1994 Ukrainian parliamentary election

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1994 Ukrainian parliamentary election
Flag of Ukraine.svg
←  1990 27 March 1994 (1994-03-27) (first round)
2–10 April 1994 (second round)
 1998  →
All 450 seats to the Verkhovna Rada
226 seats needed for a majority
Turnout75.81% (Decrease2.svg 8.88 pp)
 First partySecond partyThird party
  NDU 2 Simonenko Petro Mikolaiovich.jpg NDU 2 Chornovil Viacheslav Maksimovich.jpg NDU 2 Dovgan' Sergii Vasil'ovich.jpg
Leader Petro Symonenko Viacheslav Chornovil Serhii Dovhan  [ uk ]
Party KPU Rukh SelPU
Leader since19 June 19934 December 199225 January 1992
Leader's seat Krasnoarmiisk Podilskyi Velyka Oleksandrivka
Seats won862019
Popular vote3,683,3321,491,164794,614
Percentage 13.57%5.49%2.93%
 Fourth partyFifth partySixth party
  NDU 2 Moroz Oleksandr Oleksandrovich.jpg NDU 2 Luk'ianenko Levko Grigorovich.jpg NDU 3 Stets'ko Iaroslava Iosipivna.jpg
Leader Oleksandr Moroz Levko Lukianenko Slava Stetsko
Party SPU URP KUN
Leader since26 October 199129 April 199018 October 1992
Leader's seat Tarashcha Novovolynsk Nadvirna
Seats won1485
Popular vote895,830728,614361,352
Percentage3.30%2.68%1.33%
 Seventh partyEighth partyNinth party
  NDU 3 Filenko Volodimir Pilipovich.jpg NDU 2 Azarov Mikola Ianovich.jpg NDU 2 Iavorivs'kii Volodimir Oleksandrovich.jpg
Leader Volodymyr Filenko  [ uk ] Mykola Azarov Volodymyr Yavorivsky
Party PDVU PP DPU
Leader since1 December 1990September 199312 December 1992
Leader's seat Zhovtnevyi (lost) Petrovskyi Svitlovodsk
Seats won442
Popular vote239,763114,409312,842
Percentage0.88%0.42%1.15%
Vibori do VR Ukrayini 1994 po oblastiakh.png
Results by region
Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada before election

Ivan Plyushch
Independent

Elected Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada

Oleksandr Moroz
SPU

Parliamentary elections were held in Ukraine on 27 March 1994, with a second round between 2 and 10 April. [1] These were the first parliamentary elections in Ukraine as an independent state. [2] A total of 15 political parties won seats, although a majority of deputies were independents. [3] However, 112 seats were remained unfilled, and a succession of by-elections were required in July, August, November and December 1994 and more in December 1995 and April 1996. [1] Three hundred (300) seats or two thirds (2/3) of the parliament were required to be filled for the next convocation.

Contents

In what were the first elections held after Ukraine broke away from the Soviet Union, the Communist Party of Ukraine emerged as the largest party in the Verkhovna Rada, winning 86 of the 338 seats decided in the first two rounds. [4] This election was the result of a compromise between the President and the Verkhovna Rada, which was reached on 24 September 1993 because of a political crisis caused by mass protests and strikes particularly from students and miners. On that day, the Rada adopted a decree to organize parliamentary elections ahead of schedule, and ahead of scheduled presidential elections in June.

Electoral system (50% rule)

As in the previous this election took place according to the majoritarian electoral system in 450 electoral districts containing several precincts. [5] Each region was assigned a proportion of districts depending on its population. Hence the most mandates were received by the more populated eastern regions of Ukraine, particularly the regions of Donets basin such as Donetsk Oblast and Dnipropetrovsk Oblast.

In order to be elected a candidate needed to obtain more than 50% of votes and in order for the election to be valid more than 50% of registered voters needed to vote. [3] If no candidate obtained more than 50% in the first round, the top two candidates were listed on the ballot in the second round. [3] In the second round the 50% rule was applied as well. [3] Reelections were called if the 50% votes in the second round was not met. [3]

Because of those conditions several districts in the Verkhovna Rada were left not represented for a whole convocation. [3] Particularly acute that problem was in the city of Kyiv that was assigned 23 mandates, while in the parliament only 10 representatives for Kyiv participated in the second convocation - less than a half. Kyiv became the most under represented region.

Results

Ukraine Verkhovna Rada 1994.svg
PartyVotes%Seats
Communist Party of Ukraine 3,683,33213.5786
People's Movement of Ukraine 1,491,1645.4920
Socialist Party of Ukraine 895,8303.3014
Peasant Party of Ukraine 794,6142.9319
Ukrainian Republican Party 728,6142.688
Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists 361,3521.335
Democratic Party of Ukraine 312,8421.152
Party of Democratic Revival of Ukraine 239,7630.884
Liberal Party of Ukraine 173,5030.640
Ukrainian National Assembly 148,2390.551
Party of Labor 114,4090.424
Social Democratic Party of Ukraine 104,2040.382
Christian Democratic Party of Ukraine 100,0070.371
Ukrainian Conservative Republican Party 99,0280.362
Toiling Congress of Ukraine 83,7020.310
Civil Congress of Ukraine 72,4730.272
Party of Greens of Ukraine 71,9460.270
Social-National Party of Ukraine 49,4830.180
Ukrainian Party of Justice 40,4140.150
State Independence of Ukraine 24,7220.090
Party of Economic Revival 20,8290.080
Party of Slavic Unity of Ukraine18,8070.070
Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists 16,7660.060
Ukrainian Party of Solidarity and Social Justice12,8470.050
Constitutional Democratic Party of Ukraine 12,7110.050
Ukrainian Peasant Democratic Party 11,8270.040
Liberal Democratic Party of Ukraine 8,5760.030
Ukrainian National Conservative Party  [ uk ]6,6680.020
Ukrainian Christian Democratic Party 5,9170.020
Ukrainian Beer Lovers Party 1,8060.010
Party of Free Peasants of Ukraine 1,1690.000
Party of National Salvation of Ukraine5150.000
Other parties28,1660.100
Independents14,894,26954.87168
Against all2,512,1189.26–
Vacant112
Total27,142,632100.00450
Valid votes27,142,63293.71
Invalid/blank votes1,821,3506.29
Total votes28,963,982100.00
Registered voters/turnout38,204,10075.81
Source: Nohlen & Stöver

Parliamentary factions

Blocs were formed in the Rada on 11 May 1994:

Political BlocSeatsSupported for the President
Communists of Ukraine 83 Oleksandr Moroz, Leonid Kuchma
Socialist Party of Ukraine 25 [6] Oleksandr Moroz
People's Movement of Ukraine (Rukh)27 Volodymyr Lanovyi, Leonid Kravchuk
Interregional Bloc 26 Leonid Kuchma
Bloc "Derzhavnist'"25 Leonid Kravchuk
Bloc "Center"38 Leonid Kravchuk
Bloc "Agrarians of Ukraine"36 Oleksandr Tkachenko, Leonid Kravchuk
Bloc "Reforms"27 Volodymyr Lanovyi
Bloc "Unity"25–
Not affiliated23–
Total355

The political blocs formed in the Verkhovna Rada did not exactly represent a similar party. Such parties as the Peasant's Party of Ukraine (SelPU) and the Agrarians for Reform (AZR) (a breakaway group of former SelPU members) formed the Agrarians of Ukraine bloc. Although some of the deputies, especially from SelPU, joined the Socialist bloc. The Ukrainian Republican Party (URP), the Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists (CUN), and the Democratic Party of Ukraine (DemPU) has formed the electoral bloc Derzhavnist (Statehood).

In February 1997 the following factions were present in parliament: [7]

Elected members by constituency

Regional rankings

by party

Crimea (19)
Vinnytsia Region (16)
Volyn Region (9)
Dnipropetrovsk Region (34)
Donetsk Region (48)
Zhytomyr Region (12)
Zakarpattia Region (11)
Zaporizhzhia Region (18)
Ivano-Frankivsk Region (13)
Kirovohrad Region (12)
Luhansk Region (23)
Lviv Region (22)
Mykolaiv Region (11)
Odesa Region (23)
Kyiv Region (17)
Poltava Region (16)
Rivne Region (10)
Sumy Region (12)
Ternopil Region (10)
Kharkiv Region (25)
Kherson Region (10)
Khmelnytskyi Region (13)
Cherkasy Region (13)
Chernivtsi Region (8)
Chernihiv Region (13)
Kyiv (11/23)
Sevastopol (4)

by nationality

Kyiv (11/23)
Sevastopol (4)
Crimea (19)
Vinnytsia Region (16/17)
Volyn Region (8/9)
Dnipropetrovsk Region (34)
Donetsk Region (47)
Zhytomyr Region (12/13)
Zakarpattia Region (10)
Zaporizhzhia Region (18)
Ivano-Frankivsk Region (12/13)
Kyiv Region (16)
Kirovohrad Region (10)
Luhansk Region (24)
Lviv Region (22/23)
Mykolaiv Region (11)
Odesa Region (21/23)
Poltava Region (16)
Rivne Region (10)
Sumy Region (11/13)
Ternopil Regin (10)
Kharkiv Region (25/28)
Kherson Region (9/11)
Khmelnytskyi Region (13)
Cherkasy Region (13)
Chernivtsi Region (8)
Chernihiv Region (12)

Aftermath

Due to the low turnout, 112 seats remained vacant and later in the summer of 1994 (24 and 31 July and 7 August) 20 MPs were elected to the Rada. On 20 November and 4 December nine more MPs were elected.

On 30 May 1994 MP Roman Kuper died of a heart attack and Leonid Kravchuk was elected as his replacement on 25 September. On 15 July Leonid Kuchma surrendered his parliamentarian mandate after being elected President, and Vasyl Yevrukhov was elected in his place. On 21 August MP Vitaliy Yurkovsky died, and was replaced by Natalya Vitrenko.

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References

  1. 1 2 Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p1976 ISBN   978-3-8329-5609-7
  2. ↑ Birch, Sarah (1995). "The Ukrainian parliamentary and presidential elections of 1994". Electoral Studies. 14 (1): 93–99. doi:10.1016/0261-3794(95)95775-6. ISSN   0261-3794.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Parliamentary chronicles, The Ukrainian Week (30 November 2018)
  4. ↑ Nohlen & Stöver, p1991
  5. ↑ Against All Odds: Aiding Political Parties in Georgia and Ukraine (UvA Proefschriften) by Max Bader, Vossiuspers UvA, 2010, ISBN   90-5629-631-0 (page 93)
  6. ↑ Political parties of the world by Alan J. Day and Henry W. Degenhardt, 2002, John Harper Publishing, ISBN   978-0-9536278-7-5, Page 479
  7. ↑ Contemporary Ukraine Dynamics of Post-Soviet Transformation by Roman Solchanyk, M. E. Sharpe, May 1998, ISBN   0765602245 (page 26)
  8. ↑ membership was annulled on June 13, 1996
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