2025 North Indian Ocean cyclone season

Last updated

2025 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
2025 North Indian Ocean cyclone season summary.png
Season summary map
Seasonal boundaries
First system formed24 May 2025
Last system dissipatedSeason ongoing
Strongest storm
NameBOB 01
  Maximum winds55 km/h (35 mph)
(3-minute sustained)
  Lowest pressure988 hPa (mbar)
Seasonal statistics
Depressions6
Deep depressions1
Total fatalities65
Total damageUnknown
Related articles
North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone seasons
2023, 2024, 2025, 2026 , 2027

The 2025 North Indian Ocean cyclone season is an ongoing event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation. The North Indian Ocean cyclone season has no official bounds, but cyclones tend to form between April and December, with the peak from May to November. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northern Indian Ocean.

Contents

The scope of this article is limited to the Indian Ocean in the Northern Hemisphere, east of the Horn of Africa and west of the Malay Peninsula. There are two main seas in the North Indian Ocean — the Arabian Sea to the west of the Indian subcontinent, abbreviated ARB by the India Meteorological Department (IMD); and the Bay of Bengal to the east as BOB. The systems that form over land are abbreviated as LAND.

The official Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre in this basin is the IMD, while the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) releases unofficial advisories. On average, four to five cyclonic storms form in this basin every season. [1]

Season summary

2025 North Indian Ocean cyclone season

Systems

Depression ARB 01

Depression (IMD)
ARB01 2025-05-24 0200Z.jpg   ARB01 2025 path.png
Duration24 May – 25 May
Peak intensity45 km/h (30 mph) (3-min);
997  hPa  (mbar)

On 21 May, a tropical disturbance designated as Invest 93A formed in the Arabian Sea near the west coast of India, approximately 165 nautical miles (306 km) south-southwest of Mumbai. Favorable environmental conditions including warm sea surface temperatures and moderate wind shear allowed the system to gradually consolidate. The India Meteorological Department (IMD) forecasted its intensification into a cyclonic storm within 2 to 3 days, prompting orange and yellow weather warnings along the Konkan and Gujarat coasts, as well as widespread rainfall alerts across Kerala. This system marked the onset of tropical cyclone activity in the North Indian Ocean basin for the 2025 season. [2]

Under the influence of the tropical disturbance, a low pressure area formed over the eastern Arabian Sea off the southern Konkan-Goa coasts by 05:30 IST on 22 May. [3] By 05:30 IST on 23 May, it became a well marked low pressure area off the southern Konkan coast and persisted over the same region as of 08:30 IST. [4] The system organised into a depression by 05:30 IST on 24 May about 40 km northwest of Ratnagiri. [5] Over the next 6 hours, the depression moved slowly eastward at a speed of 5 km/h and between 11:30 and 12:30 IST it made landfall, crossing the south Konkan coast near Ratnagiri. The maximum sustained windspeed at the time was 25 knots (46 km/h) gusting to 35 knots (65 km/h). [6] The system then moved eastwards inland and [7] by 05:30 IST on 25 May, the system had weakened back into a well marked low pressure area over southern Madhya Maharastra and the adjoining regions of Marathwada and Karnataka. [8]

Deep Depression BOB 01

Deep depression (IMD)
BOB01 2025-05-29 0830Z.jpg   BOB01 2025 path.png
Duration29 May – 30 May
Peak intensity55 km/h (35 mph) (3-min);
988  hPa  (mbar)

A low pressure area formed over northwest Bay of Bengal off the coast of Odisha at 08:30 IST on 27 May. [9] Favorable environmental conditions including warm sea surface temperatures, moderate vertical wind shear over the system and the presence of warm air over Gangetic West Bengal and Bangladesh allowed it to gradually consolidate. However, the strong wind shear in the region due to the advancing southwest monsoon and insufficient time over sea before landfall limited its intensification. It became well marked at 05:30 IST on 28 May and persisted over the same region. [10] By 05:30 IST on 29 May, the system coalesced into a depression near the coasts of West Bengal and Bangladesh. [11] Thereafter, the depression moved nearly northwards and by 08:30 IST on the same day, it intensified into a deep depression. [12] Over the next 6 hours, the system continued to move nearly northwards and made landfall on the West Bengal–Bangladesh coast between Sagar Island and Khepupara, close to Raidighi. Its maximum sustained windspeed at the time was 30 knots (56 km/h) gusting to 40 knots (74 km/h). [13] It then tracked north-northeastward inland, [14] and by 05:30 IST on 30 May the system had weakened back into a depression over Bangladesh. [15] By 17:30 IST on the same day, it had degenerated into a well marked low over Meghalaya due to interaction with rugged terrain. [16]

As a result of the system, Noakhali received 168 mm (6.6 in) [17] and Dhaka 88 mm (3.5 in) of rainfall on 29 May. [18] The same day, Kolkata received light to moderate rainfall with Jinjirabazar receiving 23 mm (0.91 in) of rainfall in a timespan from noon to 20:00 IST. [19] It caused floods and landslides which killed 61, left 10 missing and affected 6.1 million people in India, with 27 deaths in Assam, [20] 12 in Arunachal Pradesh, 6 each in Meghalaya and Mizoram, 4 in Manipur, 3 in Sikkim, 2 in Tripura and 1 in Nagaland. [21] Four additional deaths occurred in Bangladesh, including 2 in Dhaka and 1 in Moheshkhali, while 8 others went missing when a trawler sank near Kutubdia. In Moheshkhali and Kutubdia, over 100 homes and farmland were flooded. [22] Another person was killed by a collapsing wall, 11 were injured by lightning strikes, over 1,400 homes were damaged and 53 landslides were observed across 33 Rohingya refugee camps. [23] The system brought heavy rainfall and strong winds to Myanmar as well. As a result, 26 homes were destroyed and 22 others were damaged in Yegyi and Dedaye Townships. [24]

Depression BOB 02/LAND 03

Depression (IMD)
BOB02 2025-07-14 0728Z.jpg   BOB02 2025 path.png
Duration14 July – 20 July
Peak intensity45 km/h (30 mph) (3-min);

On 14 July, a circulation previously marked as a well-defined low consolidated into a depression while over West Bengal, near Bangladesh, at 06:00 UTC, according to the IMD. [25] It weakened to a well-defined low on 16 July. [ citation needed ] It re-intensified to a depression on the next day. [26]

Depression LAND 01

Depression (IMD)
LAND01 2025-07-15 0446Z.jpg   LAND01 2025 path.png
Duration15 July – 16 July
Peak intensity35 km/h (25 mph) (3-min);

On 13 July, an upper air cyclonic circulation developed over parts of north Madhya. The IMD forecasted a low-pressure area to form under its influence over northwest Madhya during the next 24 hours.

Sometime during the late hours of 13 July or the early hours of 14 July, the forecasted low-pressure area formed over northwest Madhya, the active monsoon trough contributing to its rapid development. [27]

On 15 July, the low pressure area became well-marked as of 08:30 IST (03:00 UTC) over parts of north Rajasthan and concentrated into a depression. [28] The IMD forecasted the newly-formed depression to move west-northwestwards during the next 24 hours across parts of north Rajasthan. On 16 July, the depression weakened into a well-marked low over northwest Rajasthan at 05:30 IST (00:00 UTC) due to loss of moisture and topographical interaction. [29]

The IMD issued red alerts across Rajasthan due to heavy forecasted rain. Isolated extremely heavy rainfall (over 21 cm) was forecasted by the IMD in southwest Rajasthan and north Gujarat. The highest rainfall recorded as a result of the depression was 234 mm in Nainwa of the Bundi district. [30] 10 casualties were reported. [31] The depression contributed to widespread flooding and financial losses. Many villages were cut off as rivers, drains, and dams overflowed. [32] 17 people became stranded in the Banas River of Tonk, but were fortunately rescued by authorities. [32] Flash floods across cities like Kota and Jaipur affected Rajasthan's economy, damaging roads and submerging farmlands. [33]

Depression BOB 04

Depression (IMD)
BOB04 2025-07-25 0632Z.jpg   BOB04 2025 path.png
Duration25 July – 27 July
Peak intensity45 km/h (30 mph) (3-min);
988  hPa  (mbar)

The remnants of Wipha continued developing over the North Indian Ocean on 23 July. On 25 July, the low pressure area over Northwestern part of the Bay of Bengal concentrated into a depression by the IMD at 05:30 IST (00:00 UTC).

As a result of the depression, Pagladanga in Kolkata recorded 186 mm (7.3 in) in a 15 hour period from 24 July to 25 July, while Alipore recorded 120 mm (4.7 in) in a 24 hour period. [34] Gusts of 50 km/h (31 mph; 27 kn) were also reported from the city. [34] Many parts of the city were waterlogged. [34]

Depression BOB 05

Depression (IMD)
BOB 05 2025-08-18 0630Z.jpg   BOB05 2025 path.png
Duration18 August – 19 August
Peak intensity35 km/h (25 mph) (3-min);
993  hPa  (mbar)

On 17 August, a low pressure area formed over the northwestern Bay of Bengal off the coasts of north Andhra and south Odisha under the influence of an upper air cyclonic circulation located over the same area as of 08:30 IST (03:00 UTC) according to the IMD. [35]

The IMD began to track the system as it developed further, forecasting the low pressure area to concentrate into a depression. [35] On 18 August, the low pressure area became well-marked as of 05:30 IST (00:00 UTC), persisting over the same regions. [36] It concentrated into a depression as of 17:30 IST (12:00 UTC). [37]

The IMD forecasted the newly-formed depression to move northwestwards and make landfall along south Odisha and north Andhra coasts around 08:30 IST (03:00 UTC) on 19 August. This prompted the IMD to issue orange and yellow rainfall alerts to districts across Odisha and Andhra Pradesh. [37] After it moved inland, it degenerated into a well marked low the next day. [38]

Storm names

Within this basin, a tropical cyclone is assigned a name when it is judged to have reached cyclonic storm intensity with winds of 65 km/h (40 mph). The names were selected by a new list from the Regional Specialized Meteorological Center in New Delhi by mid year of 2020. [39] There is no retirement of tropical cyclone names in this basin as the list of names is only scheduled to be used once before a new list of names is drawn up. Should a named tropical cyclone move into the basin from the Western Pacific, then it will retain its original name. The next eight available names from the List of North Indian Ocean storm names are below. [40]

  • Shakhti (unused)
  • Montha (unused)
  • Senyar (unused)
  • Ditwah (unused)
  • Arnab (unused)
  • Murasu (unused)
  • Akvan (unused)
  • Kaani (unused)

Season effects

This is a table of all storms in the 2025 North Indian Ocean cyclone season. It mentions all of the season's storms and their names, duration, peak intensities according to the IMD storm scale, damage, and death totals. Damage and death totals include the damage and deaths caused when that storm was a precursor wave or extratropical low. All of the damage figures are in 2025 USD.

NameDatesPeak intensityAreas affectedDamage
(USD)
DeathsRefs
Category Wind speedPressure
ARB 0124–25 MayDepression45 km/h (30 mph)997 hPa (29.44 inHg) Western India, South India, Lakshadweep UnknownNone
BOB 0129–30 MayDeep depression55 km/h (35 mph)988 hPa (29.18 inHg) Northeast India, East India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Bhutan Unknown65
BOB 02/LAND 0314–20 JulyDepression45 km/h (30 mph)Not specified East India, Myanmar, Northeast India, Bangladesh, Central India, Northwest India, Pakistan UnknownNone
LAND 0115–16 JulyDepression35 km/h (25 mph)Not specified Northwest India, Pakistan UnknownNone
BOB 0425–27 JulyDepression45 km/h (30 mph)988 hPa (29.18 inHg) Myanmar, Bangladesh, Central India, East India UnknownNone
BOB 0518–19 AugustDepression35 km/h (25 mph)993 hPa (29.32 inHg) East India UnknownNone
Season aggregates
6 systems24 May – Season ongoing55 km/h (35 mph)988 hPa (29.18 inHg)Unknown65

See also

References

  1. "Annual Frequency of Cyclonic Disturbances (Maximum Wind Speed of 17 Knots or More), Cyclones (34 Knots or More) and Severe Cyclones (48 Knots or More) Over the Bay of Bengal (BOB), Arabian Sea (AS) and Land Surface of India" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
  2. "Joint Typhoon Warning Center". JTWC,NOAA . 22 May 2025.
  3. "TROPICAL WEATHER OUTLOOK FOR THE NORTH INDIAN OCEAN (THE BAY OF BENGAL AND THE ARABIAN SEA) VALID FOR THE NEXT 168 HOURS ISSUED AT 0700 UTC OF 22.05.2025 BASED ON 0300 UTC OF 22.05.2025" (PDF). 23 May 2025.
  4. "TROPICAL WEATHER OUTLOOK FOR THE NORTH INDIAN OCEAN (THE BAY OF BENGAL AND THE ARABIAN SEA) VALID FOR THE NEXT 168 HOURS ISSUED AT 0700 UTC OF 23.05.2025 BASED ON 0300 UTC OF 23.05.2025" (PDF). 24 May 2025.
  5. "TROPICAL WEATHER OUTLOOK FOR THE NORTH INDIAN OCEAN (THE BAY OF BENGAL AND THE ARABIAN SEA) VALID FOR THE NEXT 168 HOURS ISSUED AT 0300 UTC OF 24.05.2025 BASED ON 0000 UTC OF 24.05.2025" (PDF). 24 May 2025.
  6. "TROPICAL WEATHER OUTLOOK FOR THE NORTH INDIAN OCEAN (THE BAY OF BENGAL AND THE ARABIAN SEA) VALID FOR THE NEXT 168 HOURS ISSUED AT 0900 UTC OF 24.05.2025 BASED ON 0600 UTC OF 24.05.2025" (PDF). 25 May 2025.
  7. "TROPICAL WEATHER OUTLOOK FOR THE NORTH INDIAN OCEAN (THE BAY OF BENGAL AND THE ARABIAN SEA) VALID FOR THE NEXT 168 HOURS ISSUED AT 1500 UTC OF 24.05.2025 BASED ON 1200 UTC OF 24.05.2025" (PDF). 25 May 2025.
  8. "TROPICAL WEATHER OUTLOOK FOR THE NORTH INDIAN OCEAN (THE BAY OF BENGAL AND THE ARABIAN SEA) VALID FOR THE NEXT 168 HOURS ISSUED AT 0700 UTC OF 24.05.2025 BASED ON 0300 UTC OF 25.05.2025" (PDF). 25 May 2025.
  9. "TROPICAL WEATHER OUTLOOK FOR THE NORTH INDIAN OCEAN (THE BAY OF BENGAL AND THE ARABIAN SEA) VALID FOR THE NEXT 168 HOURS ISSUED AT 0700 UTC OF 27.05.2025 BASED ON 0300 UTC OF 27.05.2025" (PDF). 28 May 2025.
  10. "TROPICAL WEATHER OUTLOOK FOR THE NORTH INDIAN OCEAN (THE BAY OF BENGAL AND THE ARABIAN SEA) VALID FOR THE NEXT 168 HOURS ISSUED AT 0600 UTC OF 28.05.2025 BASED ON 0300 UTC OF 28.05.2025" (PDF). 29 May 2025.
  11. "SPECIAL TROPICAL WEATHER OUTLOOK FOR THE NORTH INDIAN OCEAN (THE BAY OF BENGAL AND THE ARABIAN SEA) VALID FOR THE NEXT 168 HOURS ISSUED AT 0430 UTC OF 29.05.2025 BASED ON 0000 UTC OF 29.05.2025" (PDF). 29 May 2025.
  12. "SPECIAL TROPICAL WEATHER OUTLOOK FOR THE NORTH INDIAN OCEAN (THE BAY OF BENGAL AND THE ARABIAN SEA) VALID FOR THE NEXT 168 HOURS ISSUED AT 0700 UTC OF 29.05.2025 BASED ON 0300 UTC OF 29.05.2025" (PDF). 29 May 2025.
  13. "SPECIAL TROPICAL WEATHER OUTLOOK FOR THE NORTH INDIAN OCEAN (THE BAY OF BENGAL AND THE ARABIAN SEA) VALID FOR THE NEXT 168 HOURS ISSUED AT 1000 UTC OF 29.05.2025 BASED ON 0600 UTC OF 29.05.2025" (PDF). 29 May 2025.
  14. "SPECIAL TROPICAL WEATHER OUTLOOK FOR THE NORTH INDIAN OCEAN (THE BAY OF BENGAL AND THE ARABIAN SEA) VALID FOR THE NEXT 168 HOURS ISSUED AT 2100 UTC OF 29.05.2025 BASED ON 1800 UTC OF 29.05.2025" (PDF). 29 May 2025.
  15. "SPECIAL TROPICAL WEATHER OUTLOOK FOR THE NORTH INDIAN OCEAN (THE BAY OF BENGAL AND THE ARABIAN SEA) VALID FOR THE NEXT 168 HOURS ISSUED AT 0330 UTC OF 30.05.2025 BASED ON 0000 UTC OF 30.05.2025" (PDF). 30 May 2025.
  16. "SPECIAL TROPICAL WEATHER OUTLOOK FOR THE NORTH INDIAN OCEAN (THE BAY OF BENGAL AND THE ARABIAN SEA) VALID FOR THE NEXT 168 HOURS ISSUED AT 1500 UTC OF 30.05.2025 BASED ON 1200 UTC OF 30.05.2025" (PDF). 31 May 2025.
  17. "Deep depression weakening, heavy rains to continue across Bangladesh". thefinancialexpress.com. 30 May 2025. Retrieved 30 May 2025.
  18. "Deep depression in bay triggers torrential rain". thefinacialexpress.com. 30 May 2025. Retrieved 30 May 2025.
  19. "City spared deluge, light rain ahead; system turns into deep depression, moves towards Bangladesh". The Telegraph (India). 30 May 2025. Retrieved 30 May 2025.
  20. "India's Rising Tide of Climate Migration: A Crisis Without a Policy". The Hindu . 12 June 2025. Retrieved 12 June 2025.
  21. "Lakhs still affected by floods in northeast; death toll reaches 55". PressReader . 7 June 2025. Retrieved 7 June 2025.
  22. "Depression in Bay triggers coastal flooding, kills 3". Daily Sun . 31 May 2025. Retrieved 31 May 2025.
  23. "Bangladesh: Floods and Landslides - Jun 2025". ReliefWeb. 2 June 2025. Retrieved 7 June 2025.
  24. "ရေကြည်နှင့် ဒေးဒရဲတွင် လေပြင်းတိုက်ခတ်ပြီး လူနေအိမ် ၅၀ ခန့်ပျက်စီး". Democratic Voice of Burma (in Burmese). 31 May 2025. Retrieved 31 May 2025.
  25. "Tropical Weather Outlook". mausam.imd.gov.in. Retrieved 14 July 2025.
  26. "Tropical Weather Outlook 17 July 2025" (PDF). 17 July 2025. Retrieved 17 July 2025.
  27. "Monsoon to be active over northwest India: IMD". Hindustan Times. 14 July 2025. Retrieved 21 August 2025.
  28. https://internal.imd.gov.in/press_release/20250716_pr_4142.pdf.{{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  29. "Rajasthan Flood Alert: Heavy Rains Trigger Crisis in Ajmer, Bundi, More". Deccan Herald. Retrieved 21 August 2025.
  30. "Weather Bee: How did Rajasthan flood last week?". Hindustan Times. 25 July 2025. Retrieved 21 August 2025.
  31. 1 2 Federal, The (19 July 2025). "Rain fury: 18 dead in UP, Rajasthan flooded, alerts for Kerala, Bengal, Himachal, Uttarakhand". thefederal.com. Retrieved 21 August 2025.
  32. "Flash Floods In Rajasthan Trigger Economic Crisis—Crops, Roads, Markets Submerged". Business Today. 15 July 2025. Retrieved 21 August 2025.
  33. 1 2 3 "Bay system triggers downpour". The Telegraph (India). 26 July 2025. Retrieved 26 July 2025.
  34. 1 2 https://mausam.imd.gov.in/backend/assets/cyclone_pdf/Tropical_Weather_Outlook_based_on_0300_UTC_of_17_08_2025.pdf.{{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  35. https://mausam.imd.gov.in/backend/assets/cyclone_pdf/2_Special_Message_No_2-18August2025_0830IST2.pdf.{{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  36. 1 2 "Cyclone Information | India Meteorological Department". mausam.imd.gov.in. Retrieved 19 August 2025.
  37. mausam.imd.gov.in https://mausam.imd.gov.in/imd_latest/contents/cyclone.php# . Retrieved 19 August 2025.{{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  38. "Tropical Cyclone Naming". public.wmo.int. 30 May 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  39. "Naming of Tropical Cyclones over the North Indian Ocean" (PDF). rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in. New, Delhi: India Meteorological Department. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 September 2021. Retrieved 25 September 2021.