4-Chlorophenol

Last updated
4-Chlorophenol
4-Chlorphenol.svg
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
4-Chlorophenol
Other names
p-Chlorophenol
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
3DMet
507004
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ECHA InfoCard 100.003.094 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
EC Number
  • 203-402-6
2902
KEGG
PubChem CID
RTECS number
  • SK2800000
UNII
UN number 2020
  • InChI=1S/C6H5ClO/c7-5-1-3-6(8)4-2-5/h1-4,8H
    Key: WXNZTHHGJRFXKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • C1=CC(=CC=C1O)Cl
Properties
C6H5ClO
Molar mass 128.56 g·mol−1
AppearanceWhite solid
Density 1.2651 g/cm3 at 40 °C [1]
Melting point 43.1 °C (109.6 °F; 316.2 K) [1]
Boiling point 219 °C (426 °F; 492 K) [1]
27.1 g/L
Acidity (pKa)9.41 [2]
-77.7·10−6 cm3/mol [3]
1.5579 [1]
Structure [4]
2.11 D
Thermochemistry [5]
-197.7 kJ·mol−1 (s)
−181.3 kJ·mol−1 (l)
Enthalpy of fusion fHfus)
14.1 kJ·mol−1
Hazards
GHS labelling:
GHS-pictogram-acid.svg GHS-pictogram-skull.svg GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg GHS-pictogram-pollu.svg
Danger
H290, H301, H302, H312, H314, H332, H411
P234, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P310, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P312, P321, P322, P330, P363, P390, P391, P404, P405, P501
Flash point 121 °C (250 °F; 394 K) [6]
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

4-Chlorophenol is an organic compound with the formula C6H4ClOH. It is one of three monochlorophenol isomers. It is a colorless or white solid that melts easily and exhibits significant solubility in water. Its pKa is 9.14.

Contents

Preparation and reaction

It is prepared by chlorination of phenol, preferably in polar solvents, which tends to yield the 4-chloro derivative. Direct chlorination of molten phenol favors the formation of 2-chlorophenol. [7]

It once was produced on a large scale as a precursor to hydroquinone. [7] It is a classic precursor, upon reaction with phthalic anhydride, to quinizarin. [8] The commercial dye quinizarin is produced by the reaction of phthalic anhydride and 4-chlorophenol followed by hydrolysis of the chloride. [9]

Clofibrate, a drug for controlling the high cholesterol and triacylglyceride level in the blood, is derived from 4-chlorophenol. Clofibrate.svg
Clofibrate, a drug for controlling the high cholesterol and triacylglyceride level in the blood, is derived from 4-chlorophenol.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cumene process</span> Industrial process

The cumene process is an industrial process for synthesizing phenol and acetone from benzene and propylene. The term stems from cumene, the intermediate material during the process. It was invented by R. Ūdris and P. Sergeyev in 1942 (USSR), and independently by Heinrich Hock in 1944.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phthalic anhydride</span> Chemical compound

Phthalic anhydride is the organic compound with the formula C6H4(CO)2O. It is the anhydride of phthalic acid. Phthalic anhydride is a principal commercial form of phthalic acid. It was the first anhydride of a dicarboxylic acid to be used commercially. This white solid is an important industrial chemical, especially for the large-scale production of plasticizers for plastics. In 2000, the worldwide production volume was estimated to be about 3 million tonnes per year.

In organic chemistry, an aryl halide is an aromatic compound in which one or more hydrogen atoms, directly bonded to an aromatic ring are replaced by a halide. The haloarene are different from haloalkanes because they exhibit many differences in methods of preparation and properties. The most important members are the aryl chlorides, but the class of compounds is so broad that there are many derivatives and applications.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Acenaphthene</span> Chemical compound

Acenaphthene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) consisting of naphthalene with an ethylene bridge connecting positions 1 and 8. It is a colourless solid. Coal tar consists of about 0.3% of this compound.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sulfonic acid</span> Organic compounds with the structure R−S(=O)2−OH

In organic chemistry, sulfonic acid refers to a member of the class of organosulfur compounds with the general formula R−S(=O)2−OH, where R is an organic alkyl or aryl group and the S(=O)2(OH) group a sulfonyl hydroxide. As a substituent, it is known as a sulfo group. A sulfonic acid can be thought of as sulfuric acid with one hydroxyl group replaced by an organic substituent. The parent compound is the parent sulfonic acid, HS(=O)2(OH), a tautomer of sulfurous acid, S(=O)(OH)2. Salts or esters of sulfonic acids are called sulfonates.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chlorobenzene</span> Aromatic organochlorine compound

Chlorobenzene is the simplest of the chlorobenzenes, consisting of a benzene ring substituted with one chlorine atom. Its chemical formula is C6H5Cl. This colorless, flammable liquid is a common solvent and a widely used intermediate in the manufacture of other chemicals.

2-Chlorophenol or ortho-chlorophenol is an organic compound with the formula C6H4ClOH. It is one of three isomeric monochloride derivatives of phenol. As from occasional use as a disinfectant, it has few applications. It is an intermediate in the polychlorination of phenol. 2-Chlorophenol is a colorless liquid, although commercial samples are often yellow or amber-colored. It has an unpleasant, penetrating (carbolic) odor. It is poorly soluble in water.

A chlorophenol is any organochloride of phenol that contains one or more covalently bonded chlorine atoms. There are five basic types of chlorophenols and 19 different chlorophenols in total when positional isomerism is taken into account. Chlorophenols are produced by electrophilic halogenation of phenol with chlorine.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">4-Aminophenol</span> Chemical compound

4-Aminophenol (or para-aminophenol or p-aminophenol) is an organic compound with the formula H2NC6H4OH. Typically available as a white powder, it is commonly used as a developer for black-and-white film, marketed under the name Rodinal.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phthalimide</span> Organic Compound

Phthalimide is the organic compound with the formula C6H4(CO)2NH. It is the imide derivative of phthalic anhydride. It is a sublimable white solid that is slightly soluble in water but more so upon addition of base. It is used as a precursor to other organic compounds as a masked source of ammonia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2,4,6-Trichlorophenol</span> Chemical compound

2,4,6-Trichlorophenol, also known as TCP, phenaclor, Dowicide 2S, Dowcide 2S, omal, is a chlorinated phenol that has been used as a fungicide, herbicide, insecticide, antiseptic, defoliant, and glue preservative. It is a clear to yellowish crystalline solid with a strong, phenolic odor. It decomposes on heating to produce toxic and corrosive fumes including hydrogen chloride and chlorine.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hexachlorocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one</span> Chemical compound

Hexachlorocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one, sometimes informally called hexachlorophenol (HCP) is an organochlorine compound. It can be prepared from phenol. Despite the informal name, the compound is not a phenol but is a ketone. The informal name is derived from its method of preparation which includes phenol as a reagent.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2-Aminophenol</span> Chemical compound

2-Aminophenol is an organic compound with the formula C6H7NO. Along with its isomer 4-aminophenol, it is an amphoteric molecule and a reducing agent. It is a useful reagent for the synthesis of dyes and heterocyclic compounds. Reflecting its slight hydrophilic character, white powder is moderately soluble in alcohols and can be recrystallized from hot water.

2,4-Dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) is a chlorinated derivative of phenol with the molecular formula Cl2C6H3OH. It is a white solid that is mildly acidic (pKa = 7.9). It is produced on a large scale as a precursor to the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D).

2,6-Dichlorophenol is a compound with formula C6H3Cl2OH. It is one of the six isomers of dichlorophenol. It is a colorless solid. Its pKa is 6.78, which is about 100x more acidic than 2-chlorophenol (8.52) and 1000x more acidic than phenol itself (9.95).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phthalonitrile</span> Chemical compound

Phthalonitrile is an organic compound with the formula C6H4(CN)2, which is an off-white crystal solid at room temperature. It is a derivative of benzene, containing two adjacent nitrile groups. The compound has low solubility in water but is soluble in common organic solvents. The compound is used as a precursor to phthalocyanine and other pigments, fluorescent brighteners, and photographic sensitizers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chloranil</span> Chemical compound

Chloranil is a quinone with the molecular formula C6Cl4O2. Also known as tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone, it is a yellow solid. Like the parent benzoquinone, chloranil is a planar molecule that functions as a mild oxidant.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fenticlor</span> Chemical compound

Fenticlor is an antibacterial and antifungal agent for topical use. It is an antimicrobial agent. It is also used in veterinary medicine.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1,4-Dihydroxyanthraquinone</span> Chemical compound

1,4-Dihydroxyanthraquinone, also called quinizarin or Solvent Orange 86, is an organic compound derived from anthroquinone. Quinizarin is an orange or red-brown crystalline powder. It is formally derived from anthraquinone by replacement of two hydrogen atoms by hydroxyl (OH) groups. It is one of ten dihydroxyanthraquinone isomers and occurs in small amounts in the root of the madder plant, Rubia tinctorum.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">3-Chlorophenol</span> Chemical compound

3-Chlorophenol is an organic compound with the molecular formula C6H4ClOH. It is one of three isomers of monochlorophenol. It is a colorless or white solid that melts easily and exhibits significant solubility in water. Together with 3,5-dichlorophenol, it is prepared industrially by dechlorination of polychlorophenols. Alternatively, it arises via the cumene process, which starts with the alkylation of chlorobenzene with propylene.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Haynes, p. 3.116
  2. Haynes, p. 5.90
  3. Haynes, p. 3.577
  4. Haynes, p. 9.61
  5. Haynes, pp. 5.10, 6.156
  6. Haynes, p. 16.20
  7. 1 2 Muller, François; Caillard, Liliane (2011). "Chlorophenols". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry . Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a07_001.pub2.
  8. Bigelow, L. A.; Reynolds, H. H. (1926). "Quinizarin". Org. Synth. 6: 78. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.006.0078.
  9. Bien, H.-S.; Stawitz, J.; Wunderlich, K. "Anthraquinone Dyes and Intermediates". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry . Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a02_355.

Cited sources