1991 Ukrainian presidential election

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1991 Ukrainian presidential election
Flag of Ukraine (1991-1992).svg
1 December 1991 1994  
Turnout84.18%
  NDU 2 Kravchuk Leonid Makarovich.jpg NDU 2 Chornovil Viacheslav Maksimovich.jpg
Nominee Leonid Kravchuk Viacheslav Chornovil
Party Independent Rukh
Popular vote19,643,4817,420,727
Percentage61.59%23.27%

1991 Ukrainian presidential election.svg
Results by oblast

President before election

Leonid Kravchuk (acting)
Independent

Elected President

Leonid Kravchuk
Independent

Presidential elections were held in Ukraine on 1 December 1991, [1] the first direct presidential elections in the country's history. Leonid Kravchuk, the Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada and de facto acting president, ran as an independent candidate and was elected for a five-year term with 62% of the vote. [2]

Contents

An independence referendum held on the same day saw 92% of voters voting to secede from the Soviet Union. [2] All six presidential candidates supported independence and had campaigned for a "yes" vote in the referendum.

Results

CandidatePartyVotes%
Leonid Kravchuk Independent 19,643,48161.59
Viacheslav Chornovil People's Movement of Ukraine 7,420,72723.27
Levko Lukianenko Ukrainian Republican Party 1,432,5564.49
Volodymyr Hrynyov Party of Democratic Revival of Ukraine 1,329,7584.17
Ihor Yukhnovskyi Independent 554,7191.74
Leopold Taburyanskyi People's Party of Ukraine 182,7130.57
Against all and invalid votes1,327,7884.16
Total31,891,742100.00
Total votes31,891,742
Registered voters/turnout37,885,55584.18
Source: Nohlen & Stöver [3]

By region

RegionWinnerRunner-upThird
Candidate%Candidate%Candidate%
Cherkasy Leonid Kravchuk 67.1 Viacheslav Chornovil 25.0 Levko Lukianenko 2.0
Chernihiv Leonid Kravchuk 74.2 Viacheslav Chornovil 12.3 Levko Lukianenko 6.7
Chernivtsi Leonid Kravchuk 43.6 Viacheslav Chornovil 42.7 Levko Lukianenko 4.4
Dnipropetrovsk Leonid Kravchuk 69.7 Viacheslav Chornovil 18.2 Volodymyr Hrynyov 3.2
Donetsk Leonid Kravchuk 71.5 Volodymyr Hrynyov 11.0 Viacheslav Chornovil 9.6
Ivano-Frankivsk Viacheslav Chornovil 67.1 Leonid Kravchuk 13.7 Levko Lukianenko 11.8
Kharkiv Leonid Kravchuk 60.9 Viacheslav Chornovil 19.7 Volodymyr Hrynyov 10.9
Kherson Leonid Kravchuk 70.2 Viacheslav Chornovil 18.1 Volodymyr Hrynyov 3.3
Khmelnytskyi Leonid Kravchuk 75.5 Viacheslav Chornovil 15.4 Levko Lukianenko 3.3
Kirovohrad Leonid Kravchuk 74.8 Viacheslav Chornovil 15.6 Levko Lukianenko 3.5
Kyiv Leonid Kravchuk 66.0 Viacheslav Chornovil 21.2 Levko Lukianenko 5.6
Luhansk Leonid Kravchuk 76.2 Viacheslav Chornovil 9.9 Volodymyr Hrynyov 6.8
Lviv Viacheslav Chornovil 75.9 Leonid Kravchuk 11.5 Levko Lukianenko 4.7
Mykolaiv Leonid Kravchuk 72.3 Viacheslav Chornovil 15.1 Volodymyr Hrynyov 5.6
Odesa Leonid Kravchuk 70.7 Viacheslav Chornovil 12.8 Volodymyr Hrynyov 8.4
Poltava Leonid Kravchuk 75.1 Viacheslav Chornovil 13.6 Levko Lukianenko 4.2
Rivne Leonid Kravchuk 53.1 Viacheslav Chornovil 25.7 Levko Lukianenko 13.4
Sumy Leonid Kravchuk 72.4 Viacheslav Chornovil 14.7 Levko Lukianenko 3.8
Ternopil Viacheslav Chornovil 57.5 Levko Lukianenko 19.6 Leonid Kravchuk 16.8
Transcarpathia Leonid Kravchuk 58.0 Viacheslav Chornovil 27.6 Levko Lukianenko 5.0
Vinnytsia Leonid Kravchuk 72.3 Viacheslav Chornovil 18.2 Levko Lukianenko 3.3
Volyn Leonid Kravchuk 51.7 Viacheslav Chornovil 31.4 Levko Lukianenko 8.9
Zaporizhzhia Leonid Kravchuk 74.7 Viacheslav Chornovil 13.0 Volodymyr Hrynyov 3.9
Zhytomyr Leonid Kravchuk 77.6 Viacheslav Chornovil 14.0 Levko Lukianenko 3.3
Crimean ASSR Leonid Kravchuk 56.6 Volodymyr Hrynyov 9.4 Viacheslav Chornovil 8.0
Kyiv City Leonid Kravchuk 56.1 Viacheslav Chornovil 26.7 Levko Lukianenko 6.4
Sevastopol Leonid Kravchuk 54.7 Viacheslav Chornovil 10.9 Volodymyr Hrynyov 8.4
Total Leonid Kravchuk 61.6 Viacheslav Chornovil 23.3 Levko Lukianenko 4.5
Source: Electoral Geography

Analysis

Anti-communist opposition leader Vyacheslav Chornovil won the majority of the vote in three regions of historical Galicia. His worst results were in Russified Donetsk and Luhansk Oblasts, as well as in Crimea. According to Ukrainian publicist and political analyst Mykola Riabchuk, the result of the election was a clear sign that the majority of the population preferred to see the newly proclaimed independent state as a continuation of the old Soviet Ukraine, and tended to demonize the democratic opposition as "nationalists". The failure to make a clear break with the Soviet legacy resulted in Ukraine emerging as a "hybrid state", where old Soviet identities and institutions coexisted with modern national ones. [4]

References

  1. Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p1976 ISBN   9783832956097
  2. 1 2 Independence - over 90% vote yes in referendum; Kravchuk elected president of Ukraine, The Ukrainian Weekly , 8 December 1991
  3. Nohlen & Stöver, p1993
  4. Mykola Riabchuk (2015). "'Two Ukraines' Reconsidered: The End of Ukrainian Ambivalence?" (PDF). Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism . 15 (1). Association for the Study of Ethnicity and Nationalism: 143.