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This article presents the historical development and role of political parties in Ukrainian politics, and outlines more extensively the significant modern political parties since Ukraine gained independence in 1991.
The Socialist Party of Ukraine was a social democratic and democratic socialist political party in Ukraine. It was one of the oldest parties and was created by the former members of the Soviet-era Communist Party of Ukraine in late 1991 when the Communist Party was banned. It was represented in the Verkhovna Rada from 1994 to 2007 and was the third or fourth largest party in the Rada over the 13 years. From 2007 onwards the election results of the party became extremely marginal. Oleksandr Moroz led the party for more than twenty years. The party was suspended in the wake of the February 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine and it was officially banned by a court decision on 15 June 2022. The slogan of the party was "Socialism will be imbued with patriotism".
The People's Movement of Ukraine is a Ukrainian political party and first opposition party in Soviet Ukraine. Often it is simply referred to as the Movement. The party under the name Rukh was an observer member of the European People's Party (EPP) until 2013. It is considered to have played a key role in Ukraine regaining its independence in 1991.
The Democratic Bloc was a political alliance and an electoral bloc in Ukraine founded during the election campaign to participate in the parliamentary election held in March 1990.
The Ukrainian National Assembly – Ukrainian People's Self-Defence is a Ukrainian nationalist organisation. It was composed by a political wing and a paramilitary wing.
Presidential elections were held in Ukraine on 31 October 1999, with a second round on 14 November. The result was a victory for Leonid Kuchma, who defeated Petro Symonenko in the run-off.
The Act of Declaration of Independence of Ukraine was adopted by the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR on 24 August 1991. The Act reestablished Ukraine's state independence.
Russians are the largest ethnic minority in Ukraine. This community forms the largest single Russian community outside of Russia in the world. In the 2001 Ukrainian census, 8,334,100 identified as ethnic Russians ; this is the combined figure for persons originating from outside of Ukraine and the Ukrainian-born population declaring Russian ethnicity.
Ukrainian nationalism refers to the promotion of the unity of Ukrainians as a people and the promotion of the identity of Ukraine as a nation state. The origins of modern Ukrainian nationalism emerge during the 17th-century Cossack uprising against the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth led by Bohdan Khmelnytsky. Ukrainian nationalism draws upon a single national identity of culture, ethnicity, geographic location, language, politics, religion, traditions and belief in a shared singular history, that dates back to the 9th century.
The All-Ukrainian Union "Freedom", commonly known as Svoboda, is an ultranationalist political party in Ukraine. It has been led by Oleh Tyahnybok since 2004.
Supreme Soviet elections were held in the Ukrainian SSR on 4 March 1990, with runoffs in some seats held between 10 and 18 March. The elections were held to elect deputies to the republic's parliament, the Verkhovna Rada. Simultaneously, elections of oblast councils also took place in their respective administrative divisions.
On the basis of a secret clause of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, the Soviet Union invaded Poland on September 17, 1939, capturing the eastern provinces of the Second Polish Republic. Lwów, the capital of the Lwów Voivodeship and the principal city and cultural center of the region of Galicia, was captured and occupied by September 22, 1939 along with other provincial capitals including Tarnopol, Brześć, Stanisławów, Łuck, and Wilno to the north. The eastern provinces of interwar Poland were inhabited by an ethnically mixed population, with ethnic Poles as well as Polish Jews dominant in the cities. These lands now form the backbone of modern Western Ukraine and West Belarus.
Dmytro Volodymyrovych Tabachnyk is a pro-Russian Ukrainian politician, and former science and education minister of Ukraine. Tabachnyk is among former Ukrainian officials who have had their assets frozen by EU and is wanted in Ukraine for embezzlement and abuse of office. As a fugitive, he is believed to be in Israel and Crimea.
The Social-National Party of Ukraine (SNPU) was a far-right party in Ukraine that would later become Svoboda. The party combined radical nationalism, neo-fascist and anti-communist positions.
The Communist Party of the Russian Federation is a left-wing nationalist and communist political party in Russia that officially adheres to Marxist–Leninist philosophy. It is the second-largest political party in Russia after United Russia. The youth organisation of the party is the Leninist Young Communist League.
The dissolution of the Soviet Union was the process of internal disintegration within the Soviet Union (USSR) which resulted in the end of the country's and its federal government's existence as a sovereign state, thereby resulting in its constituent republics gaining full independence on 26 December 1991. It brought an end to General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev's effort to reform the Soviet political and economic system in an attempt to stop a period of political stalemate and economic backslide. The Soviet Union had experienced internal stagnation and ethnic separatism. Although highly centralized until its final years, the country was made up of 15 top-level republics that served as homelands for different ethnicities. By late 1991, amid a catastrophic political crisis, with several republics already departing the Union and the waning of centralized power, the leaders of three of its founding members declared that the Soviet Union no longer existed. Eight more republics joined their declaration shortly thereafter. Gorbachev resigned in December 1991 and what was left of the Soviet parliament voted to end itself.
The Union "Self Reliance" is a liberal conservative and Christian democratic political party in Ukraine.
The Revolution on Granite was a student-led protest campaign that took place primarily in Kyiv and Western Ukraine in October 1990. Ukraine was then the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, part of the Soviet Union until its declaration of independence from the Soviet Union on 24 August 1991. The protest was held from 2 October until 17 October 1990. One of the students' demands was the resignation of the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Ukrainian SSR Vitaliy Masol. On the last day of the protests, Masol was forced to resign and was replaced by Vitold Fokin.
The Ukrainian Galician Party or UGP is a Christian democratic political party active in the western Ukrainian region of Galicia, which consists of Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk, and Ternopil oblasts. It was registered in the aftermath of the Revolution of Dignity in 2014 to pursue the implementation of Euromaidan's original goals, and became politically active in 2015.
References
- 1 2 3 Public Opinion And Regime Change: The New Politics Of Post-soviet Societies by Arthur H. Miller and William M. Reisinger, Routledge, 2020, ISBN 0367284723, page
- ↑ Dawson J. I. Eco-Nationalism: Anti-Nuclear Activism and National Identity in Russia, Lithuania, and Ukraine. - Duke University Press Books, 1996. - page 92 - ISBN 0822318318
- 1 2 Politics and society in Ukraine by Paul D'Anieri, Robert Kravchuk and Taras Kuzio, Westview Press, 1999, ISBN 0813335388
- ↑ "Результати виборів до Верховної Ради і місцевих рад 1990 р" [Results of the elections to the Verkhovna Rada and local councils in 1990]. History Твоя бібліотека (Your library) (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on June 24, 2021. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
- ↑ Subtelny, Orest (2000). Ukraine: A History . University of Toronto Press. p. 577. ISBN 0-8020-8390-0.
- ↑ Roman Solchanyk (2001). Ukraine and Russia: The Post-Soviet Transition. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 187. ISBN 978-0-7425-1018-0.
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