311 South Wacker Drive | |
---|---|
Record height | |
Tallest in Wacker Drive from 1990 to 1992 [I] | |
Preceded by | 35 East Wacker Drive |
Surpassed by | 77 West Wacker Drive |
General information | |
Status | Completed |
Type | Office |
Location | 311 S. Wacker Drive Chicago, Illinois |
Construction started | 1988 |
Completed | 1990 |
Height | |
Architectural | 292.9 m (961 ft) [1] |
Roof | 293 m (961 ft) |
Top floor | 256.8 m (843 ft) [1] |
Technical details | |
Floor count | 65 [1] |
Floor area | 1,400,000 sq ft (130,000 m2) [2] |
Lifts/elevators | 34 [1] |
Design and construction | |
Architect(s) | Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates HKS |
Developer | Gerald Kostelny/Lincoln Property Company |
Main contractor | J.A. Jones Construction Construction Manager was Harbour Contractors, inc. |
References | |
[1] |
311 South Wacker Drive is a post-modern 65-story skyscraper located in Chicago, Illinois, and completed in 1990. At 961 feet (293 m) tall, it is the ninth-tallest building in Chicago and the 36th tallest in the United States. It was once the tallest reinforced concrete building in the world. 311 South Wacker was also the tallest building in the world known only by its street address, until it was surpassed in height by New York's 432 Park Avenue in 2015. [3] [4]
The lower level of the winter garden was designed for a possible connection via underground passageway to Chicago Union Station. The building also contains three levels of underground parking. The building contains both retail and commercial tenants. [5]
The lobby is a two-level (one below ground) 85-foot (26 m)-tall glass-ceilinged "winter garden." It used to have palm trees, still has a fountain, and is supported by a steel structure influenced by the Chicago "L" tracks and bridges. It was envisioned as a commuter link or "pedestrian station" serving as a connection from the nearby Union Station through a disused streetcar tunnel under the South Branch of the Chicago River. [6] Raymond Kaskey's bronze sculpture "Gem of the Lakes" looks over the garden from the Wacker entrance. The fountain shell form is taken from the city seal with a heroic figure representing Chicago as the "city of broad shoulders" wearing a cape symbolic of the great engineering feat which reversed the flow of Chicago River. [6]
The top of the building is a 105-foot (32 m)-tall translucent cylinder, surrounded by four other smaller cylinders, which was inspired by the massing of the Tribune Tower. This makes it among the most visible Chicago skyscrapers at night, as its crown is brightly illuminated. The five cylinders on top are lit at night by 1,852 fluorescent tubes, and a lantern at the top changes colors for various holidays and special events.
311 South Wacker is surrounded to the northwest by a grassy area, commonly used as a lounging and public lunch area during warm months, which is the largest area of green space in the Chicago Loop. This park is used to host local farmer markets, musical events, and various art and cultural festivals. To the southwest is a parking lot. [7] This land was originally to be occupied by two companion towers that were never developed due to office market conditions.
Chase Tower, located in the Chicago Loop area of Chicago, in the U.S. state of Illinois at 10 South Dearborn Street, is a 60-story skyscraper completed in 1969. At 850 feet tall, it is the fourteenth-tallest building in Chicago and the tallest building inside the Chicago 'L' Loop elevated tracks, and, as of May 2022, the 66th-tallest in the United States. JPMorgan Chase has its U.S. and Canada commercial and retail banking headquarters here. The building is also the headquarters of Exelon. The building and its plaza occupy the entire block bounded by Clark, Dearborn, Madison, and Monroe streets.
OneEleven is a luxury rental apartment tower located in downtown Chicago, Illinois. The building is located between LaSalle Street and Clark Street, adjacent to River North and directly on the Chicago River.
The Heritage at Millennium Park, located at 130 N. Garland Court in Chicago, Illinois is a mixed-use tower. Completed in 2005, with a height of 631 feet (192 m) and 57 floors, the building was designed by the architectural firm Solomon Cordwell Buenz. It is the 36th-tallest building in Chicago. Like many newer buildings, the Heritage preserves and makes use of the façades of four existing buildings in its base.
111 South Wacker Drive is a high-rise office building located in Chicago, Illinois. Completed in 2005 and standing at 681 feet, the 51 story blue-glass structure is one of the tallest in the city. It sits on the site of the former U.S. Gypsum Building, one of the tallest buildings in Chicago to be demolished.
71 South Wacker is an American office tower in Chicago completed in 2005. The 48-story skyscraper stands at 679 feet on 71 South Wacker Drive. It is owned by the Irvine Company.
The Leo Burnett Building, located on 35 West Wacker Drive at North Dearborn Street in the Chicago Loop, is a 50-story, 635 foot tall skyscraper above the Chicago River's Main Stem on the southern bank. When built in 1989, it was the 12th tallest structure in Chicago. It was designed by Kevin Roche-John Dinkeloo and Associates and Shaw & Associates. It is a postmodern design made with granite, masonry, glass, steel and concrete. The windows are divided by stainless steel bars, which is typical of "Chicago windows."
77 West Wacker Drive, previously the United Building, is an American office building in the Loop, Chicago. Finished in 1992, the building rises to a height of 668 ft with around 944,000 square feet (87,700 m2) of interior space. The building, with 50 floors, was designed by Ricardo Bofill Taller de Arquitectura. It was formerly known as the RR Donnelley Building when RR Donnelley was the primary tenant. RR Donnelley moved its corporate headquarters to a different location in May 2005, and in 2007 the building became the corporate headquarters of United Airlines. The deal included naming rights to the building.
Quantum on the Bay is a complex of skyscrapers in the City of Miami, Florida, United States. It is located just north of Downtown Miami in the Edgewater neighborhood. The complex consists of two main towers, the Quantum on the Bay South Tower and the Quantum on the Bay North Tower. The South Tower, the taller of the two, rises 554 feet (169 m) and 51 floors high. The North Tower is 536 feet (163 m) tall with 44 floors. Both towers were structurally completed in January 2008 and opened in April 2008. The towers are connected by a retail and parking center at the base. All space above the tenth floor is dedicated to residential units. The complex is located on North Bayshore Drive and Northeast 19th Street. The architect is Nichols Brosch Sandoval & Associates, Inc.
235 Van Buren is a high-rise condominium building located in Chicago's Loop neighborhood near the Willis Tower and the 311 South Wacker Drive Building. The 46 story skyscraper was designed by Perkins & Will and built by CMK Companies, a Chicago-based real estate development company. As the building's name suggests, it is located at 235 West Van Buren Street adjacent to the Chicago River at the eastern terminus of Eisenhower Expressway.
Tribune East Tower is a 1,442 ft (439.5 m) mixed use supertall tower to be constructed on the eastern edge of the Tribune Tower property, in the Streeterville area of Chicago. The building plans were approved on May 8, 2020. When completed, the tower will be the second-tallest building in Chicago, after the Willis Tower, and one of the tallest buildings in the Western Hemisphere. Construction is to begin in the first half of 2024 and to be completed by September 2027.
Lakeshore East Building I is the address of the as-yet unnamed skyscraper that is part of the 2018 revision of the Lakeshore East development masterplan. The property is located immediately south of Wacker Drive and immediately west of Lake Shore Drive with a potential address of 300 North Lake Shore Drive. The property was approved as part of the Lakeshore East masterplan with a 950-foot (290 m) height.
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