2012 Dominican Republic presidential election

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2012 Dominican Republic presidential election
Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg
  2008 20 May 2012 (2012-05-20) 2016  
Turnout70.23% (Decrease2.svg 1.13pp)
  Danilo Medina2.jpg Hipolito mejia (cropped).jpg
Nominee Danilo Medina Hipólito Mejía
Party PLD PRD
Running mate Margarita Cedeño Luis Abinader
Popular vote2,323,1502,129,997
Percentage51.21%46.95%

Map Electoral Dominican Republic (2012).svg
Results by province

President before election

Leonel Fernández
PLD

President-elect

Danilo Medina
PLD

Presidential elections were held in the Dominican Republic on 20 May 2012. [1] They were the fifth quadrennial elections for the presidency and vice-presidency since 1998, when a change in the electoral law separated the presidential from the congressional and municipal elections. [2]

Contents

As specified in the new constitution ratified in January 2010, the presidential elections of 2012 coincided with the election of Overseas Deputies in Dominican expatriate communities. [3] Since 1974 parliamentary and presidential elections had taken place on 16 May every other year. However, the constitutional reform of 2009 stipulated in article 209 that the elections would be held on 20 May 2012 to avoid their falling on a work day. [1] Candidates for the presidency competed for the highest number of votes, with the leader needing more than 50% of valid ballots to avoid a second round. [4]

Danilo Medina of the ruling Dominican Liberation Party was elected president with a majority of votes in the first ballot.

This was the first election to involve participation by Dominican citizens abroad. In addition to voting for the president and vice-president, Dominican expatriates participated in by-elections for seven new seats (within three overseas constituencies) in the Chamber of Deputies. [5]

Background

In 2008 Leonel Fernández of the Dominican Liberation Party defeated candidates Miguel Vargas Maldonado of the Dominican Revolutionary Party; Amable Aristy Castro of the Social Christian Reformist Party; Eduardo Estrella of the Revolutionary Social Democratic Party; Trajano Santana of the Independent Revolutionary Party; Guillermo Moreno of the Movement for Independence, Unity and Change; and Pedro de Jesús Candelier of the Popular Alliance Party in the presidential elections, [6] while the Dominican Liberation Party maintained a considerable majority in both houses of Congress. [7] The main topics of the campaign of 2008 were the issue of reelection, [8] the macroeconomic stability maintained by the Fernández government, [9] and the alleged corruption which dominated the political landscape. [10] The Santo Domingo Metro and other national matters were also important topics, especially during the final months of the campaign. [11]

During Fernández's third presidential term several public works projects were carried out, a second line of the metro was opened, tourism grew, and free-trade zones were expanded. [12] There was a constitutional reform, [13] new judges were appointed to the Supreme Court, [14] and the Electoral and Constitutional Tribunals were created. [15] Several treaties were ratified, including seven bilateral accords with the government of Haiti on the Bolivarian Solidarity Fund to finance projects, border security, commerce, migration, health, the environment, and agriculture, as well as an accord with Colombia on air transport. [16] [17] Also passed was a law granting fiscal amnesty to all employers behind on their payments into the Social Security system; nonetheless, the attempt to apply it in its entirety failed. [18] [19]

In the congressional and municipal elections of 2010, the Dominican Liberation Party won the majority of representatives in both houses of Congress, while the Dominican Revolutionary Party only managed a few seats in the Chamber of Deputies and none in the Senate. [20]

A 2011 poll found that the majority of Dominicans were unhappy with the government. [21] Nevertheless, although many Dominicans believed that Fernández could lead them through the economic difficulties, they showed themselves to be dissatisfied with his program. [22]

The internal crisis of the two main contending parties led to divisions within both of them, unleashing mutual defections among their members. [23] The PRD was afflicted with the most complicated internal conflict. [24] In spite of agreeing to campaign in a civil fashion in a resolution signed by both parties in March 2012, [25] this was not observed and the parties pursued an aggressive campaign strategy. [26]

Electorate

6.5 million Dominican voters were eligible to vote in the 2012 election. [27] There were 14,470 polling places open for the election: 13,865 precincts were located within the Dominican Republic, while an additional 605 precincts were open overseas. [27] Approximately 300,000 expatriates, making up around 5% of the total electorate, were eligible to vote abroad. [28] The election board had set up official precincts for Dominicans voters living in the United States, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, Panama, Switzerland and Venezuela. [27] More than 100,000 of the eligible voters resided in the U.S. state of New York. [29]

Electorate by age and sex

Age RangeWomenMenTotalPercentage
  16–29888,510865,7551,754,26527.0
  30–39747,387727,7601,475,14722.7
  40–49653,423640,0591,293,48219.9
  50 or older1,004,744975,3301,980,07430.4
  Total3,294,0643,208,9046,502,968100

Electorate by province

ProvinceVotersPercentage
Santo Domingo 1,254,52619.29
Distrito Nacional 775,41711.92
Santiago 685,87410.55
San Cristóbal 349,5985.38
La Vega 282,9554.35
Duarte 220,0613.38
Puerto Plata 219,5373.38
San Pedro de Macorís 190,4052.93
Espaillat 169,7042.61
San Juan 169,4542.61
La Romana 152,0902.34
Azua 144,2682.22
Peravia 124,5941.92
Monseñor Nouel 123,7341.90
La Altagracia 121,1191.86
Monte Plata 118,1951.82
Barahona 114,8521.77
Sánchez Ramírez 113,1961.74
Valverde 104,9581.61
María Trinidad Sánchez 100,6441.55
Hermanas Mirabal 83,8781.29
Monte Cristi 76,0031.77
Bahoruco 65,1791.00
Samaná 64,3400.99
Hato Mayor 62,8920.97
El Seibo 55,9090.86
Santiago Rodríguez 47,6050.73
San José de Ocoa 46,5380.72
Dajabón 46,3030.71
Elías Piña 40,6290.62
Independencia 32,4600.50
Pedernales 17,4020.27

Expatriate electorate

CountryVotersPercentage
United States 223,25037.9
Spain 62,67019.1
Lesser Antilles 11,5313.5
Italy 9,5812.9
Venezuela 5,8481.8
Panama 5,4391.6
Switzerland 4,2611.3
Canada 2,6970.8
Netherlands 2,5640.8
France 5200.2
Germany 2880.1

Political parties

A total of 24 political parties were represented on the electoral ballot, including the two large parties and 22 small parties. The small parties are those which do not receive more than 10% of the vote and which are clearly not directly rivaling the main candidates. These parties generally choose to ally themselves with one of the large parties. [30] Thirteen parties were previously rejected by the Central Electoral Commission. [31]

Primary elections

The Dominican Liberation Party and Dominican Revolutionary Party held primary elections with the following results.

Notas [32] [33]

Candidates

Six candidates ran in the election, with former president Hipólito Mejía of the Dominican Revolutionary Party (PRD) and ex-parliamentarian Danilo Medina of the ruling Dominican Liberation Party (PLD) being considered most likely to win. Mejía and Medina had already faced each other in the 2000 election. [34] The constitution barred incumbent president Leonel Fernández of the PLD from running for a third term. [35]

CandidateAgePolitical organizationProclamation of candidacyVice-presidential candidate
Hipólito Mejía 70 Dominican Revolutionary Party 6 March 2011 Luis Abinader
Danilo Medina 60 Dominican Liberation Party 26 June 2011 Margarita Cedeño
Guillermo Moreno 55 Country Alliance 7 August 2011 Chiqui Vicioso
Eduardo Estrella 59 Dominicans for Change 18 September 2011Fauntly Garrido
Max Puig 66 Alliance for Democracy 11 August 2011Luz María Abreu
Julián Serulle 65 Broad Front 5 June 2011Fidel Santana

Results

President

CandidatePartyVotes%
Danilo Medina Dominican Liberation Party and allies2,323,46351.21
Hipólito Mejía Dominican Revolutionary Party and allies2,130,18946.95
Guillermo Moreno García Country Alliance 62,2961.37
Eduardo Estrella Dominicans for Change 9,3430.21
Julián Serulle Broad Front 6,5530.14
Max Puig Alliance for Democracy 5,0660.11
Total4,536,910100.00
Valid votes4,536,91099.34
Invalid/blank votes30,1420.66
Total votes4,567,052100.00
Registered voters/turnout6,502,96870.23
Source: IFES

Overseas deputies

PartyVotes%Seats
Dominican Revolutionary Party 61,61744.744
Dominican Liberation Party 50,70036.813
Social Christian Reformist Party 11,2578.170
Revolutionary Social Democratic Party 1,9501.420
Social Democratic Institutional Bloc 1,8731.360
Country Alliance 1,8381.330
Dominican Workers' Party 8470.610
Quisqueyano Christian Democratic Party 7960.580
Christian Democratic Union 7830.570
Alternative Democratic Movement 6940.500
Dominicans for Change 6520.470
Institutional Democratic Party 5750.420
Alliance for Democracy 5220.380
National Progressive Force 4980.360
Broad Front 4670.340
Christian People's Party 4320.310
People's Democratic Party 4280.310
Dominican Humanist Party 4170.300
National Unity Party 3930.290
Civic Renovation Party 2420.180
Liberal Party of the Dominican Republic 2400.170
Liberal Action Party2160.160
Dominican Social Alliance 1710.120
Green Socialist Party 1240.090
Total137,732100.007
Valid votes137,73298.49
Invalid/blank votes2,1061.51
Total votes139,838100.00
Registered voters/turnout164,53884.99
Source: JCE

Deputies elected

ConstituencyElected memberParty
1ALFREDO ANTONIO RODRÍGUEZ AZCONA Dominican Liberation Party
1JOSÉ ERNESTO MOREL SANTANA Dominican Revolutionary Party
1RUBÉN DARÍO LUNA MARTÍNEZ Dominican Revolutionary Party
2ADELIS DE JESÚS OLIVARES ORTEGA Dominican Revolutionary Party
2LEVIS SURIEL GÓMEZ Dominican Liberation Party
3MARCELO AGUSTÍN MERCEDES MOSCAT Dominican Revolutionary Party
3MARCOS GENARO CROSS SÁNCHEZ Dominican Liberation Party

Reactions

After the PLD declared victory, supporters of Mejía complained about cases of fraud, including vote-buying, and announced to contest the result. Mejía refused to concede to Medina and doubted the result. The PRD representative on the Central Electoral Commission claimed that the official result reflected much fewer votes than Mejía should have had received, and indicated that the head of the commission was a partisan of the PLD. Amid an overall orderly electoral process, there were some reports of adherents of both major parties offering money to voters in exchange for voting for their candidate or for passing their vote cards. Incidents of vote-buying were confirmed by the observers from the Organisation of American States (OAS), headed by Uruguay's ex-president Tabaré Vázquez. However, they considered the cases not sufficient to distort the overall result, and described the election by and large as "successful". [36]

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