1945 Pacific typhoon season

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1945 Pacific typhoon season
1945 Pacific typhoon season summary.png
Season summary map
Seasonal boundaries
First system formedApril 19, 1945
Last system dissipatedDecember 2, 1945
Strongest storm
Name Ida
  Maximum winds130 km/h (80 mph)
(1-minute sustained)
  Lowest pressure917 hPa (mbar)
Seasonal statistics
Total storms26
Typhoons13
Super typhoons0 (unofficial)
Total fatalities>3,798
Total damageUnknown
Related articles
Pacific typhoon seasons
1943, 1944, 1945, 1946, 1947

The 1945 Pacific typhoon season was the first official season to be included in the West Pacific typhoon database. It was also the first season to name storms. It has no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1945, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.

Contents

The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator and west of the international date line. Storms that form east of the date line and north of the equator are called hurricanes; see 1945 Pacific hurricane season. Predecessor agency to the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC), Fleet Weather Center/Typhoon Tracking Center was established on the island of Guam in June 1945, after multiple typhoons, including Typhoon Cobra in the previous season and Typhoon Connie in this season, had caused a significant loss of men and ships. [1] [2] It would not take major responsibility in the West Pacific basin until 1950 season. [1] Instead, storms in this season are identified and named by the United States Armed Services, and these names are taken from the list that USAS publicly adopted before this season had started earlier this year. [3] [4] Since this is the first season to be included in the West Pacific typhoon database, this would also be the first season where the names of Western Pacific tropical cyclones are preserved publicly.

Systems

Tropical Storm Ann

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Temporary cyclone north.svg   Ann 1945 track.png
DurationApril 19 – April 26
Peak intensity95 km/h (60 mph) (1-min);
995  hPa  (mbar)

The first named storm of the season, Tropical Storm Ann formed on April 19 at relatively low latitude of 9.5°N. Ann generally tracked westward and later reached its peak intensity on April 21, before weakening to a tropical depression on April 23. The storm began to curve north the next day, and overall did not affect any landmasses and dissipated on April 26. [5]

Tropical Storm Betty

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Temporary cyclone north.svg   Betty 1945 track.png
DurationMay 13 – May 16
Peak intensity100 km/h (65 mph) (1-min);
994  hPa  (mbar)

The second named storm of the season, Tropical Storm Betty formed on May 13, 1945, and began to move in a northeastern direction. It strengthened into a tropical storm only 18 hours later and continued on its path. However, the storm eventually moved further north, and into colder waters. Betty weakened into a tropical depression and dissipated on May 16, having not threatened land at all.

Typhoon Connie

Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS)
Typhoon Connie analysis 3 Jun 1945.png   Connie 1945 track.png
DurationJune 1 – June 7
Peak intensity130 km/h (80 mph) (1-min);
980  hPa  (mbar)
Radar image of typhoon Connie on June 5 by USS Shangri-La (CV-38) USS SHANGRI-LA - Rep of air opers against Kyushu, Japan & the Ryukyu Islands, 5-28-45-6-10-45 - DPLA - aa6fb89f128c233a548230309727a07f (page 18).jpg
Radar image of typhoon Connie on June 5 by USS Shangri-La (CV-38)

A small yet powerful typhoon, Connie was first spotted on June 1 by the Fleet Weather Center on Guam, moving northeast. Winds were reported to have been as high as 140 mph. But by June 7, it began to weaken. Its final fate is unknown.

The U.S. Navy's Third Fleet was hit by Connie, and reporting about the storm frequently refers to it as Typhoon Viper. The same fleet had previously been hit, with great loss of life, by Cobra the previous year. Connie being lesser, only one officer and five seamen were lost or killed because of Connie, and around 150 airplanes on its carriers were either lost or damaged.

Tropical Storm Doris

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Tropical Storm Doris analysis 19 Jun 1945.png   Doris 1945 track.png
DurationJune 18 – June 21
Peak intensity85 km/h (50 mph) (1-min);
997  hPa  (mbar)

Tropical Storm Doris existed from June 18 to 21 and did not make landfall.

Tropical Storm Nancy

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Tropical Storm Nancy analysis 7 Jul 1945.png   Nancy 1945 track.png
DurationJuly 3 – July 8
Peak intensity95 km/h (60 mph) (1-min);
992  hPa  (mbar)

Tropical Storm Nancy formed on July 3 to the east of Vietnam. It started to move in a northeast direction before shifting its course to the northwest until it eventually made landfall near Hong Kong as a tropical storm. It rapidly weakened over land and dissipated on June 8. The damage is unknown.

Typhoon Opal

Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS)
Typhoon Opal analysis 20 Jul 1945.png   Opal 1945 track.png
DurationJuly 14 – July 22
Peak intensity120 km/h (75 mph) (1-min);
986  hPa  (mbar)

Tropical Storm Peggy

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Tropical Storm Peggy analysis 23 Jul 1945.png   Peggy 1945 track.png
DurationJuly 22 – July 23
Peak intensity65 km/h (40 mph) (1-min);
998  hPa  (mbar)

Tropical Storm Edna

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Tropical Storm Edna's Weather map on July 27, 1945.png   Edna 1945 track.png
DurationJuly 27 – July 29
Peak intensity75 km/h (45 mph) (1-min);
995  hPa  (mbar)

Typhoon Eva

Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS)
Typhoon Eva's Weather map on July 31, 1945.png   Eva 1945 track.png
DurationJuly 30 – August 4
Peak intensity150 km/h (90 mph) (1-min);
978  hPa  (mbar)

Typhoon Queenie

Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS)
Typhoon Queenie's Weather map on August 06, 1945.png   Queenie 1945 track.png
DurationAugust 5 – August 9
Peak intensity150 km/h (90 mph) (1-min);
978  hPa  (mbar)

Tropical Storm Frances

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Tropical Storm Frances' Weather map on August 9, 1945.png   Frances 1945 track.png
DurationAugust 9 – August 13
Peak intensity95 km/h (60 mph) (1-min);
992  hPa  (mbar)

Tropical Storm Grace

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Tropical Storm Grace's Weather map on August 22, 1945.png   Grace 1945 track.png
DurationAugust 15 – August 22
Peak intensity110 km/h (70 mph) (1-min);
985  hPa  (mbar)

Typhoon Ruth

Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS)
Typhoon Ruth's Weather map on August 26, 1945.png   Ruth 1945 track.png
DurationAugust 22 – August 28
Peak intensity130 km/h (80 mph) (1-min);
978  hPa  (mbar)

Typhoon Susan

Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS)
Susan 1945 track.png  
DurationAugust 23 – August 28
Peak intensity150 km/h (90 mph) (1-min);
968  hPa  (mbar)

Typhoon Tess

Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS)
Tess 1945 track.png  
DurationAugust 23 – August 25
Peak intensity130 km/h (80 mph) (1-min);
980  hPa  (mbar)

Typhoon Helen

Category 3 typhoon (SSHWS)
Helen 1945 track.png  
DurationAugust 29 – September 4
Peak intensity195 km/h (120 mph) (1-min);
965  hPa  (mbar)

Typhoon Helen formed on August 29. It moved west-northwest and strengthened into a category 3 typhoon with 120 mph winds. It weakened slightly to a category two and struck Taiwan. It briefly was over waters before it hit Mainland China as a tropical storm. It rapidly weakened and dissipated on September 4.

Typhoon Ursula

Category 2 typhoon (SSHWS)
Ursula 1945 track.png  
DurationSeptember 7 – September 15
Peak intensity165 km/h (105 mph) (1-min);
968  hPa  (mbar)

This typhoon is especially remembered for the 6 aircraft containing liberated prisoners of war brought down by the typhoon between Okinawa and Manila. Over 120 servicemen lost their lives. At the time, it was the single greatest loss of life in an aviation disaster during peacetime. [6]

Typhoon Ida

Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS)
17,September,1945 Typhoon weather map.png   Ida 1945 track.png
DurationSeptember 10 – September 20
Peak intensity130 km/h (80 mph) (1-min);
917  hPa  (mbar)

In Japan, Typhoon Ida is called Makurazaki Typhoon. It was the strongest typhoon to hit Kyushu on record, with a minimum sea-level pressure of 916.1 hPa (27.05 inHg) observed on the land and a maximum wind gust of 62.7 metres per second (140 mph), which was recorded at a weather station in Makurazaki. [7] More than 2,000 people were killed in the Hiroshima Prefecture after heavy rains brought by a weakening Ida caused severe landslides. [8]

Tropical Storm Verna

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Verna 1945 track.png  
DurationSeptember 20 – September 22
Peak intensity95 km/h (60 mph) (1-min);
988  hPa  (mbar)

Tropical Storm Wanda

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Wanda 1945 track.png  
DurationSeptember 21 – September 24
Peak intensity75 km/h (45 mph) (1-min);
998  hPa  (mbar)

Typhoon Jean

Category 2 typhoon (SSHWS)
Jean 1945 track.png  
DurationSeptember 25 – October 2
Peak intensity165 km/h (105 mph) (1-min);
963  hPa  (mbar)

Tropical Storm Kate

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Kate 1945 track.png  
DurationSeptember 28 – October 6
Peak intensity110 km/h (70 mph) (1-min);
980  hPa  (mbar)

Typhoon Louise

Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS)
Typhoon Louise's Weather map on October 9, 1945.jpg   Louise 1945 track.png
DurationOctober 2 – October 12
Peak intensity150 km/h (90 mph) (1-min);
969  hPa  (mbar)

Louise was first seen developing on October 2, 1945, in the Caroline Islands. It unexpectedly veered north and slowed down, only to intensify as it passed over Okinawa on October 9 with 90 mph wind gusts and a minimum central pressure of 968.5 mbar. Shortly after, Louise began to weaken, and hit Japan as a strong tropical storm. The tropical cyclone became extratropical shortly after on October 12. In Okinawa, 36 people died, 47 people were reported missing, and 100 people were seriously injured.

In Buckner Bay, where the US military were occupying a temporary base, 30 ft (9.1 m) to 35 ft (11 m) waves were reported to have crashed ashore, tearing into Quonset huts and other buildings. At the time, Buckner Bay was being used as a port by the US military. Fifteen merchant ships were driven ashore, with a few wrecked. Three US Navy destroyers were grounded and declared beyond salvage. Over 200 other US military vessels, including six LSTs, a number of special purpose boats, patrol boats, and amphibious landing craft were grounded, severely damaged, or wrecked beyond repair. Eighty percent of the buildings in the bay were completely wiped out, while all 60 airplanes at the local airports were damaged. [9]

Tropical Storm Marge

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Marge 1945 track.png  
DurationNovember 1 – November 4
Peak intensity85 km/h (50 mph) (1-min);
996  hPa  (mbar)

A tropical storm was tracked on November 1 to the northwest of the Marianas. It moved to the west, before making landfall on Tayabas (now Quezon) in the Philippines. It was last noted on November 4 over Aurora. The damage is unknown.

Tropical Storm Yvonne

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Yvonne 1945 track.png  
DurationNovember 14 – November 17
Peak intensity75 km/h (45 mph) (1-min);
999  hPa  (mbar)

Typhoon Nora

Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS)
Nora 1945 track.png  
DurationNovember 22 – December 2
Peak intensity150 km/h (90 mph) (1-min);
971  hPa  (mbar)

Typhoon Nora formed on November 22, 1945, and began to move towards the Philippines. It became a typhoon and a category 1 equivalent storm on the SSHWS scale. The slow-moving storm moved towards the Philippines, but it turned northeast at the last moment, moving over colder waters and dissipating.

Storm names

  • Ann
  • Betty
  • Connie
  • Doris
  • Nancy
  • Opal
  • Peggy
  • Edna
  • Eva
  • Queenie
  • Frances
  • Grace
  • Ruth
  • Susan
  • Tess
  • Helen
  • Ursula
  • Ida
  • Verna
  • Wanda
  • Jean
  • Kate
  • Louise
  • Marge
  • Yvonne
  • Nora

See also

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References

  1. 1 2 Joint Typhoon Warning Center 50th Anniversary May 1959 – May 2009. April 29, 2009. Archived from the original on July 17, 2016. Retrieved November 14, 2014.
  2. Anstett, Richard (April 30, 1998). "World War II Era". History of the Joint Typhoon Warning Center up to 1998. Archived from the original on February 24, 2012. Retrieved November 14, 2014.
  3. Landsea, Christopher W; Dorst, Neal M (June 1, 2014). "Subject: Tropical Cyclone Names: B1) How are tropical cyclones named?". Tropical Cyclone Frequently Asked Question. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Hurricane Research Division. Archived from the original on March 29, 2015.
  4. Cry, George (July 1958). Bristow, Gerald C (ed.). "Naming hurricanes and typhoons". Mariners Weather Log. 2 (4): 109. hdl:2027/uc1.b3876059. ISSN   0025-3367. OCLC   648466886.
  5. "1945 Severe Tropical Storm ANN (1945110N09160)". IBTrACS - International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Asheville, North Carolina: North Carolina Institute for Climate Studies. Retrieved May 16, 2023.
  6. "70th Anniversary of Typhoon Ursula". September 9, 2015.
  7. Weather Records of Makurazaki Japan Meteorological Agency
  8. Makurazaki typhoon Hiroshima disaster prevention Web Archived July 14, 2017, at the Wayback Machine Hiroshima Prefectural Government
  9. US Navy Historical Center. Pacific Typhoon at Okinawa, October 1945.

Bibliography