Enoyl-CoA-(∆) isomerase (EC 5.3.3.8, also known as dodecenoyl-CoA- isomerase, 3,2-trans-enoyl-CoA isomerase, ∆3 ,∆2 -enoyl-CoA isomerase, or acetylene-allene isomerase, is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of cis- or trans-double bonds of coenzyme A bound fatty acids at gamma-carbon to trans double bonds at beta-carbon as below:
Daidzein is a naturally occurring compound found exclusively in soybeans and other legumes and structurally belongs to a class of compounds known as isoflavones. Daidzein and other isoflavones are produced in plants through the phenylpropanoid pathway of secondary metabolism and are used as signal carriers, and defense responses to pathogenic attacks. In humans, recent research has shown the viability of using daidzein in medicine for menopausal relief, osteoporosis, blood cholesterol, and lowering the risk of some hormone-related cancers, and heart disease. Despite the known health benefits, the use of both puerarin and daidzein is limited by their poor bioavailability and low water solubility.
Isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase, also known as Isopentenyl-diphosphate delta isomerase, is an isomerase that catalyzes the conversion of the relatively un-reactive isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) to the more-reactive electrophile dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP). This isomerization is a key step in the biosynthesis of isoprenoids through the mevalonate pathway and the MEP pathway.
1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid is a cyclic imino acid. Its conjugate base and anion is 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C). In solution, P5C is in spontaneous equilibrium with glutamate-5-semialdhyde (GSA).
In enzymology, a 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate 1,2-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.38) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (EC 1.5.1.2) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, an alanine racemase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a (hydroxyamino)benzene mutase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
Isochorismate synthase ( EC 5.4.4.2) is an isomerase enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of vitamin K2 (menaquinone) in Escherichia coli.
In enzymology, a maleate isomerase, or maleate cis-tran isomerase, is a member of the Asp/Glu racemase superfamily discovered in bacteria. It is responsible for catalyzing cis-trans isomerization of the C2-C3 double bond in maleate to produce fumarate, which is a critical intermediate in citric acid cycle. The presence of an exogenous mercaptan is required for catalysis to happen.
In enzymology, a steroid Δ5-isomerase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
The enzyme 4-(2-carboxyphenyl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate aldolase (EC 4.1.2.34) catalyzes the chemical reaction
The enzyme 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylate lactonase (EC 3.1.1.57, LigI) catalyzes the reversible hydrolytic reaction
Pyocyanin (PCN−) is one of the many toxic compounds produced and secreted by the Gram negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pyocyanin is a blue secondary metabolite, turning red below pH 4.9, with the ability to oxidise and reduce other molecules and therefore kill microbes competing against P. aeruginosa as well as mammalian cells of the lungs which P. aeruginosa has infected during cystic fibrosis. Since pyocyanin is a zwitterion at blood pH, it is easily able to cross the cell membrane. There are three different states in which pyocyanin can exist: oxidized (blue), monovalently reduced (colourless) or divalently reduced (red). Mitochondria play an important role in the cycling of pyocyanin between its redox states. Due to its redox-active properties, pyocyanin generates reactive oxygen species.
1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.56, 1,2-DHN dioxygenase, DHNDO, 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene oxygenase, 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene:oxygen oxidoreductase) is an enzyme with systematic name naphthalene-1,2-diol:oxygen oxidoreductase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.127, mhpA (gene)) is an enzyme with systematic name 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (2-hydroxylating). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
2-hydroxy-6-oxonona-2,4-dienedioate hydrolase (EC 3.7.1.14, mhpC (gene)) is an enzyme with systematic name (2Z,4E)-2-hydroxy-6-oxona-2,4-dienedioate succinylhydrolase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction:
- (2Z,4E)-2-hydroxy-6-oxonona-2,4-diene-1,9-dioate + H2O (2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate + succinate
- (2Z,4E,7E)-2-hydroxy-6-oxonona-2,4,7-triene-1,9-dioate + H2O (2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate + fumarate
trans-o-Hydroxybenzylidenepyruvate hydratase-aldolase (EC 4.1.2.45, 2′-hydroxybenzalpyruvate aldolase, NsaE, tHBPA hydratase-aldolase) is an enzyme with systematic name (3E)-4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate hydro-lyase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
4-oxalomesaconate tautomerase is an enzyme with systematic name 4-oxalomesaconate keto---enol-isomerase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
Trans-2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxyanthranilate isomerase is an enzyme with systematic name (5S,6S)-6-amino-5-hydroxycyclohexane-1,3-diene-1-carboxyate isomerase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
