Likud's previous leader, Prime MinisterAriel Sharon, initially sought re-election as party leader, and was challenged by Netanyahu and Uzi Landau over Sharon's planned disengagement from the Gaza Strip. In November 2005, Sharon left Likud to form Kadima. Following his departure, Silvan Shalom, Moshe Feiglin, Israel Katz and Defense MinisterShaul Mofaz announced their own bids for the leadership. Mofaz and Landau withdrew from the race in December, with Landau endorsing Netanyahu and Mofaz leaving Likud and joining Kadima.
Several months after Netanyahu's victory, Likud lost decisively in the 2006 Knesset election. The party later returned to power in 2009.
That year, Sharon made plans for a unilateral disengagement from the Gaza Strip.[4] The plan faced significant opposition from within Likud. In a party referendum held in May 2004, the plan was voted down 59.5-39.7%.[7] Sharon subsequently brought the plan to a vote in the Knesset in October, where several members of Likud, including Netanyahu, conditioned the implementation of the plan on a national referendum. They subsequently backed down, allowing for the plan's approval.[8] After the cabinet voted to begin the disengagement process in August 2005, Netanyahu resigned as Minister of Finance.[9] Later that month, Netanyahu and Member of the Knesset Uzi Landau announced their intention to run for the party's leadership.[10][11]
Motion for early election
Likud's central committee (pictured in 2008) narrowly voted against Uzi Landau's proposal for an early leadership election
In July 2005, Landau proposed that Likud hold an early leadership election, and began collecting signatures from members of the Central Committee to force a vote on the matter.[12][a] The petition reached the required number of signatures in August, but was challenged due to alleged forgeries.[13] On 30 August 2005, Likud's internal court ruled that the party's Central Committee must convene to debate the motion on 25 September, and vote on it the following day.[14]
Netanyahu supported Landau's motion for an early leadership election. The two candidates stated in a joint letter that the move was intended to prevent a lengthy struggle for the party's leadership. They also stated their belief that Sharon intended to leave Likud and form his own party, arguing an early leadership election would prevent him from defecting close to the date of the next election.[15] Several Likud politicians, including ministers Limor Livnat and Silvan Shalom and central committee chairman Tzachi Hanegbi attempted to broker a compromise, in which Netanyahu, Landau and Sharon would agree on an election date, and Sharon would publicly commit to remain in Likud.[16][17] Ultimately, the motion was voted down by the central committee in a 52-48% margin.[18][19]
Formation of Kadima
In November 2005, Sharon resigned from both the leadership of Likud and the office of Prime Minister and founded a new party, Kadima. he was joined by members of Likud and Labor,[20][21] including Shimon Peres, who was ousted as leader of the Labor party several weeks prior.[22] Following Sharon's resignation, Central Committee Chairman Tzachi Hanegbi became the party's interim leader,[23][24] and PresidentMoshe Katsav, at the behest of Sharon and Labor leader Amir Peretz, scheduled a new election for March 2006.[25][26] On 24 November, Likud's Central Committee announced the first round of the leadership election would be held on 19 December, with a potential second round scheduled for 26 December.[27] Netanyahu formally announced his intention to run that same day,[28] Silvan Shalom did so on 29 November, and Moshe Feiglin did on 30 November.[29]Israel Katz and Shaul Mofaz also announced their intention to run.[30][27]
Hanegbi left Likud and joined Kadima on 7 December,[31] and was provisionally replaced by a council of five Likud ministers led by Minister of HealthDan Naveh,[32] and additionally including Education Minister Limor Livnat, as well as Members of the Knesset Gideon Sa'ar and Michael Eitan and Likud Director General Arik Brami.[33]
Campaign
Netanyahu campaigned on his financial and security policies, emphasizing his tenure as the Minister of Finance,[34] and his opposition to Sharon's disengagement plan, criticizing the new Kadima party and referring to them as "Labor B".[35] following Landau's withdrawal from the race, Netanyahu stated that he would seek to recruit qualified candidates to the party's electoral list ahead of the general election.[35] the day before the primary was held, he argued that he was the most electable candidate, and further criticized Sharon and Labor leader Amir Peretz for their financial policies and positions on the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.[36] Netanyahu also stated his support for a pre-emptive strike against the Iranian nuclear program.[37]
Shalom campaigned against Mofaz and Netanyahu, arguing that he was more electable.[38] He additionally advocated for peace talks with the Palestinians,[39] and criticized Netanyahu's cuts to social welfare programs as Finance Minister.[40][41]
Feiglin's campaign attempted to appeal to secular voters. He ran on a platform he referred to as 'Family, Education, Security and Justice'. aiming to preserve traditional family values, provide tax exemptions to married couples, include studies of Jewish history and identity in the national curriculum, withdraw from the Oslo Accords and impose Israeli sovereignty on the West Bank.[42][43] he additionally proposed that Likud form an electoral list with smaller right-wing parties.[44]
Katz argued he represented the Mainstream of Likud,[45] and criticized Netanyahu's cuts to social welfare programs as Finance Minister.[46] He was accused by supporters of Ariel Sharon of replacing Sharon-appointed Likud officials with his own appointees to further his campaign for leadership.[47]
Landau campaigned on his opposition to the disengagement plan,[48] and like Feiglin, proposed the formation of an electoral list between Likud and smaller right-wing parties,[49] before withdrawing from the race on 5 December and endorsing Netanyahu.[50]
Mofaz, who announced his intention to run on November 21,[51] campaigned on socio-conomic issues, criticizing Netanyahu's economic policies and referring to him as "a Cream Child[he] from Rehavia who hurt the poor".[40][52] He ranon a pledge to narrow the wealth gap, expand Israeli settlements in the West Bank while negotiating with the Palestinian Authority[53][54] and to reform education.[55] He additionally pledged to keep Likud in Sharon's government until after the 2006 election.[56] Mofaz later withdrew from the race, left Likud and joined Kadima on 11 December.[57]
Silvan Shalom conceded the election after initial results showed a Netanyahu victory. Feiglin expressed satisfaction with the results, arguing they indicated significant growth in his support within Likud.[100] following the primary, all remaining Likud Ministers resigned from the government by the end of January 2006.[101] on 4 January, Ariel Sharon suffered a stroke that left him in a permanent coma until his death in 2014.[102][103] he was replaced as prime minister by Ehud Olmert, who led the party through the general election in March.[104]
Shalom intended on challenging Netanyahu a second time in 2007, but withdrew when the election date was moved forwards.[105][106] He retired from politics in 2015 following allegations of sexual misconduct.[107] Feiglin challenged Netanyahu again in 2007 and 2012, winning 23% of the vote in both races.[108][109] He later served as a member of the Knesset for Likud between 2013 and 2015, when he left the party to form Zehut.[110][111]
Landau lost his Knesset seat in the 2006 election. He then left the party and served as a member of the Knesset for Yisrael Beiteinu from 2009 until his retirement in 2015.[112][63]
Likud won 12 seats in the March election,[104] less than a third of the 38 seats the party won in 2003.[115] following the election, Olmert formed a new government, which did not include Likud.[104] Netanyahu was re-elected as leader of Likud in 2007, and later won the 2009 legislative election, which resulted in him forming a government and becoming the prime minister for a second time.[116] He served as prime minister from 2009 to 2021, and again since 2022.[5][f]
↑ Among Likud members who were 'certain they will vote'
↑ This is a partial count and includes 98% of all votes cast in the election.
↑ As of July 2025, Netanyahu remains Prime Minister of Israel
References
1 2 Somfalvi, Attila; Marciano, Ilan (19 December 2005). "נתניהו: נחזור להנהגה, כולנו הולכים קדימה"[Netahyahu: We will return to leadership, we're going forwards]. Ynet (in Hebrew). Retrieved 12 May 2022.
↑ "דרכו של נתניהו. מירושלים לארה"ב ובחזרה"[Netanyahu's path: from Jerusalem to the United States and back again]. Ynet (in Hebrew). 19 December 2005. Retrieved 12 May 2022.
↑ Ephrati, Iddo; Goldstein, Tani (7 August 2005). "בנימין נתניהו: רפורמטור והמפריט הלאומי"[Benjamin Netanyahu: 'Reformator' and the national Privatizer]. Ynet (in Hebrew). Retrieved 5 June 2022.
↑ Bahur-Nir, Diana; Somfalvi, Attila (2 May 2004). "תבוסת שרון: 59.5% - נגד ההתנתקות, 39.7% - בעד"[Sharon's defeat: 59.5% - against disengagement, 39.7% - in favor]. Ynet (in Hebrew). Retrieved 5 June 2022.
↑ Rahat, Menachem (9 November 2004). ""קיבלנו איתותים שביבי נשאר""["We've received signals that Bibi is staying"]. Maariv nrg (in Hebrew). Retrieved 5 June 2022.
↑ Somfalvi, Attila; Bahur-Nir, Diana (7 August 2005). "שר האוצר נתניהו התפטר: "בגלל ההתנתקות""[Finance Minister Netanyahu resigned: "because of disengagement"]. Ynet (in Hebrew). Retrieved 5 June 2022.
↑ Somfalvi, Attila (9 August 2005). "לנדאו הכריז על מועמדותו לראשות הליכוד"[Landau has announced his candidacy for the chairmanship of the Likud]. ynet (in Hebrew). Retrieved 7 June 2022.
↑ Somfalvi, Attila (30 August 2005). "נתניהו: שרון נטש את העקרונות, אני מתמודד"[Netanyahu: Sharon has abandoned the principles, I am running]. ynet (in Hebrew). Retrieved 18 June 2025.
↑ Somfalvi, Attila (21 August 2005). "חשד בליכוד: מתנגדי שרון זייפו חתימות לכינוס המרכז"[Suspicion in Likud: Sharon's opposition faked signatures to convene central committee]. ynet (in Hebrew). Retrieved 18 June 2025.
↑ Mualem, Mazal (30 August 2005). "החל המהלך להדחת שרון מהנהגת הליכוד"[The move to oust Sharon as Likud leader has begun]. Haaretz (in Hebrew). Retrieved 18 June 2025.
↑ Mualem, Mazal (18 September 2005). "נוסח איגרת נתניהו ולנדאו לחברי מרכז הליכוד"[Text of Netanyahu and Landau's letter to the members of Likud's central committee]. Haaretz (in Hebrew). Retrieved 18 June 2025.
↑ Somfalvi, Attila (25 September 2005). "לבנת לימין נתניהו: תומכת בהקדמת הפריימריז"[Livnat to the right of Netanyahu: I support early primaries]. ynet (in Hebrew). Retrieved 18 June 2025.
↑ Somfalvi, Attila (27 September 2005). "אין פריימריז: שרון ניצח ב-104 קולות"[No primaries: Sharon won by 104 votes]. ynet (in Hebrew). Retrieved 18 June 2025.
↑ Mualem, Mazal; Ettinger, Yair (27 September 2005). "שרון גבר על נתניהו בהפרש של 104 קולות"[Sharon triumphed over Netanyahu by 104 votes]. Haaretz. Retrieved 18 June 2025.
↑ Sofer, Roni (23 November 2005). "רשמית: מפלגת שרון - "קדימה" - יצאה לדרך"[Officially: Sharon's Party, "Kadima", has been founded]. Ynet (in Hebrew). Retrieved 5 June 2022.
↑ Marciano, Ilan (21 November 2005). "הקרב על ה-14: מצעד ח"כים בלשכת שרון"[Fight for 14: march of MKs at Sharon's office]. Ynet (in Hebrew). Retrieved 7 June 2022.
↑ Marchano, Ilan; Somfalvi, Attila (20 November 2005). "שרון החליט לפרוש מהליכוד"[Sharon has decided to leave the Likud]. Ynet (in Hebrew). Retrieved 7 June 2022.
↑ Marciano, Ilan (21 November 2005). "סיעת ליכוד בלי שרון: מנסים לגבש 61"[The Likud without Sharon: trying to muster 61]. Ynet (in Hebrew). Retrieved 7 June 2022.
↑ Somfalvi, Attila; Marciano, Ilan (22 November 2005). "הכנסת והנשיא הסכימו: בחירות ב-28 במרס"[The Knesset and the President have agreed: elections on 28 March]. Ynet (in Hebrew). Retrieved 7 June 2022.
1 2 Somfalvi, Attila (24 November 2005). "מרכז הליכוד אישר: הפריימריז בחודש הבא"[The Likud's central committee has confirmed: Primaries will happen next month]. Ynet (in Hebrew). Retrieved 7 June 2022.
↑ Somfalvi, Attila (27 November 2005). "נתניהו פותח את הקמפיין להנהגת הליכוד"[Netanyahu begins campaign for leadership of the Likud]. Ynet (in Hebrew). Retrieved 7 June 2022.
↑ Hasson, Miri (30 November 2005). "פייגלין הודיע שיתמודד בליכוד: "צריך מסורת""[Feiglin announced he would run in the Likud: "Tradition is Needed"]. Ynet (in Hebrew). Retrieved 7 June 2022.
↑ Sofer, Roni (7 December 2005). "הנגבי פורש: טובת המדינה גוברת על טובת הליכוד"[Hanegbi quits: "what's best for the country overtakes what's best for Likud"]. Ynet (in Hebrew). Retrieved 7 June 2022.
↑ Somfalvi, Attila (27 November 2005). "נתניהו פותח את הקמפיין להנהגת הליכוד"[Netanyahu begins campaign for leadership of the Likud]. Ynet (in Hebrew). Retrieved 7 June 2022.
1 2 Marciano, Ilan; Somfalvi, Attila (17 December 2005). "24 שעות לפני: נתניהו ושלום מסירים כפפות"[24 Hours before: Netanyahu and Shalom take their gloves off]. Ynet (in Hebrew). Retrieved 7 June 2022.
↑ Hasson, Miri (30 November 2005). "פייגלין הודיע שיתמודד בליכוד: "צריך מסורת""[Feiglin announced he would run in the Likud: "Tradition is Needed"]. Ynet (in Hebrew). Retrieved 7 June 2022.
↑ Azoulay, Yuval; Galili, Lilly; Mualem, Mazal (1 December 2005). "בכירים בליכוד: המורדים אחראים להתרסקות המפלגה"[Senior Likud officials: the rebels are responsible for the party's collapse]. Haaretz (in Hebrew). Retrieved 19 June 2025.
↑ Somfalvi, Attila (9 August 2005). "לנדאו הכריז על מועמדותו לראשות הליכוד"[Landau has announced his candidacy for the chairmanship of the Likud]. Ynet (in Hebrew). Retrieved 7 June 2022.
1 2 Marciano, Ilan; Somfalvi, Attila (5 December 2005). "עוזי לנדאו פורש מהמירוץ, תומך בנתניהו"[Uzi Landau withdraws from race, supports Netanyahu]. Ynet (in Hebrew). Retrieved 7 June 2022.
↑ Jalikovich, Moran; Somfalvi, Attila (21 November 2005). "מופז: הליכוד זקוק למנהיג, אתמודד על ראשותו"[Mofaz: the Likud needs a leader, i will run to lead it]. Ynet (in Hebrew). Retrieved 7 June 2022.
↑ Marciano, Ilan (1 December 2005). "מופז בפתח הקמפיין: נחזק את גושי ההתיישבות"[Mofaz at the beginning of his campaign: we will strengthen settlement blocs]. Ynet (in Hebrew). Retrieved 7 June 2022.
↑ Efrati, Iddo (2 December 2005). "מופז: "הבעיה החברתית מסוכנת מהביטחונית""[Mofaz: the social issue is more dangerous than the security one]. Ynet (in Hebrew). Retrieved 7 June 2022.
1 2 Marciano, Ilan (15 December 2005). "סקר: כמעט שוויון בין שלום לנתניהו"[Poll: Netanyahu and Shalom nearly tied]. ynet (in Hebrew). Retrieved 16 June 2025.
↑ Marciano, Ilan; Somfalvi, Attila (19 December 2005). "נתניהו: נחזור להנהגה, כולנו הולכים קדימה"[Netanyahu: we will return to leadership, we are all moving forwards]. Ynet (in Hebrew). Retrieved 8 June 2022.
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