2008–2009 Oslo anti-Israel riots

Last updated
2008–2009 Oslo riots
Part of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict
Oslo riot detaines.jpg
Norwegian police officers with arrested rioters, 2009
Location Oslo, Norway
Coordinates 59°54′48″N10°44′20″E / 59.91333°N 10.73889°E / 59.91333; 10.73889
Date29 December 2008 – 10 January 2009
(1 week and 5 days)
Target Jews (primarily), queers, pro-Israel activists, government/police personnel
Attack type
Riots and arson, vandalism, hate crimes
WeaponsStones, Molotov cocktails, bottles, iron rods, fireworks, etc.
No. of participants
Hundreds with direct involvement among thousands of protesters
Defender Oslo Police District
MotiveOutbreak of the Gaza War between Israel and Hamas-led Palestinian militants on 27 December
Accused200+ arrested (mainly Muslims and Blitz-affiliated leftists)
Convicted10 prosecuted and less than 10 convicted

On 29 December 2008, a large-scale series of riots broke out across Oslo, Norway, two days after Israel initiated "Operation Cast Lead" against Palestinian militants in the Gaza Strip. Stemming from ongoing pro-Palestinian protests in the city, the initial riots took place outside of the Embassy of Israel and continued for almost two weeks. The most violent and destructive riots took place on 8 and 10 January, when hundreds or thousands of demonstrators spread throughout Oslo and attacked public and private property (particularly government buildings, McDonald's, and the Oslo Freemasonry Lodge) as well as civilians: the rioters mainly targeted Jews and people suspected of being Jewish, but also attacked people affiliated with the LGBT community and known and suspected pro-Israel activists. Additionally, violent clashes between the demonstrators and Norwegian police officers led to hundreds of injuries. Between 29 December and 10 January, the Oslo Police had arrested around 200 people, mostly Muslims, of whom a significant number were registered asylum seekers. The rioters had been supported by left-wing activists of Blitz.

Contents

Timeline of the riots

On 29 December 2008, around 1,000 anti-Israel protesters moved towards the Israeli embassy in Parkveien, where speeches were held by people including Inga Marte Thorkildsen of the Socialist Left Party. [1] Other organisations behind the demonstration were the Red Party, Red Youth (RU), Socialist Youth (SU) and the Norwegian People's Aid. [2] The protest turned violent when around 100 youth, mainly Blitz activists and "young boys" breached police roadblocks and began throwing Molotov cocktails and stones at the embassy and the police, striking several police officers, amid rioters heard shouting "allahu akbar". [1] [3] [4] Gasoline was drawn from nearby cars to set fire to trash bins that were launched against the police. [1] Three windows of the hairdressing salon of a well-known homosexual was smashed, with circumstances suggesting a hate crime. [5] [6] Police responded by firing tear gas at the rioters, and eventually detained nine youths of which four were arrested, including two asylum seekers. [1] [3]

On 4 January 2009, an anti-Israel demonstration arranged by the Palestine Committee of Norway, Red Party and Blitz began outside the Norwegian parliament building and then moved to the Israeli embassy. Members of the crowd grew violent, and around 200 protesters including Hezbollah supporters began throwing stones and shooting fireworks against the police. The rioters were dispersed by police firing tear gas, after receiving several warnings. [7] [8]

Confrontation between the rioters and police officers, 10 January 2009 Oslo riots 10 January 2009.jpg
Confrontation between the rioters and police officers, 10 January 2009
Police officers engaged in a standoff with Blitz activists, 10 January 2009 Blitz standoff police Oslo riots.jpg
Police officers engaged in a standoff with Blitz activists, 10 January 2009

On 8 January, around 200 police officers were stationed out in anticipation of protests as a peaceful pro-Israel rally arranged by organisations such as With Israel for Peace (MIFF) was to be held outside the Norwegian parliament building, with the Progress Party leader Siv Jensen scheduled to give a pro-Israel speech. [9] During Jensen's speech, anti-Israel activists started throwing rocks at the pro-Israel demonstrators, forcing Jensen to leave the podium. [10] The police used tear gas when rioters attacked a bus that tried to evacuate pro-Israeli activists from the area, which included a large number of elderly demonstrators. [10] A pro-Israel protester was attacked and injured by anti-Israel protesters shouting "take him, he's a Jew", "fucking Jew" and "allahu akbar". [11] Among other slogans, protesters shouted "death to the Jews," "kill the Jews" and "slaughter the Jews" in Arabic. [5] An additional fifteen police officers from the Asker and Bærum police district were eventually brought in for assistance. [12] The final count reported forty shop windows to have been smashed in the riots, and several cars and buses damaged, including fifteen police cars. [13] At least six people were reported to have been injured, of which five police officers, one mutilated in the face by an iron rod. [14] [15] Police said they had found several secret stashes of Molotov cocktails, club weapons and knives throughout Oslo during the evening. [16] 37 mainly immigrant-background rioters were detained by the police, [14] [17] of which fifteen were brought into custody, and nine charged with violence against police. [18]

Police officers inspecting a McDonald's that was accused of "supporting" Israel and attacked by the rioters, 8 January 2009 McDonald's destroyed Oslo riots.jpg
Police officers inspecting a McDonald's that was accused of "supporting" Israel and attacked by the rioters, 8 January 2009

On 9 and 10 January new anti-Israel demonstrations were arranged by an Islamo-leftist alliance of several organisations, including the Workers' Youth League (AUF), Red Party, Red Youth (RU), Socialist Youth (SU), Norwegian People's Aid, Islamic Association, and other pro-Palestine and Muslim organisations. [14] [19] Blitz stated openly that they supported the violent riots. [14] On 10 January, 3,000 demonstrators were joined by the Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions (LO) and Minister of Finance Kristin Halvorsen. [20] [21] The protest soon erupted into new riots as fireworks and rocks were thrown at the police and the Israeli embassy, with at least two people injured and several police officers struck by objects. [20] [22] The violence spread throughout Oslo, and numerous shop windows were smashed and cars damaged. [23] Five McDonald's restaurants were destroyed in the riots because of a false rumor spread by text message that all the money McDonald's earned that day would go to support Israel. [23] [24] Some of the youngest rioters reported to have been told by older youths to "hunt for Jews", with one group severely beating up a shop owner accused of being a Jew. [25] The Oslo Freemasonry Lodge, which hosted a children's Christmas party with 300 people was deliberately attacked with fireworks after crushing a window open, nearly causing a fire. [26] [27] The police detained 160 rioters during the evening, charging eleven with property damage and violence against police. [23]

A total of 194 protesters were arrested during the 8 and 10 January riots. [28] The police stated that they would investigate all the arrested and that most of them would receive fines of 9,000 NOK (around 1,300 USD). [11] [23] In the end, only ten rioters were prosecuted by the police, [29] and less than ten convicted. [30] The Oslo Trade Association called the small number of prosecutions by the police "unacceptable" and "deeply worrying". [29]

Analysis and aftermath

Local shop after being attacked by the rioters, 8 January 2009 Shop windows smashed Oslo riots.jpg
Local shop after being attacked by the rioters, 8 January 2009

In his book The Anti-Jewish Riots in Oslo (2010), Norwegian author and editor Eirik Eiglad, himself a socialist who was present in Oslo during the riots, wrote: [5]

As far as I can judge, these were the largest anti-Jewish riots in Norwegian history. Even before and during World War II, when anti-Semitic prejudices were strong, public policies were discriminatory, and the Nazified State Police efficiently confiscated Jewish property and deported Jews on that despicable slave ship SS Donau - even then, Norway had not seen anti-Jewish outbursts of this scale. This country had no previous history of wanton anti-Jewish mass violence.

Police investigators noted similarities in the modus operandi of the Oslo riots with earlier riots in Paris and in the Middle East. [31]

In cooperation with Norwegian education authorities, Islamic leaders in Norway initiated "dialogue meetings" with youths in mosques following the riots, with the aim of "using the Quran" to reach out to youths who had participated in the riots. [32] Tariq Ramadan later visited Oslo and held speeches in the Rabita Mosque. [30]

The riots have been credited by sociologists for "awakening" young Norwegian Muslims politically. [30] [33] Others have drawn connections to February 2010, when thousands of Oslo taxi drivers blocked the city centre, and 3,000 Muslims took part in an illegal demonstration against newspaper Dagbladet for publishing a Muhammad cartoon in the context of a news story about an internet link (which the newspaper strongly criticised), during which one of the speakers, Mohyeldeen Mohammad "warned" of a 9/11 or 7/7 in Norway. [5] [34]

The riots have later been noted as an important shared experience and common denominator for many members of the Norwegian Salafi-jihadist group Profetens Ummah, and Norwegian jihadists in the Syrian Civil War. [35] One participant in the riots, leftist turned-Muslim convert Anders Cameroon Østensvig Dale went on to become an internationally wanted terrorist as a bomb-maker for Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP). [36] [37]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kristin Halvorsen</span> Norwegian politician

Kristin Halvorsen is a Norwegian politician of the Socialist Left Party. She served as Minister of Finance from 2005 to 2009 and as Minister of Education from 2009 to 2013. She also served as the party's leader from 1997 to 2012 and a member of parliament representing Oslo, from 1989 to 2013.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Erling Folkvord</span> Norwegian politician (1949–2024)

Erling Folkvord was a Norwegian politician for the Red Party and a member of the Parliament of Norway. A revolutionary socialist, he was one of the leading members of the Workers' Communist Party and the Red Electoral Alliance before they merged to form Red. He sat as a member of the Parliament of Norway from 1993 to 1997, becoming the first socialist to the left of the Socialist Left Party and the Labour Party in parliament since 1961. He later lost his position in 1997 and was a candidate for parliament until his death. He was a member of the Oslo City Council from 1983 to 1993, and again from 1999 to 2011. Folkvord became one of the best-known Norwegian politicians on the left who was not connected with the Labour Party and the Socialist Left Party.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Siv Jensen</span> Norwegian politician

Siv Jensen is a Norwegian politician who served as the leader of the Progress Party from 2006 to 2021. She also held the position as Minister of Finance from 2013 to 2020 in the Solberg Cabinet. She was also a member of the Norwegian parliament from Oslo from 1997 to 2021.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Christian Tybring-Gjedde</span> Norwegian MP

Christian Tybring-Gjedde is a Norwegian politician who represented the Progress Party until 2024. He has been a member of the Norwegian parliament since 2005, and was the leader of the Progress Party's Oslo chapter from 2010 to 2014.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Blitz House</span> Norwegian self-managed social centre

The Blitz House is a self-managed social centre hosting left-wing anarchists in Oslo, the capital city of Norway. Founded in 1982 as a squat, it is now legalized and based on Oslo's Pilestredet. It hosts activities such as political meetings, the feminist radio station radiOrakel, a vegan café, and musician practice rooms. The Blitz movement has been involved in a number of protests and riots, and has been attacked by right-wing extremists on numerous occasions.

Erik Andersen, also referred to in the media as The Pocket Man, is a convicted Norwegian child molester from Bergen. He was arrested in 2008, accused of molesting hundreds of children since 1976, and in 2010, he was convicted and sentenced to preventive detention with a minimum term of 9 years, with the possibility of extension for as long as he is deemed a danger to society. He was released in November 2014.

Antisemitism in Norway refers to antisemitic incidents and attitudes encountered by Jews, either individually or collectively, in Norway. The mainstream Norwegian political environment has strongly adopted a platform that rejects antisemitism. However, individuals may privately hold antisemitic views. Currently, there are about 1,400 Jews in Norway, in a population of 5.3 million.

The Norwegian Patriots was a short-lived political party in Norway led by Øyvind Heian whose sole aim was to stop non-western immigration to Norway. The party ran for election limited to the county of Vestfold in the 2009 parliamentary election, where it received a mere 184 votes. The disappointing result lead to the party being "put on ice", and on 23 September it was announced that the party was dissolved.

Stop Islamisation of Norway is a Norwegian anti-Muslim group that was originally established in 2000. Its stated aim is to work against Islam, which it defines as a totalitarian political ideology that violates the Norwegian Constitution as well as democratic and human values. The organisation was formerly led by Arne Tumyr, and is now led by Lars Thorsen.

Mohyeldeen Mohammad is an Iraqi-Norwegian Islamist, and political activist associated with the fundamentalist Profetens Ummah group. He became a controversial figure in Norway after stating that the country is at war with Muslims and warning the Norwegian people with an 11 September happening on Norwegian soil. Since then, his media profile has risen following a series of statements regarding Norway, homosexuality and Islamism. He was formerly a Sharia student at the Islamic University of Madinah in Saudi Arabia, until he was deported from the country in 2011.

The People's Movement Against Immigration is an organisation that works against immigration, based in Norway. The organisation was founded in 1987, and was initially led by Arne Myrdal who was later squeezed out due to his escalating and uncontrollable violent activism. The FMI sees itself as a nonpartisan interest organisation that works to "stop the foreign cultural mass immigration to Norway." According to their own political program, they seek to inform the public, political parties and politicians about the consequences of the mass immigration. The FMI were especially active in the late 1980s and early 1990s, gaining support of the national EU-resistance, but later, its activities and membership has been limited.

Arne Johannes Myrdal was a Norwegian local politician and later a convicted anti-immigration activist. He also saw himself as a very religious man. He had a varied working career, including as a military officer and businessman. He was active in local politics for the Labour Party in the 1960s, until he broke out and founded the local "Øyestad Free Labour Party". In 1981, he came in the public spotlight for having co-written a highly controversial local history book for Øyestad.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Profetens Ummah</span> Islamist organisation based in Norway

Profetens Ummah was a Salafi-jihadist Islamist organisation based in Norway. Since its emergence in late 2011 the group has become notorious for its vocal demonstrations, as well as statements praising Islamic terrorism.

Anders Cameroon Østensvig Dale, also known as Muslim Abu Abdurrahman and Abu Abdurrahman the Norwegian, is a Norwegian Yemen-based terrorist associated with Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP). As of Q3 2023, he is allegedly in prison in Yemen. The foreign ministry (Norway) is refusing to help him get to Norway.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2009 Malmö anti-Israel riots</span>

The 2009 Malmö Davis Cup riots were anti-Israel riots in the Swedish city of Malmö against a Davis Cup tennis match between Sweden and Israel on 7 March 2009.

Geir Eriksen, former names Geir Selvik and Geir Selvik Malthe-Sørenssen, is a Norwegian con artist and convicted felon. He formerly worked as a private investigator for criminal clients, and became known for fabricating material in the Arne Treholt case; it was subsequently revealed that he had engaged in similar fraud in a large number of other cases. He was charged with aggravated fraud and forgery; he pled guilty to all charges and in 2018 was sentenced to three years in prison and to pay 7 million kr in restitution. As of 2021 Malthe-Sørenssen was an inmate at Romerike Prison. He has changed his names several times, but is best known under the name Geir Selvik Malthe-Sørenssen, his legal name from 2010 to 2017. In 2021 his former wife Ida Marie Hansen published the book Jeg var gift med en bedrager about the Malthe-Sørenssen case.

On 24 July 2014, a suspected imminent terror attack by Islamic extremists targeting Norway was disclosed by Norwegian authorities. The suspected plot prompted a public terror alert announcement and unprecedented short-term security measures being introduced in Norway in late July.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Central Jamaat-e Ahl-e Sunnat</span> Mosque in Oslo, Norway

Central Jamaat-e Ahl-e Sunnat is a congregation and mosque of the Pakistani community in Oslo, Norway with 6,000 members, making it the largest mosque in the country. Within Sunni Islam, the mosque is affiliated with Sufism and the Barelvi movement.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Squatting in Norway</span>

Squatting in Norway is taking possession of land or an empty house without the permission of the owner. The first public occupation was Hjelmsgate 3 in 1969 and self-managed social centres which were first squatted and then legalized include the Blitz House, Hausmania and UFFA. Brakkebygrenda was a land squat which has twice been evicted.

Max Jarl Hermansen is a Norwegian anti-Muslim activist, former schoolteacher and military officer. He has written books about military history, and became known in 2015 as the founder and leader of Pegida Norway.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "- Tåregassen var i henhold til reglene". Dagbladet (in Norwegian). 30 December 2008.
  2. ↑ "Skjøt raketter mot ambassaden". Dagbladet (in Norwegian). 29 December 2008.
  3. 1 2 "Fire i arrest etter demonstrasjon mot Israel". Verdens Gang (in Norwegian). 30 December 2008.
  4. ↑ "- Skjøt nyttårsraketter mot politiet ved Israels ambassade". Verdens Gang (in Norwegian). 29 December 2009.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Gerstenfeld, Dr. Manfred (Spring 2010). "2009: Norway's Most Violent Anti-Semitic Riots Ever". Jewish Political Studies Review. 22 (1–2). Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs. Archived from the original on 2010-06-13. Retrieved 2010-04-26.
  6. ↑ "- Som å komme til en krigssone". Aftenposten (in Norwegian). 30 December 2008.
  7. ↑ "Bruker tåregass mot demonstranter utenfor Israels ambassade". Dagbladet (in Norwegian). 4 January 2009.
  8. ↑ "Brukte tåregass på demonstranter" (in Norwegian). NRK. 4 January 2009.
  9. ↑ "Politiet frykter bråk under Israel-demonstrasjon". Verdens Gang (in Norwegian). 8 January 2008.
  10. 1 2 "Politiet bruker tåregass mot demonstranter". Verdens Gang (in Norwegian). 8 January 2009.
  11. 1 2 Klungtveit, Harald S. (9 January 2009). "Ta ham! Jævla jøde!". Dagbladet (in Norwegian).
  12. ↑ "- Ingenting med Gaza å gjøre". Aftenposten (in Norwegian). 9 January 2009.
  13. ↑ "- Pøblene må stoppes nå". Verdens Gang (in Norwegian). 9 January 2009.
  14. 1 2 3 4 "Blitz hilser opprørerne velkommen" (in Norwegian). NRK/NTB. 9 January 2009.
  15. ↑ "- Min kollega fikk jernstang i munnen". Dagbladet (in Norwegian). 10 January 2009.
  16. ↑ "Fant hemmelige våpenlagre i Oslo sentrum". Verdens Gang (in Norwegian). 9 January 2009.
  17. ↑ "Tar ikke avstand fra gatekampene i Oslo". Verdens Gang (in Norwegian). 10 January 2010.
  18. ↑ "Ni siktet for vold mot politiet" (in Norwegian). NRK. 9 January 2009.
  19. ↑ "Ny demonstrasjon: Politiet brukte tåregass - flere pågrepet". Verdens Gang (in Norwegian). 10 January 2009.
  20. 1 2 "160 personer innbrakt av politiet" (in Norwegian). NRK. 10 January 2009.
  21. ↑ "Arrangørene uenige om vaktholdet under demonstrasjonen". Verdens Gang (in Norwegian). 11 January 2009.
  22. ↑ "130 demonstranter innbragt". Aftenposten (in Norwegian). 10 January 2009.
  23. 1 2 3 4 "Pågrepne demonstranter nekter for alt". Verdens Gang (in Norwegian). 11 January 2009.
  24. ↑ "Pøbler angriper McDonalds-restauranter etter Israel-rykter". Verdens Gang (in Norwegian). 10 January 2010.
  25. ↑ "- Vi ble bedt om å jakte jøder på Blindern, sier 12-åring". Dagbladet (in Norwegian). 11 January 2009.
  26. ↑ "Her angriper de juletrefesten". Dagbladet (in Norwegian). 10 January 2009.
  27. ↑ "Satte fyr på Frimurerlosjen - dømt til tre års fengsel". Aftenposten (in Norwegian). 19 October 2011.
  28. ↑ "72 barn deltok i opptøyene" (in Norwegian). NRK. 21 January 2009.
  29. 1 2 "Slipper straff etter Oslo-opptøyer". Verdens Gang (in Norwegian). 25 March 2009.
  30. 1 2 3 "Opptøyene i Oslo vekket unge muslimer politisk" (in Norwegian). Forskning.no. 2 February 2013.
  31. ↑ "Ser likheter mellom opptøyene i Paris, Midtøsten og Oslo". Dagbladet (in Norwegian). 11 January 2009.
  32. ↑ "Bråkmakere i moskeen" (in Norwegian). NRK. 15 January 2009.
  33. ↑ Jacobsen, Christine M.; Andersson, Mette (December 2012). "'Gaza in Oslo': Social imaginaries in the political engagement of Norwegian minority youth". Ethnicities. 12 (6): 821–843. doi:10.1177/1468796812451097. S2CID   145643296.
  34. ↑ "3000 i ulovlig Muhammed-demonstrasjon ved Oslo S". Verdens Gang (in Norwegian). 12 February 2010.
  35. ↑ "Norske jihadister har endret landegrenser". Dagsavisen (in Norwegian). 1 December 2014.
  36. ↑ "Familien tipset politiet om Al Qaida-nordmann" (in Norwegian). NRK. 5 July 2012.
  37. ↑ "Dette er den terrorsiktede nordmannen Anders Dale (35)" (in Norwegian). TV 2. 16 July 2014.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.