1 Peter 2

1 Peter 2
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The Greek text of 1 Peter 2:7-12 (left) and 2:12-17 (right) in Papyrus 72 from 3rd/4th century.
Book	First Epistle of Peter
Category	General epistles
Christian Bible part	New Testament
Order in the Christian part	21

1 Peter 2 is the second chapter of the First Epistle of Peter in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. The author identifies himself as "Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ" and the epistle is traditionally attributed to Peter the Apostle, but some writers argue that it is the work of Peter's followers in Rome between 70 and 100 CE. ^{[1] [2] [3]}

Text

The original text was written in Koine Greek. This chapter is divided into 25 verses.

Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter are:

In Greek

• Papyrus 72 (3rd/4th century)
• Papyrus 125 (3rd/4th century; extant verses 1–5, 7–12)
• Papyrus 81 (4th century; extant verses 20–25)
• Codex Vaticanus (325–350)
• Codex Sinaiticus (330–360)
• Codex Alexandrinus (400–440)
• Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus (ca. 450; complete)
• Papyrus 74 (7th century; extant verses 6–7, 11–12, 18, 24)

In Latin

• León palimpsest (7th century; complete) ^[4]

Old Testament references

• 1 Peter 2:3: Psalm 34:8. ^[5]
• 1 Peter 2:6: Isaiah 28:16
• 1 Peter 2:7: Psalm 118:22 ^[6]
• 1 Peter 2:8: Isaiah 8:14 ^[7]
• 1 Peter 2:10: Hosea 2,23 ^[6]
• 1 Peter 2:22: Isaiah 53:9

Rebirth through the Word (1:22–2:3)

Verse 1

Therefore, laying aside all malice, all deceit, hypocrisy, envy, and all evil speaking ^[8]

The admonition which starts here "stands, as οὖν (oun, "therefore") shows, in close connection with what precedes in 1 Peter 1:22": ^[9] Since you have purified your souls in obeying the truth…. ^[10]

Verse 2

as newborn babes, desire the pure milk of the word, that you may grow thereby, ^[11]

The N U text reads "grow up to salvation". ^[12]

God's chosen people (2:4–10)

Fragment containing 1 Peter 1:23–2:5 on Papyrus 125 (3rd/4th century).

Verse 6

Therefore it is also contained in the Scripture,

"Behold, I lay in Zion

A chief cornerstone, elect, precious,

And he who believes on Him will by no means be put to shame." ^[13]

Citing Isaiah 28:16
Cross reference: Romans 9:33, Ephesians 2:20

Verse 7

Therefore, to you who believe, He is precious; but to those who are disobedient,

"The stone which the builders rejected

Has become the chief cornerstone," ^[14]

Citing Psalm 118:22

Verse 8

and

"A stone of stumbling

And a rock of offense."

They stumble, being disobedient to the word, to which they also were appointed. ^[15]

Citing Isaiah 8:14, ^[7] Isaiah 28:16

Verse 9

But you are a chosen generation, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, His own special people, that you may proclaim the praises of Him who called you out of darkness into His marvelous light; ^[16]

• Citing: Exodus 19:5–6 ; 23:22 (LXX); Isaiah 43:20-21; 62:12 and Malachi 3:17. ^{[17] [18]}
• "A royal priesthood, a holy nation": translated from Greek words, which are a direct quotation from the Greek version of Exodus 19:6 (Septuagint), whereas the Hebrew literally has "a kingdom of priests" (cf. Revelation 1:6), meaning that 'in God's organised kingdom, every member is a priest'. ^[19]
• "His own special people": or "a peculiar people" (KJV) translated from the Greek words: λαὸς εἰς περιποίησιν, laos eis peripoiēsin , "a people for possession". ^[20] The word περιποίησιν, peripoiēsin is cited from the Greek rendering of the Hebrew word סְגֻלָּ֑ה, səḡullāh ("property", "jewels", "possession") in Malachi 3:17, which is found in other Hebrew verses but is translated slightly differently in Greek Septuagint version, such as in Exodus 19:5 λαός περιούσιος, "a peculiar treasure" (KJV); Deuteronomy 7:6 λαόν περιούσιον, "special people" (KJV); Deuteronomy 14:2 λαόν αυτώ περιούσιον, "a peculiar people" (KJV), that is adopted by Paul in Titus 2:14. ^{[17] [21]} The phrase εἰς περιποίησιν, eis peripoiēsin , is also used in Hebrews 10:39; 1 Thessalonians 5:9; 2 Thessalonians 2:14, and is apparently abbreviated to περιποίησις in Ephesians 1:14. ^[21] Perhaps περιούσιος, periousios , refers to 'the treasure as laid up', while περιποίησις, peripoiēsis , refers to 'the treasure as acquired'. ^[22]

Principles of conduct in human society (2:11–17)

This section addresses the distinctness of the believers' communities which is preserved when their conduct is good by God's standards. ^[23]

The principles in practice (2:18–25)

Slaves, and also wives in the next chapter, were two vulnerable groups. Commentator Eric Eve suggests that the advice directly concerns their welfare, but it is also indirectly employed to offer examples of proper submission for Christians. ^[23]

See also

• Priesthood
• Priesthood of all believers
• Jesus Christ
• Related Bible parts: Psalm 118, Isaiah 8, Isaiah 28, Isaiah 53, Isaiah 62, Malachi 3, Matthew 8, Romans 3, Romans 9

References

1. Eve 2007, pp. 1263–64.
2. Davids, Peter H. (1982). Marshall, I. Howard; Gasque, W. Ward (eds.). The Epistle of James. New International Greek Testament Commentary (repr. ed.). Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans. ISBN   0-80282388-2.
3. Evans, Craig A (2005). Evans, Craig A. (ed.). John, Hebrews–Revelation. Bible Knowledge Background Commentary. Colorado Springs, CO: Victor. ISBN   0-78144228-1.
4. Bruce M. Metzger, The Early Versions of the New Testament, Oxford University Press, 1977, p. 316.
5. Kirkpatrick, A. F. (1901). The Book of Psalms: with Introduction and Notes. The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges. Vol. Book IV and V: Psalms XC-CL. Cambridge: At the University Press. p. 838. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
6. "1 Peter 2 in the 1611 King James Bible".
7. Kidner, Derek (1994). "Isaiah". In Carson, D. A.; France, R. T.; Motyer, J. A.; Wenham, G. J. (eds.). New Bible Commentary: 21st Century Edition (4, illustrated, reprint, revised ed.). Inter-Varsity Press. p. 640. ISBN   9780851106489.
8. 1 Peter 2:1: NKJV
9. Meyer, H. A. W., Meyer's NT Commentary on 1 Peter 2, accessed 5 September 2021
10. 1 Peter 1:22
11. 1 Peter 2:2: NKJV
12. New King James Version, footnote ‘a’ at 1 Peter 2:2. 1982, Thomas Nelson
13. 1 Peter 2:6 NKJV
14. 1 Peter 2:7 NKJV
15. 1 Peter 2:8 NKJV
16. 1 Peter 2:9 NKJV
17. Poole, Matthew, A Commentary on the Holy Bible. "1 Peter 2". Accessed on 22 August 2019.
18. Note on 1 Peter 2:9 in NET Bible
19. Ellicott, C. J. (Ed.) (1905). Ellicott's Bible Commentary for English Readers. 1 Peter 2. London : Cassell and Company, Limited, [1905-1906] Online version: (OCoLC) 929526708. Accessed 28 April 2019.
20. 1 Peter 2:9 Greek Text Analysis. Biblehub
21. Nicoll, W. R., Expositor's Greek Testament. 1 Peter 2. Accessed 24 April 2019.
22. Nicoll, W. R., Expositor's Greek Testament. Titus 2. Accessed 24 April 2019.
23. Eve 2007, p. 1266.

Bibliography

• Eve, Eric (2007). "77. 1 Peter". In Barton, John; Muddiman, John (eds.). The Oxford Bible Commentary (paperback) (1st ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 1263–70. ISBN   978-0-19927718-6 . Retrieved February 6, 2019.

External links

• 1 Peter 2 King James Bible - Wikisource
• English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate Archived 2019-06-17 at the Wayback Machine
• Online Bible at GospelHall.org (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English)
• Multiple bible versions at Bible Gateway (NKJV, NIV, NRSV etc.)