Bangladesh | 2009 July 22 Total | 0.06977 | |
141 Bangui, Central African Republic | 2010 January 15 Annular | 0.40016 | 146 Hao, French Polynesia | 2010 July 11 Total | -0.67877 | |
151 Partial from Vienna, Austria | 2011 January 04 Partial (north) | 1.06265 | 156 | 2011 July 01 Partial (south) | -1.49171 |
Partial solar eclipses on June 1, 2011, and November 25, 2011, occur on the next lunar year eclipse set.
Solar saros 141, repeating every about 18 years, 11 days, and 8 hours, contains 70 events. The series started with partial solar eclipse on May 19, 1613. It contains 41 annular eclipses from August 4, 1739, to October 14, 2460. There are no total eclipses in this series. The series ends at member 70 as a partial eclipse on June 13, 2857. The longest annular eclipse occurred on December 14, 1955, with maximum duration of annularity at 12 minutes and 9 seconds. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node. [9]
Series members 17–36 occur between 1901 and 2259 | ||
---|---|---|
17 | 18 | 19 |
November 11, 1901 | November 22, 1919 | December 2, 1937 |
20 | 21 | 22 |
December 14, 1955 | December 24, 1973 | January 4, 1992 |
23 | 24 | 25 |
January 15, 2010 | January 26, 2028 | February 5, 2046 |
26 | 27 | 28 |
February 17, 2064 | February 27, 2082 | March 10, 2100 |
29 | 30 | 31 |
March 22, 2118 | April 1, 2136 | April 12, 2154 |
32 | 33 | 34 |
April 23, 2172 | May 4, 2190 | May 15, 2208 |
35 | 36 | |
May 27, 2226 | June 6, 2244 |
The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.
21 eclipse events, progressing from south to north between June 10, 1964, and August 21, 2036 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
June 10–11 | March 27–29 | January 15–16 | November 3 | August 21–22 |
117 | 119 | 121 | 123 | 125 |
June 10, 1964 | March 28, 1968 | January 16, 1972 | November 3, 1975 | August 22, 1979 |
127 | 129 | 131 | 133 | 135 |
June 11, 1983 | March 29, 1987 | January 15, 1991 | November 3, 1994 | August 22, 1998 |
137 | 139 | 141 | 143 | 145 |
June 10, 2002 | March 29, 2006 | January 15, 2010 | November 3, 2013 | August 21, 2017 |
147 | 149 | 151 | 153 | 155 |
June 10, 2021 | March 29, 2025 | January 14, 2029 | November 3, 2032 | August 21, 2036 |
A total solar eclipse occurred on March 29, 2006. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. It was visible from a narrow corridor which traversed half the Earth. The magnitude, that is, the ratio between the apparent sizes of the Moon and that of the Sun, was 1.052, and it was part of Saros 139.
A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of the orbit on Wednesday, July 22, 2009, with a magnitude of 1.07991. It was the longest total solar eclipse during the 21st century, the longest total solar eclipse during the 3rd millennium will be on 16 July 2186. It lasted a maximum of 6 minutes and 38.86 seconds off the coast of Southeast Asia, causing tourist interest in eastern China, Pakistan, Japan, India, Nepal and Bangladesh. Its greatest magnitude was 1.07991, occurring only 6 hours, 18 minutes after perigee, with greatest eclipse totality lasting 6 minutes, 38.86 seconds during the Total Solar Eclipse of July 22, 2009.
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An annular solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of the orbit on October 3, 2005, with a magnitude of 0.95759. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. It was visible from a narrow corridor through the Iberian peninsula and Africa and Brazil. A partial eclipse was seen from the much broader path of the Moon's penumbra, including all of Europe, Africa and southwestern Asia. The Sun was 95.759% covered in a moderate annular eclipse, lasting 4 minutes and 32 seconds and covering a broad path up to 162 km wide. The next solar eclipse in Africa occurred just 6 months later.
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