1947 Burmese general election

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1947 Burmese general election
British Burma 1937 flag.svg
  1936 9 April 1947 1951–52  

210 seats in the Constituent Assembly
106 seats needed for a majority
Turnout49.8%
 First partySecond partyThird party
  Aung San color portrait.jpg Mahn Win Maung.jpg ThaKhin Than Htun.jpg
Leader Aung San Win Maung Thakin Than Tun
Party AFPFL KYO CPB
Seats won173197
Popular vote1,755,000109,000126,000

Premier before election

Aung San
AFPFL

Prime Minister-elect

U Nu
AFPFL

General elections were held in Burma on 9 April 1947 to form the basis of a constituent assembly that would design a constitution once independence from the United Kingdom had been achieved. [1] They were the first elections in Burma since its separation from India under the British Raj. [2] Voter turnout was 49.8%. [3] However, Aung San was assassinated three months later, resulting in U Nu becoming the first Prime Minister of Burma.

Contents

Background

The elections were among a number of provisions agreed on 27 January 1947 between Burmese nationalist Aung San on a visit to London and British Prime Minister Clement Attlee guaranteeing Burma's independence from the UK within a year. [4]

Campaign

In 56 non-communal constituencies, candidates from the Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League (AFPFL) ran unopposed. U Saw, leader of the Patriot's Party, accused the AFPFL of intimidation and corruption during the election campaign and boycotted the election, as did Ba Hein and his party, accusing the AFPFL of being a "stooges" of British imperialism. [5] [6] Reasons given for the low turnout included the instability left by the Japanese occupation of Burma and the struggle for independence. [1] Other candidates in the election included a few independents and communists. [7] The election was certified as free and fair. [2] On the other hand, the nationalists Ba Maw and U Saw and the radical marxist Thakin Ba Hein formed an alliance to boycott the elections. [8]

Results

Turnout was generally low, around 50% in contested constituencies. [1]

Burmese Constituent Assembly 1947.svg
PartyVotes%Seats
Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League 1,755,000173
Communist Party of Burma 126,0007
Karen Youth Organisation 109,00019
Independent Karen5
Anglo-Burmese 4
Independents2
Total210
Registered voters/turnout49.8
Source: Nohlen et al.

Aftermath

On 19 July 1947 Aung San was assassinated along with six other members of the party, after which the leadership of the AFPFL was taken over by U Nu. [9] Several major radical opposition figures such as Ba Maw, Thakin Ba Hein, Bo Yan Naing and others were arrested for their ties to Aung's assassin. Although most of them were released after a short time as no evidence was found of their involvement, U Saw was hanged. [8] A constitution was approved on 24 September 1947 and independence granted on 4 January 1948. [2]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 Rotberg, Robert I. (1998). Burma: prospects for a democratic future (2nd ed.). Brookings Institution Press. p.  42. ISBN   978-0-8157-7582-9.
  2. 1 2 3 Saffin, Janelle (2000). "Burma's Election and Constitutional History: A Snapshot". Legal Issues on Burma Journal. 7. Burma Lawyers' Council. Archived from the original on 27 August 2015. Retrieved 10 March 2010.
  3. Dieter Nohlen, Florian Grotz & Christof Hartmann (2001) Elections in Asia: A data handbook, Volume I, p610 ISBN   0-19-924958-X
  4. Oṅ, Chan; Silverstein, Josef (1993). The political legacy of Aung San. SEAP Publications. p. 4. ISBN   978-0-87727-128-4.
  5. A.A.P. (9 April 1947). "Burmese go to the polls, boycotts by most parties". The Sydney Morning Herald .
  6. Appleton, G. (1947). "Burma Two Years After Liberation". International Affairs. 23 (4). Blackwell Publishing: 510–521. doi:10.2307/3016561. JSTOR   3016561.
  7. Hendershot, Clarence (1947). "Burma Compromise". Far Eastern Survey. 16 (12). Institute of Pacific Relations: 133–138. doi:10.2307/3022480. JSTOR   3022480.
  8. 1 2 Ba, Maw (1968). Breakthrough in Burma Memoirs of a Revolution, 1939-1946. p. 434.
  9. Morse, Erik A.; Mitchell, Ronald K. (2006). Cases in entrepreneurship: the venture creation process. SAGE. p. 61. ISBN   978-1-4129-0976-1.