2022 India–Bangladesh floods

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2022 India–Bangladesh floods
Date23 May 2022 (2022-05-23)–present
LocationIndia (Assam, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Tripura): Bangladesh (Sylhet, Mymensingh, Rangpur, Rajshahi divisions)
CauseHeavy monsoon rains
Deaths318
  • India: 177 [1]
  • Bangladesh: 141 [2]
Property damageIndia:
  • 4,000+ villages
  • 113,000 hectares of crop area

Bangladesh:

  • 53,000 hectares of crop area

Beginning in May 2022, deadly floods hit north eastern India and Bangladesh. Over 9 million people in both countries have been affected, and around 300 people have been killed. [3] [4]

Contents

As of 22 June 2022, millions of people across the affected areas are reported to be in urgent need of food and medicine. [5]

Background

Bangladesh and northeastern India, especially Assam, are mainly flat floodplains with numerous rivers flowing across them, the most prominent of which are the Ganga (called Padma in Bangladesh) and Brahmaputra (called Jamuna in Bangladesh). Other major river systems in the region include the Barak-Surma-Kushiyara river system, which flows through northeastern Bangladesh and the Barak Valley of Assam. Due to the large volumes of water coming from the Himalayas and the heavy monsoon rains, flooding is a regular occurrence in this region. At the time of the floods, a La Nina event was active in the Pacific meaning India and Bangladesh would receive heavier monsoon showers. Beginning in May 2022, deadly floods hit northeastern India and Bangladesh. Over 9 million people in both countries have been affected, and around 150 have been killed.[1][2]

2022 India–Bangladesh floods Date 23 May 2022 to present Location India (Assam, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Tripura): Bangladesh (Sylhet, Mymensingh, Rangpur, Rajshahi divisions) Cause Heavy monsoon rains Deaths 250+ India: Assam: 170+ Other northeastern states: 30+ Bangladesh: 80+ Property damage India: 4,000+ villages 113,000 hectares of crop area Bangladesh:

53,000 hectares of crop area Website [1] Millions of people across the affected areas are reported to be in urgent need of food and medicine.[3] [6]

Around 40% of Assam's area is a flood plain, which is also roughly 10% of India's total flood-prone area. According to ISRO, nearly 30% of Assam's land area have been flooded at least once from 1998 to 2015. Heavy rainfall and settling of sediments plays a major role in rising the water level of the Brahmaputra river and its tributaries. Also, according to a survey, the Brahmaputra have widening yearly due to erosion, which also makes the flooding worse. [7]

Events

India

Assam Floods

Assam Floods 2022
Time-lapse, Assam Floods 2022.gif
A satellite image time-lapse of the flood from 1 July 2022 to 16 July 2022 of Barpeta.
DateApril 6, 2022 (2022-04-06) to October 2022 (2022-10)
Deaths197
Property damage~ ₹1,000 crore, ~$ 1.2 Billion [8] Damage to 108,308 Hectares of Crop land.

Assam Floods 2022 ( অসমীয়া (Assamese) : - অসমৰ বানপানী ২০২২) is one of the worst floods ever seen in Assam in the decade which lasted for almost 7 Months ( From April 2022 to October 2022 ) in a series of waves. [9]

The main causes for the floods are the Pre-Monsson rains which were started from 6 April 2022 across the state and the Monsoon Season there after. [10]

In total around 5.6 million people got affected, 4.7 million people got displaced, Crop land of 108,308 Hectares got damaged, 3,660,173 animals got affected and 32 districts in the state : - Bajali, Baksa, Barpeta, Biswanath, Bongaigaon, Cachar, Chirang, Darrang, Dhemaji, Dhubri, Dibrugarh, Dima Hasao, Goalpara, Golaghat, Hailakandi, Hojai, Kamrup, Kamrup (Metro), Karbi Anglong, West Karbi Anglong , Karimganj, Kokrajhar, Lakhimpur, Majuli, Morigaon, Nagaon, Nalbari, Sivasagar, Sonitpur, South Salmara, Tamulpur, Tinsukia and Udalguri got affected by the floods. . [11]

Impact
A flooded railway station during the floods Flooded railway station, Assam Floods 2022.jpg
A flooded railway station during the floods
A flooded village submerged under floodwater Flooded village, Assam Floods 2022.jpg
A flooded village submerged under floodwater
An Army vehicle got stuck in the floodwater Stucked Army Vehicle, Assam Floods 2022.jpg
An Army vehicle got stuck in the floodwater

The first wave of the floods, caused by the excessive rains in May 2022, due to which flooding was seen in 27 districts. Soil erosion happened in large scale across various places in the state. Around 670,000 people got affected by the first wave. [12]

The second wave of the floods, which lasted from June 2022 to September 2022, due to "Monsoon season", caused the Brahmaputra, Barak and other major rivers in the state to overflow which eroded the river banks and also the houses present their. Around 1,100 houses got completely destroyed and 7,000 houses got partially damaged. Landslides were also observed in 6 districts: - Dima Hasao, Goalpara, Kamrup, Kamrup (Metro), Morigaon and Cachar. Over 90,000 people got affected in the second wave of the floods. [13]

The third wave of the floods, the last wave, in October 2022, caused the low-lying areas near the riverbanks to get flooded with rainwater and again extensive erosion was observed. Around 70,000 people got affected in the third wave. [14]

Several Japanese encephalitis cases were reported across the state during the floods which raised the fear of spread of Water Borne Diseases across the state. [15]

Assam's second largest city, Silchar, have been inundated for six days. [16]

Railway lines were also affected due to flooding and landslides. [17]

Rescue Operations
A rescue boat transporting people to safer places Rescue boat, Assam Floods 2022.jpg
A rescue boat transporting people to safer places
IRCS volunteers distributing relief material in Bongaigaon district, Assam Distribution of relief material, Assam Floods 2022.jpg
IRCS volunteers distributing relief material in Bongaigaon district, Assam
Food reserve at a Relief distribution center. Distribution of food, Assam floods 2022.jpg
Food reserve at a Relief distribution center.

In response to the floods, the Union Government of India made an Inter Ministerial Central Team (IMCT) which visited the flood hit areas two times, 26 May 2022 to 29 May 2022 and 30 June 2022 to 3 July 2022 respectively and conducted surveys to estimate the losses caused by the flood. The Union Government after that dispatched a financial aid of ₹648.48 crore to Assam Government to provide shelter to those who lost their homes in the floods. [18]

The Indian Arm Forces, National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) and State Disaster Response Force of Assam (SDRF) started conducting relief and rescue operations from June 2022. [19]

The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent (IFRC) allocated 621,547 CHF (Swiss Franc) to the Indian Red Cross Society (IRCS) to conduct relief operations and distribute relief materials like food, water, mosquito nets, hygienic kits etc. In total, over 4,075 relief camps and 5,802 relief distribution centers were established. [20]

Others

Another spurt of heavy rains hit the state in June. By 17 June 2022, it was reported that 20 people had been killed in floods and landslides in Assam and 18 in Meghalaya. [21] The hill stations of Cherrapunji and Mawsynram recorded their highest rainfall since the 1940s. [22] In Arunachal Pradesh, heavy rains and landslides have affected many districts across the state and have killed one and resulted in three missing. [23] [24]

In Tripura, flooding in several rivers has caused 12,000 people to leave their homes. [25]

As of 21 June, the death toll increased above 130 in northeast India. 18% of Kaziranga National Park have been submerged. More than 6 lakh people have been affected in Meghalaya.[ citation needed ]

18 people have died in Arunachal Pradesh. [26]

In August, at least 36 people died in floods in Himachal Pradesh. Four people were killed and 13 were missing in the neighbouring state of Uttarakhand. [27]

Bangladesh

In Bangladesh, floods from the Barak and Kushiyara rivers have mainly impacted the northeastern Sylhet and Sunamganj districts and as of 20 June have killed over 32 people. The floods have submerged over 53,000 hectares of agricultural land, damaging the crops. After the area was submerged in water, many fish could be seen floating from the flooded ponds and reservoirs. Due to the floods, the teaching activities of 640 educational institutions in Sylhet have been disrupted. In Sylhet district 55 unions were completely and 15 unions were partially flooded. [28] On 22 May, it was reported that the flood situation in Sylhet had not changed much. There is a shortage of clean water in the flood-hit areas. Dams in different areas are weakened by severe floods. [29] In June, at least 500 villages in different parts of Sylhet district were damaged and at least four lakh people were stranded. [30] Power supply has been cut off in Sylhet and Sunamganj districts. [31] As of June 18, the flood situation in the Sylhet region has further deteriorated. [32]

The Bangladesh Army is working to help with the second phase of flood situation of Sylhet in June. [33] Secondary School Certificate exams to be held in the country have been cancelled due to deteriorating flood situation. [34] Operations at Osmani International Airport and Sylhet railway station have been suspended due to flood waters entering the airport and station area. [35] [31]

In northern Bangladesh, the Teesta and Jamuna have both risen, flooding large parts of Lalmonirhat and Kurigram districts. [36]

On 20 June, Reuters reported that the flooding had stranded over nine million people, including 45 lakh in Bangladesh and 47 lakh in Assam. [37]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brahmaputra River</span> River in Tibet, India and Bangladesh

The Brahmaputra is a trans-boundary river which flows through Tibet (China), Northeastern India, and Bangladesh. It is known as Brahmaputra or Luit in Assamese,Yarlung Tsangpo in Tibetan, the Siang/Dihang River in Arunachali and Jamuna River in Bengali. It is the 9th largest river in the world by discharge, and the 15th longest.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Assam</span> State in northeastern India

Assam is a state in northeastern India, south of the eastern Himalayas along the Brahmaputra and Barak River valleys. Assam covers an area of 78,438 km2 (30,285 sq mi). The state is bordered by Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh to the north; Nagaland and Manipur to the east; Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoram and Bangladesh to the south; and West Bengal to the west via the Siliguri Corridor, a 22-kilometre-wide (14 mi) strip of land that connects the state to the rest of India. Assamese and Boro are the official languages of Assam, while Bengali is an official language in the three districts of Barak Valley.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Northeast India</span> Group of Northeastern Indian states

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">2007 Chittagong mudslides</span> 2007 natural disaster in Chittagong, Bangladesh

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">2007 South Asian floods</span> Natural disaster impacting large numbers of people in various Asian countries

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eastern South Asia</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">2017 West Bengal floods</span>

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The Brahmaputra floods refers to a catastrophic flood event that occurred in 2012 along the Brahmaputra River and its tributaries, as well as in subsequent years.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">2020 Assam floods</span> Natural disaster in Northeast India

2020 Assam floods refers to the significant flood event of the Brahmaputra River in the Indian north-eastern state of Assam and coincided with the COVID-19 pandemic. Initial flooding started in May 2020 due to heavy rainfall affecting 30,000 and destroying crops across 5 districts. As of October 2020 the floods affected over five million people, claiming the lives of 123 people, with an additional 26 deaths due to landslides, 5474 villages were affected and over one hundred and fifty thousand people found refuge in relief camps.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bengali Hindus in Assam</span> Bengali Hindu community in Assam.

Bengali Hindus are the second-largest Hindu community just after Assamese Hindus in Assam. As per as estimation research, around 6–7.5 million Bengali Hindus live in Assam as of 2011, majority of whom live in Barak Valley and a significant population also resides in Assam's mainland Brahmaputra/Assam valley. Most Bengalis in Assamese-dominated Brahmaputra valley are immigrants from neighbouring East Bengal and Tripura, while Bengalis in Barak Valley region of Assam are mostly native. Assam host the second-largest Bengali Hindu population in India after West Bengal.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2022 South Asian floods</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">2023 South Asian floods</span>

Flooding affected parts of South Asia since March of 2023, killing many and destroying buildings.

References

  1. ↑ "Death Toll in Assam and Bihar Floods Touches 170, Both States Continue to Battle Heavy Deluge". 4 July 2022.
  2. ↑ "Flood death toll rises to 141 in Bangladesh". Dhaka Tribune . 22 August 2022.
  3. ↑ Ehlinger, Maija; Sehgal, Kunal; Akbarzai, Sahar (20 June 2022). "Millions impacted by monsoon flooding in Bangladesh and India". CNN. Retrieved 20 June 2022.
  4. ↑ Singh, Karan Deep; Hasnat, Saif (20 June 2022). "Ruinous Flooding in India and Bangladesh Kills at Least 116". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  5. ↑ "Live Update :Bangladesh, India floods kill over 100; millions in need of aid", Al Jazeera , retrieved 22 June 2022
  6. ↑ Roy, Pinaki (21 June 2022). "La Nina behind floods in Bangladesh". The Daily Star. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  7. ↑ Sumeda (25 June 2022). "Explained | Assam's annual tryst with devastating floods". The Hindu. ISSN   0971-751X . Retrieved 26 June 2022.
  8. ↑ ""Property loss by Assam Floods 2022'". www.thehindu.com. Retrieved 3 July 2022.
  9. ↑ ""One of the worst flood in the decade"". www.guwahatiplus.com. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
  10. ↑ ""Causes of the floods"". www.ndrf.gov.in. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
  11. ↑ ""Human Displacement, Assam Floods 2022"". www.bbc.com. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  12. ↑ ""First wave destruction"". www.indiatoday.in. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
  13. ↑ ""Assam floods, second wave"". www.thehindu.com. Retrieved 18 June 2022.
  14. ↑ ""The third wave, Assam Floods 2022"". www.ndtv.com. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
  15. ↑ ""Spread of water borne Diseases"". economictimes.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 9 July 2022.
  16. ↑ "Assam floods: Four more deaths reported as Silchar remains inundated for sixth day". TimesNow. Retrieved 26 June 2022.
  17. ↑ Chaudhary, Shiva (24 May 2022). "Assam Floods: In Big Relief, Centre Sanctions Rs 180 Cr For Restoration Of Railway Network In Dima Hasao". thelogicalindian.com. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
  18. ↑ ""Centre Dispatched financial aid to assam Government"". www.eastmojo.com. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
  19. ↑ ""Army, NDRF and SDRF Conducts rescue operations."". www.aninews.in. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  20. ↑ "Disaster Response Emergency Fund (DREF) Report". reliefweb.int. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
  21. ↑ "Floods & landslides claim 20 lives in Assam, Meghalaya". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 19 June 2022.
  22. ↑ "Assam Floods: 11 Die In Last 24 Hours, Over 4.5 Million Affected". NDTV.com. Retrieved 20 June 2022.
  23. ↑ "Arunachal floods: One killed, three missing after landslides". EastMojo. Press Trust of India. 20 June 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  24. ↑ "Assam floods, landslides claim 62 lives so far; nearly 31 lakh affected across 32 districts". Mid-day. 19 June 2022. Retrieved 19 June 2022.
  25. ↑ "Slight Improvement in Tripura Flood Situation, One Feared Washed Away". News18. 19 June 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  26. ↑ Tribune, The Assam (30 June 2022). "One more death due to landslides in Arunachal, toll rises to 18". assamtribune.com. Retrieved 4 July 2022.
  27. ↑ "Northern India: 40 killed in floods and landslides as forecasters warn of more heavy rain to come". Sky News. Retrieved 22 August 2022.
  28. ↑ "সিলেটে বন্যা পরিস্থিতির অবনতি, ৮৬ ইউনিয়ন প্লাবিত". banglanews24.com (in Bengali). 20 May 2022. Retrieved 22 May 2022.
  29. ↑ "সিলেটে সার্বিক বন্যা পরিস্থিতি অপরিবর্তিত". Daily Ittefaq (in Bengali). 22 May 2022.
  30. ↑ "সিলেটে বন্যা পরিস্থিতির আরও অবনতি, বাড়ছে নদ-নদীর পানি". Prothom Alo (in Bengali). 16 June 2022.
  31. 1 2 "সিলেট রেলস্টেশনে বন্যার পানি, ট্রেন-বাস চলাচল বন্ধ". Bangla Tribune (in Bengali). 18 June 2022.
  32. ↑ "সিলেটের বন্যা পরিস্থিতি আরও ভয়াবহ". Banglanews24.com (in Bengali). 18 June 2022.
  33. ↑ "সিলেটে বন্যা নিয়ন্ত্রণে সেনাবাহিনী মোতায়েন". The Daily Star (in Bengali). 17 June 2022.
  34. ↑ "বন্যা: সিলেট, সুনামগঞ্জে ভয়াবহ পরিস্থিতিতে লাখ লাখ মানুষ, বিচ্ছিন্ন সুনামগঞ্জ". BBC (in Bengali). 17 June 2022.
  35. ↑ "বন্যা : সিলেট বিমানবন্দরে ফ্লাইট ওঠানামা বন্ধ". Naya Diganta (in Bengali). 17 June 2022.
  36. ↑ "Fodder crisis forcing flood hit farmers in Kurigram, Lalmonirhat to sell livestock for cheap". The Daily Star. 21 June 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  37. ↑ Paul, Ruma; Hussain, Zarir (20 June 2022). "Bangladesh military scrambles to reach millions marooned after deadly flooding". Reuters. Retrieved 20 June 2022.
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