1992 in Georgia (country)

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1992
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Georgia (country)
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See also: Other events of 1992
List of years in Georgia (country)

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zviad Gamsakhurdia</span> 1st President of Georgia (1991–92)

Zviad Konstantines dze Gamsakhurdia was a Georgian politician, human rights activist, dissident, professor of English language studies and American literature at Tbilisi State University, and writer who became the first democratically elected President of Georgia in May 1991.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mingrelia</span> Historical region in Georgia

Mingrelia is a historic province in the western part of Georgia, formerly known as Odishi. It is primarily inhabited by the Mingrelians, a subgroup of Georgians.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Georgian Civil War</span> 1991–1993 ethnic civil war in Georgia

The Georgian Civil War lasted from 1991 to 1993 in the South Caucasian country of Georgia. It consisted of inter-ethnic and international conflicts in the regions of South Ossetia and Abkhazia, as well as the violent military coup d'état against the first democratically-elected President of Georgia, Zviad Gamsakhurdia, and his subsequent uprising in an attempt to regain power.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Abkhazia conflict</span> 1989–present conflict between Georgia and the partially recognized Abkhazia

The Abkhazia conflict is a territorial dispute over Abkhazia, a region on the eastern coast of the Black Sea in the South Caucasus, at the intersection of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. The conflict involves Georgia, Russian Federation and Russian-backed self-proclaimed Republic of Abkhazia, internationally recognised only by Russia, Venezuela, Nicaragua, Nauru, and Syria; Georgia and all other United Nations members consider Abkhazia a sovereign territory of Georgia. However, as of 2023, Georgia lacks de facto control over the territory.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tengiz Kitovani</span> Georgian politician and military commander (1938–2023)

Tengiz Kitovani was a Georgian politician and military commander with high-profile involvement in the Georgian Civil War early in the 1990s when he commanded the National Guard of Georgia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ethnic cleansing of Georgians in Abkhazia</span> 1992–1998 removal and flight of Georgians from Abkhazia

The ethnic cleansing of Georgians in Abkhazia, also known in Georgia as the genocide of Georgians in Abkhazia, refers to the ethnic cleansing, massacres, and forced mass expulsion of thousands of ethnic Georgians living in Abkhazia during the Georgian-Abkhaz conflict of 1992–1993 and 1998 at the hands of Abkhaz separatists and their allies. Armenians, Greeks, Russians, and opposing Abkhazians were also killed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Georgia–Russia relations</span> Bilateral relations

Russia and Georgia have had relations for centuries. The contacts between the two date back to the 15th and 16th centuries, and the most important stage started in the 1580s, when the Georgian kingdom of Kakheti and the Russian Empire signed a treaty of alliance in 1587. Since then, Georgia–Russia relations have been developing vibrantly and culminated in the Treaty of Georgievsk, which established eastern Georgia as a protectorate of Russia. At that time, Georgia saw Russia as a powerful Christian and modernizing neighbor, capable of protecting Georgia from invading Muslim empires and North Caucasian raiders.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of Abkhazia</span>

The history of Abkhazia, a region in the South Caucasus, spans more than 5,000 years from its settlement by the lower-paleolithic hunter-gatherers to its present status as a partially recognized state.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">War in Abkhazia (1992–1993)</span> War between Georgia and Abkhaz separatists

The War in Abkhazia was fought between Georgian government forces for the most part and Abkhaz separatist forces, Russian government armed forces and North Caucasian militants between 1992 and 1993. Ethnic Georgians who lived in Abkhazia fought largely on the side of Georgian government forces. Ethnic Armenians and Russians within Abkhazia's population largely supported the Abkhazians and many fought on their side. The separatists received support from thousands of North Caucasus and Cossack militants and from the Russian Federation forces stationed in and near Abkhazia.

The Sukhumi riot was a riot in Sukhumi, Abkhaz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic, Soviet Union, in July 1989, triggered by an increasing inter-ethnic tensions between the Abkhaz and Georgian communities and followed by several days of street fighting and civil unrest in Sukhumi and throughout Abkhazia.

In June and July 2008 a series of bombings took place in Georgia's breakaway republic of Abkhazia, killing 4 and injuring 18 people.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Abkhazia</span> Partially recognised state in the South Caucasus

Abkhazia, officially the Republic of Abkhazia, is a partially recognised state in the South Caucasus, on the eastern coast of the Black Sea, at the intersection of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It covers 8,665 square kilometres (3,346 sq mi) and has a population of around 245,000. Its capital and largest city is Sukhumi.

Giorgi (Gia) Karkarashvili is a Georgian politician and retired major general who served as Georgia's Minister of Defense from May 1993 to March 1994. A former Soviet army captain, he was a high-profile military commander during the civil war and wars against the secessionists in Abkhazia and South Ossetia in the 1990s. A gunshot wound received in the 1995 attack in Moscow left him severely disabled. He was a member of the Parliament of Georgia from 1999 to 2004. He is currently a member of the Our Georgia – Free Democrats party led by Irakli Alasania.

Vakhtang "Loti" Kobalia is a retired Georgian colonel involved in the civil war of the early 1990s in which he commanded forces loyal to the ousted President Zviad Gamsakhurdia.

The War in Abkhazia from 1992 to 1993 was waged chiefly between Georgian government forces on one side, Russian military forces on other side supporting separatist forces demanding independence of Abkhazia from Georgia. http://www.historyorb.com/russia/georgia.php Ethnic Georgians, who lived in Abkhazia fought largely on the side of Georgian government forces. Ethnic Armenians and Russians within Abkhazia's population, largely supported Abkhazians and many fought on their side. The separatists were supported by thousands of the North Caucasus and Cossack militants and by the Russian Federation forces stationed in and near Abkhazia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Sukhumi (1992)</span>

The Battle of Sukhumi took place in 1992 between Abkhazian separatists and terrorists and the Georgian National Guard. The battle marked the start of 1992–1993 War in Abkhazia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1991–1992 Georgian coup d'état</span> Coup détat against Georgian president Zviad Gamsakhurdia

The 1991–1992 Georgian coup d'état, also known as the Tbilisi War, or the Putsch of 1991–1992, was an internal military conflict that took place in the newly independent Republic of Georgia following the fall of the Soviet Union, from 22 December 1991 to 6 January 1992. The coup, which triggered the Georgian Civil War, pitted factions of the National Guard loyal to President Zviad Gamsakhurdia against several paramilitary organizations unified at the end of 1991 under the leadership of warlords Tengiz Kitovani, Jaba Ioseliani and Tengiz Sigua.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Poti (1993)</span> Battle of Poti, Georgian Civil War

The Battle of Poti was a series of engagements around Poti, Georgia during the Georgian Civil War, between rebels supporting the ousted Georgian president Zviad Gamsakhurdia, the so-called 'Zviadists', and Russian forces supporting the Georgian Head of State Eduard Shevardnadze. A group of Russian Marines of the Black Sea Fleet landed in the Georgian port city in late October 1993 to protect an important railway between Poti and the Georgian capital Tbilisi. In November clashes between the Russians and the Zviadists erupted, with the Russian Major General Boris Djukov, claiming no Russian casualties. The fighting ended when the Georgian Armed Forces broke through the rebels' defenses and entered their capital Zugdidi on the 6th of November.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Georgia–Ichkeria relations</span> Relations between Georgia and Ichkeria

Relations between Georgia and the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria began in 1991, when both countries declared independence from the Soviet Union. They continued to pursue relations until Chechnya was re-annexed by Russia in 2000.

References

  1. "Rebels in Georgia Form Government". Washington Post. 1992-01-02. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  2. "Ousted Georgian Says He Is Still President". New York Times. 1992-01-09. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  3. "Ousted Georgian leader vows civil war". Washington Post. 1992-10-27. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  4. "Ousted chief returns to Georgia raising fear of renewed fighting". Washington Post. 1993-10-27. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  5. "Geprgoam rulers say they hold ousted foe's area". New York Times. 1992-01-19. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  6. "Ex-President's stronghold seized in Georgia". Washington Post. 1992-01-29. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  7. "Stronghold Falls in Another Blow to Gamsakhurdia". Los Angeles Times. 1992-01-29. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  8. "Ex-President's Stronghold Seized in Georgia". Washington Post. 1992-01-29. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  9. "Биография". Кавказский узел. Archived from the original on 2016-05-31. Retrieved 2014-12-20.
  10. "Baker meets Georgian provisional prime minister". Greensboro. 1992-02-18. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  11. "SHEVARDNADZE NAMED HEAD OF NEW GOVERNMENT". Greensboro. 1992-03-10. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  12. "უკრაინის უმაღლესმა რადამ იჩქერიის სუვერენიტეტი აღიარა". Rustavi 2. Retrieved 19 October 2022.
  13. "Digital Copy of the Recognition Document". Archived from the original on 13 March 2016. Retrieved 19 October 2022.
  14. "UN sends vance to probe Caucasus war". Washington Post. 1992-03-13. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  15. "Baker detours to visit an old friend in need". Washington Post. 1992-05-26. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  16. "Troops crush coup attempt in Georgia". Tampa Bay Times. 1992-06-25. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  17. Georgia: Violent events in Sukhumi and Tsalenjikha between April and August 1992; persons in charge of Georgian national security and law enforcement; roles of Colonels Kalandia and Maisuradze in Sukhumi and Tsalenjikha // Refworld.org
  18. "Georgians hunt for kidnapped leader". The Independent. 1992-07-10. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  19. "Troops deploy to keep peace in Georgia". Greensboro. 1992-07-14. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  20. "Georgia crash". The Independent. 1992-07-20. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  21. 1 2 "New ethnic dispute in Georgia". UPI. 25 July 1992. Retrieved 29 December 2023.
  22. "GEORGIA OFFERS TO PARDON OLD REGIME'S SUPPORTERS". Greensboro. 1992-08-04. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  23. "Georgian rebels seize minister". The Independent. 1992-08-11. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  24. "'Forces of evil' scupper Shevardnadze peace drive". The Independent. 1992-08-12. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  25. "THOUSANDS OF TROOPS MOVE TO FREE GEORGIAN HOSTAGES". Greensboro. 1992-08-13. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  26. "Georgia seizes Sukhumi". The Independent. 1992-08-18. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  27. "Georgia official freed by troops". The Independent. 1992-08-19. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  28. "GEORGIA MOBILIZES PART OF ARMED FORCES". Greensboro. 1992-08-23. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  29. 1 2 "Dozens Die in Georgia Battle". New York Times. 1992-08-27. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  30. "Georgia says 50 killed in battle with pro-separatists". The Independent. 1992-08-26. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  31. "Georgia peace". The Independent. 1992-08-29. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  32. "10 killed in fighting in Georgia". Tampa Bay Times. 1992-08-31. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  33. 1 2 "Agreement between Abkhazia, Georgia and Russia". UPI. 1992-03-10. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  34. 1 2 "LAST HOSTAGE IN GEORGIA RELEASED; 30 REBELS DIE". UPI. 1992-09-10. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  35. "MILITANTS BLOW UP BRIDGE BETWEEN ARMENIA, GEORGIA". Greensboro. 1992-09-14. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  36. "Bus ambush". The Independent. 1992-09-20. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  37. Bennett, Andrew (1999). Condemned to repetition?: the rise, fall, and reprise of Soviet-Russian military interventionism, 1973-1996. MIT Press. p. 319. ISBN   9780262522571.
  38. "Chronology for Abkhazians in Georgia". Refworld. Minorities at Risk Project. 2004. Archived from the original on 3 February 2021. Retrieved 1 April 2018.
  39. "Shevardnadze warns Caucasus is a 'new hotbed'". UPI. 1992-09-26. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  40. "Russia orders more troops into Tajikistan". The Independent. 1992-09-27. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  41. "CAUCASUS REGION IN STATE OF EMERGENCY". Greensboro. 1992-09-27. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  42. "Russia Warns Georgia against Arms Takeover". Washington Post. 1992-10-05. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  43. "Georgia rebels accused of mass killings". The Independent. 1992-10-07. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  44. Daily Report: Central Eurasia. The Service. 1992. p. 66.