The Bibi Files is a 2024 American documentary film directed by Alexis Bloom. The film features leaked interrogation footage from the trial of Benjamin Netanyahu. It was screened as a work-in-progress film at the 2024 Toronto International Film Festival, and had its official world premiere at Doc NYC on November 14, 2024. It was later released on direct-to-consumer film platform Jolt in the United States on December 11, 2024.
As part of the investigation into bribery and fraud allegations against Prime MinisterBenjamin Netanyahu, Israeli police recorded thousands of hours of interrogation footage from 2016 to 2018.[1][2] This footage was leaked to filmmaker Alex Gibney via Signal in early 2023.[3][4] In addition to Netanyahu, the film features video footage of his family, friends, and associates.[5][6] It also includes interviews with insiders who were willing to speak on the record about Netanyahu.[7]
While the interrogation audio had been previously published, the video footage had not been.[7] Gibney stated, "These recordings shed light on Netanyahu's character in a way that is unprecedented and extraordinary. They are powerful evidence of his venal and corrupt character and how that led us to where we are at right now."[5]
Synopsis
Benjamin Netanyahu, facing allegations of bribery and corruption, is being interrogated by Israeli police. Netanyahu is defensive, calling the interrogators' questions "delusional" and the investigation "preposterous and insane".
Insiders, including investigative journalist Raviv Drucker, believe that the 2018–2022 Israeli political crisis was a direct result of Netanyahu's efforts to avoid prosecution. They also claim that Netanyahu is using the Israel–Hamas war as an instrument to further delay his trial. Drucker is familiar with Netanyahu, having published several investigative reports on Netanyahu in the years before the documentary. Despite decades of corruption allegations, Drucker notes that Netanyahu has never faced prosecution.
Hundreds of witnesses are interrogated throughout the course of the investigation. They state that Netanyahu and his wife, Sara, had been steadily receiving expensive gifts, including jewelry, cigars, and champagne, from wealthy businesspeople, including Arnon Milchan, Sheldon Adelson, and Miriam Adelson. Hadas Klein, Milchan's former assistant, alleges that the gifts were demanded by the Netanyahus like "a supplyment [sic] line". To hide the inflow of gifts, they communicated in code and concealed items in bags and coolers. Netanyahu, however, vehemently denies soliciting any gifts.
Sara Netanyahu is hostile and combative during her interrogation, accusing the police of trying to bring down her husband. Insiders state that Sara is controlling and heavily involved in political matters and decision-making under her husband's premiership. Household workers at Beit Aghion state that Sara created a hostile work environment, with a former housekeeper claiming that she expected the same level of luxury as the White House. Insiders speculate that Netanyahu fears his wife, regularly appeasing her wishes since his 1993 sex tape scandal[he].
Yair Lapid, former Minister of Finance, states that Netanyahu, at the request of Milchan, personally advocated for the extension of a tax exemption that solely benefited Milchan's financial interests. The exemption was marginal, only applying to a few individuals, and Lapid states that it was the only tax regulation that Netanyahu had ever approached him about. In addition to the tax exemption, Klein states that Netanyahu, at Milchan's request, personally contacted U.S. Secretary of StateJohn Kerry and AmbassadorDaniel B. Shapiro to reinstate Milchan's U.S. visa.
In a second case in Netanyahu's trial, Nir Hefetz[he], Netanyahu's former spokesperson, states that Netanyahu gave Shaul Elovitch access to funds to repay a loan in exchange for favorable coverage on Elovitch's news website, Walla! News. Hefetz also states that Yair Netanyahu, Benjamin Netanyahu's son, known for his strict right-wing views, also had influence on Walla's content. In his interrogation, Yair is uncooperative, comparing the Israeli police to the Stasi and Gestapo, and calling the investigation a "witch hunt".
After Netanyahu's indictment in November 2019, he denies the charges and refuses to resign. To maintain his political power, he begins to appeal to the far-right and religious factions, later appointing ultra-nationalistsBezalel Smotrich and Itamar Ben-Gvir to his cabinet. In January 2023, Netanyahu promotes a judicial reform plan to limit the power of the Supreme Court, sparking nine months of widespread protests across Israel. Insiders state that Netanyahu backed the reform plan in an attempt to block his trial, willingly destabilizing and undermining the security of the country in order to evade a jail sentence.
Footage from the October 7 attacks is shown, and insiders believe Netanyahu to be responsible for the attacks, having empowered Hamas in Gaza for years to weaken the Palestinian Authority in the West Bank and believing that "we control the height of the flames". He quotes The Godfather Part II to the interrogators, stating, "Keep your friends close, keep your enemies closer." Insiders believe that the anti-Arab far-right has an incentive to prolong the Israel–Hamas war in order to achieve their goals in Gaza and Southern Lebanon, rather than prioritizing the hostage crisis and reaching a ceasefire. In turn, Netanyahu repeatedly requests his corruption trial to be delayed, citing the ongoing war.
Production
After receiving over 1,000 hours of leaked trial interrogation footage, Gibney approached director Alexis Bloom to make a documentary film together;[3] they had been working on the film prior to the October 7 attacks in 2023.[1][7] Bloom noted that she interviewed many individuals, including former chiefs of staff, heads of Shin Bet, and other senior officials, who were willing to speak with her about Netanyahu, but only off the record. One compared Netanyahu's premiership to the Netflix television series House of Cards.[7] Bloom stated, "Honestly, these stories about Netanyahu are fairly well known in Israel. So many Israelis along the way have said to me, 'You need to get this out to the wider world'."[8]
Release
On September 2, 2024, the film was added to the 2024 Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF) lineup as a work-in progress film, three weeks after the full festival schedule had been released.[5][9] Goodfellas acquired the sales rights on September 6, and it was screened at TIFF on September 9 and 10.[10][11] It was also screened at the 2024 Woodstock Film Festival.[12]
The film initially struggled to secure a distributor due to its controversial nature.[13] However, in October 2024, it was acquired for distribution by September Film in Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg; Dulac Distribution[fr] in France; Against Gravity[pl] in Poland; Filmin in Spain; Dogwoof in the United Kingdom; Madman Entertainment in Australia and New Zealand; PT Falcon in Indonesia; and Teleview in the Middle East and Turkey.[14]
The film had its official world premiere at Doc NYC on November 14, 2024.[14][15] The following day, on November 15, it began a limited theatrical run at the Laemmle Monica Center in Santa Monica, California.[16][17] It was made available to stream on direct-to-consumer film platform Jolt in the United States on December 11, 2024.[18][19]
The film is banned in Israel due to privacy laws.[20][21] Regarding its distribution, Gibney stated, "There's a legal restriction at the moment in Israel, by agreement with the source. Everywhere else in the world, there's no restriction. So, we plan to distribute it as widely as possible and still stay within the bounds of our promise, or my promise, to the source."[8] Despite its legal status, it has been widely pirated and distributed in Israel.[3][22][23]
Netanyahu response
On September 8, 2024, one day before the film's TIFF screening, lawyers representing Netanyahu petitioned the Jerusalem District Court for an injunction against Raviv Drucker, one of the film's producers, for publishing footage from a police interrogation without the court's permission.[1][24] Judge Oded Shaham denied the request on September 9, and the film was screened at TIFF later that day.[25][26] On September 17, 2024, lawyers representing Netanyahu petitioned Israel's Attorney General, Gali Baharav-Miara, and Police Commissioner, Daniel Levy[he], to open an investigation into Drucker. They also requested a gag order to be placed on the leaked trial footage.[27]
Reception
On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, 94% of 18 critics' reviews are positive, with an average rating of 7.90/10.[28]Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the film a score of 73 out of 100, based on 7 critics, indicating "generally favorable" reviews.[29]
Reviewing the film after its TIFF screening, Jason Gorber of Collider rated the film 7 out of 10, calling it a "timely documentary [that] showcases the worst of political power" and "a powerful presentation of the facts without ever devolving into being a mere polemic." He noted the film's lack of new information for most Israeli people, but wrote that "seeing Bibi, his wife, his [son] and others raging against the investigation rather than simply perusing transcripts is a more powerful medium" than simply reading the transcripts of the interrogation. He commented that the film's score felt overwhelming at times and that some of its edits "[got] in the way of the simple facts of the matter being discussed," but commended the film for combining multiple storylines "into a coherent whole."[30] Ofer Matan of Haaretz called the connection between Netanyahu's trial and the Israel-Hamas war "perhaps the film's greatest achievement." He further wrote, "This connection is almost intuitive for Israelis who oppose Netanyahu and protest against him and his government, but it's not obvious, or sometimes even known, to international audiences, including Jewish ones."[31]
Upon the film's official premiere at Doc NYC, Frank Scheck of The Hollywood Reporter called it "a revealing look at the machinations of power" that "paints a damning portrait of arrogance." He noted that critics of Netanyahu would likely be disappointed by the film's lack of new information, but wrote, "Nonetheless, they'll find much to feast on." In addition to the "juicy" interrogation footage of Sara and Yair Netanyahu, Scheck noted the film's inclusion of "incisive and frequently damning commentary" from Nir Hefetz, Ehud Olmert, and Ami Ayalon. He called the testimony of Gili Schwartz, a survivor of the Be'eri massacre, "moving" and "a welcome positive note from a film in which there's plenty of ugliness on display."[32]
Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian rated the film four stars out of five, calling the leaked interrogation footage "extraordinary" and writing, "The film's real power is in the accumulated testimony from others about the Netanyahus' entitlement and paranoia."[33] Tara Brady of The Irish Times also rated the film four stars out of five, calling it a "scathing portrait of Binyamin Netanyahu's alleged history of backhanders."[34] Ben Kenigsberg of The New York Times wrote that the film "takes a thorough, methodical approach to laying out the case against Netanyahu, even if few of its arguments are new." He called the statements of Drucker and Uzi Beller, Netanyahu's childhood friend, "the most potent", but felt that the film's characterization of Sara Netanyahu as "a kind of Lady Macbeth figure" could create excuses for Netanyahu and distance him from accountability.[35]
Arnon Milchan is an Israeli billionaire businessman, film producer and former spy. He has been involved in over 130 full-length motion pictures and is the founder of production company Regency Enterprises. Regency's film credits include 12 Years a Slave,JFK, Heat, Fight Club, and Mr. & Mrs. Smith. Milchan has earned two nominations for the Academy Award for Best Picture, for L.A. Confidential and The Revenant; he also produced Best Picture nominees The Big Short, 12 Years a Slave, and Birdman, with the latter two winning the award in consecutive years. Milchan was also an Israeli intelligence operative from the mid-1960s to the mid-1980s.
Philip Alexander Gibney is an American documentary film director and producer. In 2010, Esquire magazine said Gibney "is becoming the most important documentarian of our time."
Avichai Mandelblit is an Israeli jurist who served as the Attorney General of Israel from 2016 to 2022. Mandelblit had a long career in the Israel Defense Forces legal system, eventually serving as the Chief Military Advocate General between 2004 and 2011. In April 2013, he was appointed Cabinet Secretary. In February 2016, he was appointed Attorney General. In November 2019, following a three-year investigation, Mandelblit formally indicted Israel's sitting Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu on three charges of fraud and breach of trust, and one charge of bribery.
Ari Harow is an American-born Israeli political consultant. He is a former Chief of Staff of Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, and state's witness in a corruption case involving the prime minister.
WikiLeaks began publishing emails leaked from strategic intelligence company Stratfor on 27 February 2012 under the title Global Intelligence Files. By July 2014, WikiLeaks had published 5,543,061 Stratfor emails. Wikileaks partnered with more than 25 world media organisations, including Rolling Stone, L’Espresso and The Hindu to analyse the documents.
Sara Netanyahu is the wife of Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. By profession, she is an educational and career psychologist. She is the spouse of the Prime Minister of Israel holding the role for her third time.
Raviv Drucker is an Israeli journalist, political commentator and investigative reporter.
The Seven Five, also known as Seven Five Precinct, is a 2014 documentary directed by Tiller Russell, and produced by Eli Holzman, Aaron Saidman, and Sheldon Yellen. The film looks at police corruption in the 75th precinct of the New York Police Department during the 1980s. The documentary focuses on Michael Dowd and Patrick Eugene McKenna, both corrupt DEA agents under cover for 10 years, who were arrested in 1987 leading to one of the largest police corruption scandals in New York City history. The documentary uses footage from the Mollen Commission investigation in 1992 and also provides in-depth commentary from Dowd, Ken Eurell, and Adam Diaz, among others. The documentary premiered at DOC NYC November 14, 2014.
There is evidence that corruption is a legitimate problem in Israeli politics and many investigations have taken place into allegations of influence peddling and bribery.
The trial of Benjamin Netanyahu, also known as the Netanyahu-Elovitch-Moses Trial or the Publisher's Trial, began following investigations into allegations of bribery, fraud, and breach of trust by him and close political allies within his inner circle during his fourth and fifth terms as Israel's prime minister. The Israel Police began investigating Netanyahu in December 2016 and subsequently recommended indictments against him.
Death in the Terminal is a 2016 Israeli Rashomon style documentary film by Tali Shemesh and Asaf Sudri, recounting the events of the October 2015 Beersheva bus station shooting.
Yair Netanyahu is an Israeli podcaster and political activist. He is the eldest son of Benjamin Netanyahu.
Events in the year 2020 in Israel.
Distributed Denial of Secrets, abbreviated DDoSecrets, is a nonprofit whistleblower site founded in 2018 for news leaks. The site is a frequent source for other news outlets and has worked on investigations including Cyprus Confidential with other media organizations. In December 2023, the organization said it had published over 100 million files from 59 countries.
Walter Zvi Soriano is a British-Israeli businessman. He is CEO and owner of several companies, including USG Security Ltd., a UK-based firm specializing in litigation support, crisis management and asset tracing, and WSLM, a real estate management company. Soriano is a family friend of Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu.
A series of protests against Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, colloquially referred to as the Balfour Protests or Black Flag Protests, gained prominence in Israel throughout 2020 and 2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic and the ongoing trial of Netanyahu for various corruption scandals. Protesters accused Netanyahu of subjecting the law as part of his fight in criminal proceedings against him. The demonstrators protested against Netanyahu's continued tenure in the shadow of his criminal charges, claims of his preference for personal good over the good of the state, and demands to investigate the "submarine affair". One of the hotspots most identified with the protests was the compound near the Prime Minister's Residence, on Balfour Street in Jerusalem. The protests concluded after the thirty-sixth government of Israel, headed by Naftali Bennett and Yair Lapid in a power-sharing agreement, was sworn in on 13 June 2021, ending Netanyahu's 12-year second tenure as prime minister.
Simcha Dan Rothman is an Israeli lawyer, right-wing activist, and politician. He is currently a member of the Knesset for the far-right National Religious Party–Religious Zionism and the chair of the Knesset's Constitution, Law and Justice Committee.
The 49th annual Toronto International Film Festival was held from September 5–15, 2024.
Oded Shaham is an Israeli jurist who serves as judge of the Jerusalem District Court since August 2012. He is one of the judges presiding over the trial of Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, alongside Rivka Friedman-Feldman and Moshe Bar-Am.
Alexis Bloom is a South African documentary film director and producer. Her works include Bright Lights: Starring Carrie Fisher and Debbie Reynolds (2016) and Divide and Conquer: The Story of Roger Ailes (2018). She has been nominated for three Emmy Awards.
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