In the first millennium BC, Iranian nomads established irrigation systems along the rivers of Central Asia and built towns at Bukhara and Samarqand. These places became extremely wealthy points of transit on what became known as the Silk Road between China and Europe. In the seventh century AD, the Soghdian Iranians, who profited most visibly from this trade, saw their province of Transoxiana (Mawarannahr) overwhelmed by Arabs, who spread Islam throughout the region. Under the Arab Abbasid Caliphate, the eighth and ninth centuries were a golden age of learning and culture in Transoxiana. As Turks began entering the region from the north, they established new states, many of which were Persianate in nature. After a succession of states dominated the region, in the twelfth century, Transoxiana was united in a single state with Iran and the region of Khwarezm, south of the Aral Sea. In the early thirteenth century, that state was invaded by Mongols, led by Genghis Khan. Under his successors, Iranian-speaking communities were displaced from some parts of Central Asia. Under Timur (Tamerlane), Transoxiana began its last cultural flowering, centered in Samarqand. After Timur the state began to split, and by 1510 Uzbek tribes had conquered all of Central Asia.
The Republic of Uzbekistan is a presidential constitutional republic, whereby the President of Uzbekistan is both head of state and head of government. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in the two chambers of the Supreme Assembly, the Senate and the Legislative Chamber. The judicial branch, is composed of the Supreme Court, Constitutional Court, and Higher Economic Court that exercises judicial power.
Shavkat Miromonovich Mirziyoyev is an Uzbek politician who has served as President of Uzbekistan and Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Uzbekistan since 2016. Previously he was the Prime Minister of Uzbekistan from 2003 to 2016.
The Uzbekistan Liberal Democratic Party is a political party in Uzbekistan. During the 2004-2005 legislative election, the party won 41 out of 120 seats, and in the Uzbekistan parliamentary election, 2009–2010, it won 55 out of 150.
The Erk Democratic Party is a political party in Uzbekistan, formed in 1990. It was the first registered political party in the history of Uzbekistan. Its Charter was registered at the Ministry of Justice, Certificate of registration dated September 3, 1991, No. 039, which was signed by the minister Justice of Uzbekistan before the adoption of the law of Uzbekistan on political parties.
A presidential election was held in Uzbekistan on 23 December 2007.
The People's Democratic Party of Uzbekistan is a political party in Uzbekistan. Founded in 1991, the PDP, representing the left wing of the political force of Uzbekistan, supports creation of strong legal state and humane and equitable society in Uzbekistan.
Presidential elections were held in Uzbekistan on 9 January 2000. The result was a victory for incumbent Islam Karimov, who won 95.7% of the vote. Turnout was reported to be 95.1%.
The Jizzakh clan is a political clan based in Jizzakh Province, Uzbekistan and allied with the Samarqand clan. It is led by Abdulaziz Kamilov, former Uzbek President Islam Karimov's presidential advisor and former Foreign Minister.
Presidential elections were held for the first time in Uzbekistan on 29 December 1991. Their result was a victory for Islam Karimov of the People's Democratic Party of Uzbekistan, who won with 87.1% of the vote. Voter turnout was reported to be 94.2%.
A referendum on extending President Islam Karimov's term was held in Uzbekistan on 26 March 1995. The proposal would see Karimov remain in office until 2000. It was approved by 99.6% of voters, with a 99.3% turnout. The referendum was held a few months before Karimov's current term was due to expire as he had been elected in December 1991.
Presidential elections were held in Uzbekistan on 29 March 2015. The result was a victory for incumbent President Islam Karimov, who received over 90% of the vote. Karimov's win gave him a fourth consecutive term as president, dating back to 1990.
Rustam Sadykovich Asimov is an Uzbek politician who was Deputy Prime Minister of Uzbekistan from 2005 to 2017. He served as Minister of Finance from 1998 to 2000 and from 2005 to 2016.
Presidential elections were held in Uzbekistan on 4 December 2016 following the death of incumbent President Islam Karimov on 2 September. The constitution mandated that the election be held within three months of Karimov's death. Interim President Shavkat Mirziyoyev won the elections with 88.6% of the vote. The election was described by the Economist as a sham, and by the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe as lacking "a genuine choice".
Nigmatilla Tulkinovich Yuldashev is an Uzbek lawyer and politician who has served as Chairman of the Senate of Uzbekistan since 2015. Previously he was Minister of Justice from 2011 to 2015.
Tatyana Akbarovna Karimova is an Uzbek economist who held the position of First Lady of Uzbekistan from 1991 until 2016. The widow of former President Islam Karimov, she was a highly influential figure throughout her husband's rule. Karimova, together with Rustam Inoyatov, the head of the National Security Service, was expected to play a key role in choosing Karimov's successor.
Ok Saroy Presidential Palace meaning the White Palace in English is public museum which was the official workplace of Uzbek President Islam Karimov. Under former president Karimov, who served from 1991-2016, the palace was the seat of the executive branch in the country. After his death in 2016, the administration of Shavkat Mirziyoyev, relocated the palace to an estate in Tashkent. The area of the palace is 5460 square meters.
