73rd Rifle Corps

Last updated
73rd Silesia Rifle Corps
21st Silesia Rifle Corps
ActiveJuly 1943–August 1957
Country Soviet Union
Branch Red Army (Soviet Army from 1946)
TypeInfantry (Rifle corps)
Engagements
Honorifics Silesia
Commanders
Notable
commanders

The 73rd Silesia Rifle Corps ( ‹See Tfd› Russian : 73-й стрелковый Силезский корпус) was a rifle corps of the Red Army during World War II.

Contents

World War II

General-mayor Pavel Batitsky commanded the corps between its formation and April 1944 Batitskii Pavel Fedorovich 1945 g.jpg
General-mayor Pavel Batitsky commanded the corps between its formation and April 1944

The corps headquarters was formed on 8 July 1943 at Kuzhenkino, Leningrad Oblast, part of the 52nd Army, with which it served for the rest of the war. The 254th, 294th, and 136th Rifle Divisions, then in the Reserve of the Supreme High Command were assigned to the corps. Colonel Pavel Batitsky of the 254th Rifle Division was appointed corps commander. After the assignment of its divisions, the corps was loaded into railway echelons for relocation to the Steppe Front and on 1 August concentrated at the village of Petrovka  [ ru ], west of Voronezh, where it continued its formation. Corps units continued to arrive through August, with its assigned 976th Separate Signal Battalion joining the corps on 11 August and the headquarters battery of the corps artillery commander and commandant's platoon joining on 23 August. That month, the corps finished its formation and as part of the 52nd Army joined the Voronezh Front. By the end of its formation, the corps headquarters was at Petrovka, the 254th at Nizhnyaya Veduga, the 294th at Khokhol and Verkhneye Turovo, and the 136th at Dolgoye  [ ru ] and Kazinka  [ ru ]. [1] Between 8 and 18 August the corps marched 315 kilometers to concentrate in the vicinity of Martynovka, Mikhaylovka  [ ru ], Zalomnoye  [ ru ], Storozhevoye  [ ru ], Vesyoly  [ ru ], Zamostye  [ ru ], Bondarevka  [ ru ], and Pushkarnoye  [ ru ] near Sudzha in Kursk Oblast. In its concentration area the corps conducted training in preparation for the forthcoming Chernigov–Poltava Strategic Offensive  [ ru ]. [2]

The corps began an offensive against the town of Zenkov on 4 September and captured the town two days later. The 294th Rifle Division was transferred out of the corps on 6 September and replaced by the 93rd Rifle Division. On 17 September the 136th left the corps and the 294th returned. Between 24 and 26 September the 166th Rifle Division in the vicinity of Novoavromovo  [ uk ] was operationally subordinated to the corps. [1] Between 4 and 30 September, the corps liberated 130 settlements, including the towns of Zenkov and Mirgorod, reached the Dnieper and forced a crossing of it in the vicinity of Bubnovskaya Slobodka  [ uk ]. For the taking of Mirgorod the 93rd Rifle Division was awarded the name of the town as an honorific. [2]

On 20 October the 93rd Rifle Division left the corps. On 5 December the 7th Guards Airborne Division became part of the corps, replacing the 93rd. The corps liberated the city of Cherkassy on 14 December. [2] The 254th, 294th, and 7th Guards were received the Cherkassy honorific in recognition of their performance in the liberation of that city. On 16 December the 62nd Guards Rifle Division joined the corps and the 254th and 294th were transferred out. On 4 January 1944 the 254th returned to the corps, and between 4 January and 18 February the corps took part in the Korsun–Shevchenkovsky Offensive. During the offensive, the 31st Rifle Division joined the corps on 12 January. [2] The corps forced a crossing of the Dniester in the vicinity of Mikhaylovka  [ uk ] and Yaruga on 22 March. Four days later, the corps, pursuing retreating German units on the territory of Moldavia and Bessarabia, reached the Soviet–Romanian border. Forcing a crossing of the Prut in the vicinity of Skuliany the corps joined battle with German troops north of Jassy. Between 1 April and 19 August the corps was involved in fierce defensive battles near Jassy (the First Jassy–Kishinev offensive) and prepared for the Second Jassy–Kishinev offensive. [2] On 12 April the 50th Rifle Division joined the corps. [1] That month, General-mayor Sarkis Martirosyan took command of the corps, switching commands with Batitsky. [3]

On 20 August the 373rd Rifle Division joined the corps. [1] That day, the division attacked as part of the Second Jassy–Kishinev offensive, driving towards Jassy. The corps took Jassy on the next day, and Huși on 24 August. Between 24 and 30 August the corps eliminated the German Jassy–Kishinev grouping to the southeast of Huși. [2]

General-mayor Sarkis Martirosyan commanded the corps from April 1944 to the end of the war Sarkis Martirosyan 1945.jpg
General-mayor Sarkis Martirosyan commanded the corps from April 1944 to the end of the war

With the 52nd Army, the corps was transferred by rail from the vicinity of Jassy to Vladimir-Volynsky in western Ukraine beginning on 15 October to join the 1st Ukrainian Front. Completing the transfer, on 29 October, the corps concentrated in the vicinity of Nisko, Jeżowe, Kopki, and Rudnik in Poland. In this region, the 73rd received replacements, new equipment, and conducted combat training. On 24 December the corps and the 52nd Army arrived arrived at the Sandomierz bridgehead and concentrated in the vicinity of Staszów and began training for the penetration of the German defenses in the vicinity of Szydłów in the forthcoming Sandomierz–Silesian offensive. At the start of the offensive on 12 January the corps, with the 50th, 254th and 294th Divisions, broke through German line near Szydłów and to the north of Nowy Solec. On 13 January the corps took Chmielnik, forced a crossing of the Nida on 14 January, took Radomsko on 17 January, forced a crossing of the Warta and took Wieluń on 19 January. On 20 January 1945 the 214th Rifle Division joined the corps. Crossing the German border on 21 January, the corps captured Oels on 25 January and on the next day fought its way to Breslau, joining battle for the eastern outskirts of the city. The corps forced a crossing of the Oder on 27 January. Between 27 January and 18 February the corps fought in intense fighting for Breslau. [4] On 2 February the 77th Fortified Region was operationally subordinated to the corps. The corps received the Silesia honorific on 19 February 1945 in recognition of its performance during the Sandomierz–Silesian offensive, [5] and Martirosyan was made a Hero of the Soviet Union for his leadership. [6]

The corps, having left behind the 294th to take part in the Siege of Breslau, was relocated to the vicinity of Bunzlau on 19 February, where until 13 April it took part in difficult fighting with counterattacking German troops, improving its positions in the course of the battles. On 17 April the 213th Rifle Division joined the corps as the Berlin Offensive began. With the 254th, 50th, 213th Divisions the corps broke through the German defense on the Neisse that day, forced a crossing of the Neisse and fought for Görlitz. The corps captured Niesky on 23 April. On 1 May the 116th Rifle Division joined the corps. [1] With the 50th, 116th, and 254th Divisions the corps continued the rapid offensive towards Czechoslovakia from 1 May and on 8 May captured Reichenbach during the Prague offensive. On 9 May, Victory Day, the corps took Zittau and Mladá Boleslav. Germany surrendered on 9 May, but German troops under Ferdinand Schörner continued to resist Soviet troops. As a result, on 10 May, the corps joined battle for Prague. On 13 May German resistance sharply weakened and the resistance of small group of German troops was finally broken. The corps halted in the vicinity of Mladá Boleslav at the end of the war. [4]

For their actions during the war, 28,371 enlisted men and 8,156 officers of the corps were decorated. These awards included seventeen Orders of Lenin, 695 Orders of the Red Banner, seven Orders of Suvorov, 2nd class, eleven Orders of Suvorov, 3rd class, five Orders of Kutuzov, 2nd class, thirteen Orders of Kutuzov, 3rd class, 153 Orders of Alexander Nevsky, 1,240 Orders of the Patriotic War, 1st class, 9,519 Orders of the Patriotic War 2nd class, and 9,329 Orders of Glory of all classes. [7]

Postwar

When the war ended, the corps included the 50th, 116th, and 254th Rifle Divisions. In the weeks following the end of the war. the corps settled into a peacetime routine of combat and political training. [4] After the end of the war, the corps was withdrawn to the Lvov Military District together with the 52nd Army, arriving on 23 July 1945, with its headquarters at Stryy. The 50th Rifle Division was stationed at Dobromil, Khyrov, Nove Myasto  [ uk ], and Ustriki Dolyny, the 116th at Sambor, Stary Sambor, and Turka, and the 254th at Stryy, Drogobych, and Morshin. There the corps was brought up to strength, conducted combat training and took part in operations against the Ukrainian Insurgent Army. [8] [4]

The corps transitioned to peacetime tables of organization and equipment (TO&E) on 10 March 1946. After being brought up to strength and the transition to peacetime TO&E the corps received new support units: the 338th Corps Artillery Brigade, 83rd Guards Mortar Regiment, 341st Separate Anti-Aircraft Artillery Battalion, 252nd Separate Guards Tank Battalion, 920th Separate Corps Sapper Battalion, 87th Separate Tank Repair Company, and 422nd Mobile Auto Repair Base. During the same reorganization the 254th Rifle Division was reorganized as the 27th Mechanized Division, and the 116th Rifle Division disbanded, with its personnel and equipment split among the 50th and 27th Divisions and other 52nd Army units. The 24th Rifle Division joined the corps by 28 May to replace the disbanded 116th. By that date, the corps support units were the 2053rd Corps Artillery Regiment, 83rd Guards Mortar Regiment, 920th Separate Corps Sapper Battalion, 976th Separate Signal Battalion, 87th Tank Repair Company, and the 422nd Mobile Auto Repair Base. [9] With the disbandment of the 52nd Army it became part of the 38th Army of the Carpathian Military District, headquartered at Drogobych, in June 1946. [10] During conventional force reductions of the Red Army, the 50th Rifle Division was disbanded by an order of the 38th Army dated 15 May 1947, leaving the corps with the 24th Rifle and 27th Mechanized Divisions for the rest of its existence. [11]

In February 1948 the 920th Separate Sapper Battalion was reduced to the 238th Separate Sapper Company with an authorized strength of 69 men with surplus personnel transferred to sapper units of the corps' divisions. Similarly, the 83rd Guards Mortar Regiment was reduced to the 145th Separate Guards Mortar Battalion with an authorized strength of 202, and surplus personnel transferred to the 2053rd Corps Artillery Regiment. Between November and March 1949 the corps formed the 776th Corps Anti-Aircraft Artillery Battalion at Drogobych with an authorized strength of 186 using personnel from other units of the corps. [12]

New TO&Es introduced on 15 November 1949 set the authorized strength of the corps headquarters at 155 men, that of the signal battalion at 421 men, and that of the artillery commander headquarters battery at 88 men. Under the same reorganization the sapper company was expanded to battalion strength again, authorized 321 men based at Borislav, and the 28th Separate Corps Destroyer Anti-Tank Artillery Battalion (247 men) at Sambor formed. The enlisted men and non-commissioned officers of the battalion included 60 transferred from the corps' divisions and 152 conscripts of the 1929 class born in the Moscow Military District. [12] Under the 1949 reorganization the 338th Artillery Brigade was reformed with brigade headquarters (126 men) at Sambor, the 2044th Gun Artillery Regiment (404 men) at Stary Sambor formed from the gun battalion of the 2053rd Artillery Regiment, the 2053rd Howitzer Artillery Regiment (404 men) at Sambor from the howitzer battalion of the 2053rd Artillery Regiment (inheriting the latter's lineage), and the 695th Separate Artillery Reconnaissance Battalion (146 men) at Stary Sambor from the reconnaissance battalion of the 2053rd. The 24th Rifle Division was reorganized with an authorized strength of 11,200 men and the 27th Mechanized Division with an authorized strength of 9,411 men. [13]

The 87th Separate Tank Repair Company (54 men) was disbanded on 1 September 1952 and its personnel equipment transferred to the newly formed tank repair workshop of the 24th Rifle Division. The 422nd Field Auto Repair Base was. disbanded on 30 December 1952, with its troops and equipment transferred to other corps units. [14]

The corps was renumbered as the 21st Rifle Corps on 13 June 1955. The corps headquarters was disbanded in mid-1957 when most Soviet Army corps headquarters were removed from the force structure. [3] [15]

Commanders

The following officers commanded the corps: [3]

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">51st Rifle Division (Soviet Union)</span> Military unit

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The 312th Rifle Division was a Red Army infantry division formed for the first time on July 10, 1941 in Kazakhstan before being sent to the vicinity of Leningrad, where it fought briefly before being redeployed to the front southwest of Moscow in late October, where it suffered huge losses in the wake of Operation Typhoon, and was disbanded not long after. A new 312th began forming in December in Siberia, and this second formation served again in front of Moscow, in the fighting in the area of Rzhev and Sychevka during 1942 and into 1943. In the latter year, the division distinguished itself in the liberation of Smolensk and received that city's name as an honorific. As the war concluded, the men and women of the 312th gained additional honors, and ended the war fighting near Berlin. The division was disbanded shortly after the end of the conflict.

The 373rd Rifle Division was raised in 1941 as an infantry division of the Red Army, and served for the duration of the Great Patriotic War in that role. It began forming in August 1941 in the Urals Military District. It was moved to the front northwest of Moscow while still trying to complete its training and went straight into action in mid-December during the winter counteroffensive. Until May 1943, it was involved in the bloody fighting around the Rzhev salient. After a period in reserve for rebuilding, the division's combat path shifted southward when it was assigned to 52nd Army, where it remained for the duration of the war. It won a battle honor in eastern Ukraine, then fought across the Dniepr River late that year, and was awarded the Order of the Red Banner for its successes. Following this it advanced through western Ukraine in the spring of 1944, then into Romania in the summer, where it played a major role in the second encirclement and destruction of the German 6th Army. After again moving to the reserves the division shifted northwards with its Army to join 1st Ukrainian Front, fighting through Poland, eastern Germany and into Czechoslovakia. By then the 373rd had compiled an enviable record, and went on to serve briefly into the postwar era.

The 376th Rifle Division was raised in 1941 as an infantry division of the Red Army, and served for the duration of the Great Patriotic War in that role. It began forming in August 1941 in the Siberian Military District. It followed a very similar combat path to that of the 374th Rifle Division. It joined the fighting front in December with the new 59th Army along the Volkhov River and it continued to serve in the battles near Leningrad until early 1944. The division took horrendous casualties in the combat to create and hold open a passage to the 2nd Shock Army during the Lyuban Offensive and was itself partly or fully encircled at several times during this dismal fighting. The division finally left this region as it advanced during the Leningrad–Novgorod Offensive in January 1944 and in July won a battle honor in the liberation of Pskov, while its 1250th Rifle Regiment was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. In October the 376th as a whole would also receive the Red Banner for its part in the liberation of Riga. The division ended the war in Latvia, helping to contain and reduce the German forces trapped in the Courland Pocket, and was reorganized as a rifle brigade shortly thereafter.

The 409th Rifle Division was as an infantry division of the Red Army from 1941 to 1945. It fought against the German invasion, Operation Barbarossa. It was officially considered an Armenian National division, and initially almost all its personnel were of that nationality. After forming it remained in service along the border with Turkey until nearly the end of 1942, when it was redeployed to the 44th Army in Transcaucasus Front, assisting in driving the German 17th Army into the Kuban peninsula. Following this the division was moved to the 46th Army in Southwestern Front and took part in the summer offensive through the Donbas and eastern Ukraine. In October it was moved again, now to the 57th Army in 2nd Ukrainian Front; it would remain in that Front for the duration of the war, moving to the 7th Guards Army in December. After crossing the Dniepr the 409th won a battle honor in January, 1944, then spent the spring and summer in the battles around Jassy and Kishenev in Moldova. After the defeat of Romania the division advanced into Hungary as part of the 27th Guards Rifle Corps. In October it rejoined the 7th Guards Army, where it remained for the duration, mostly in the 25th Guards Rifle Corps. After the fall of Budapest the division joined the final advances on Vienna and Prague in the spring of 1945, and was disbanded shortly thereafter.

The 15th Guards Rifle Division was reformed as an elite infantry division of the Red Army in February, 1942, based on the 1st formation of the 136th Rifle Division, and served in that role until well after the end of the Great Patriotic War. The division had already distinguished itself during the Winter War with Finland in 1940 and had been decorated with the Order of Lenin; soon after its redesignation it also received its first Order of the Red Banner. It was in Southern Front as this time but was soon moved to the Reserve of the Supreme High Command where it was assigned to 7th Reserve Army in May, then to 28th Army in Southwestern Front in June, then to 57th Army in Stalingrad Front in July. It remained in that Army for the rest of the year, with one brief exception, until it was transferred to Don Front's 64th Army in January, 1943 during the closing stages of the battle of Stalingrad. In March this Army became 7th Guards Army and was railed to the northwest, joining Voronezh Front south of the Kursk salient. In the battle that followed the 15th Guards assisted in the defeat of Army Detachment Kempf, then took part in the summer offensive into Ukraine, winning one of the first battle honors at Kharkov. It remained in either 7th Guards or 37th Army into the spring of 1944. It saw action in the Nikopol-Krivoi Rog Offensive and was awarded the Order of Suvorov before being involved in the frustrating battles along the Dniestr River on the Romanian border. In June the division became part of 34th Guards Rifle Corps in 5th Guards Army and was redeployed north becoming part of 1st Ukrainian Front and taking part in the Lvov–Sandomierz Offensive into Poland. The 15th Guards made a spectacular advance across Poland during the Vistula-Oder Offensive and was further decorated with the Order of Kutuzov for forcing a crossing of the Oder River. It then saw action in the drive on Berlin in April and the Prague Offensive in May, winning a further battle honor and an unusual second Order of the Red Banner in the process. After the war the division did garrison duty in Austria, then in Ukraine, followed by a move in late 1947 to Crimea and the Kuban where its personnel assisted in rebuilding the local economy and infrastructure for nearly 20 years. It September 1965 it was renumbered as the "51st" and became the 2nd formation of the 51st Guards Motor Rifle Division.

The 62nd Guards Rifle Division was formed as an elite infantry division of the Red Army in January, 1943, based on the 2nd formation of the 127th Rifle Division, and served in that role until after the end of the Great Patriotic War.

The 73rd Guards Rifle Division was reformed as an elite infantry division of the Red Army in March 1943, based on the 2nd formation of the 38th Rifle Division, and served in that role until after the end of the Great Patriotic War.

The 226th Rifle Division was an infantry division of the Red Army, originally formed as one of the first reserve rifle divisions following the German invasion of the USSR. After being hastily organized it arrived at the front along the lower Dniepr River as part of 6th Army and in the wake of the German victory in the Kiev encirclement it fell back toward, and then past, Kharkiv and spent the winter fighting in this area. During the Second Battle of Kharkov in May 1942 it scored early successes but was soon forced back by counterattacking panzers and barely escaped destruction in the first phases of the German summer offensive. After rebuilding in the Reserve of the Supreme High Command the division returned to the front north of Stalingrad where it joined the 66th Army. It took heavy losses in one of the last efforts to break through to the city before Operation Uranus cut off the German 6th Army, but it still played an important role in the reduction of the pocket during Operation Ring and as a result was redesignated as the 95th Guards Rifle Division in May 1943.

The 227th Rifle Division was an infantry division of the Red Army, originally formed in the months just before the start of the German invasion, based on the shtat of September 13, 1939. It arrived at the front in July and was assigned to 26th Army along the Dniepr, but was fortunate to escape that Army's encirclement in September. During the next several months, the division fought as part of 40th Army in the Kursk region, operating toward Prokhorovka and Oboyan during the winter counteroffensive. It made noteworthy gains during the May 1942 offensive north of Kharkiv but these went for naught when the southern wing of the offensive collapsed. When the main German summer offensive began in late June, the division's 21st Army was directly in the path of the German 6th Army and the depleted 227th was soon destroyed on the open steppes.

References

Citations

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Historical Form, 73rd Rifle Corps, pp. 1–3.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Historical Form, 73rd Rifle Corps, pp. 14–15.
  3. 1 2 3 Kalashnikov & Dodonov 2013, pp. 241–242.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Historical Form, 73rd Rifle Corps, pp. 16–19.
  5. ↑ Historical Form, 73rd Rifle Corps, p. 116.
  6. ↑ Tsapayev & Goremykin 2015, pp. 733–735.
  7. ↑ "Исторический формуляр 73 ск" [Historical Form of the 73rd Rifle Corps]. Pamyat Naroda (in Russian). 1943–1946. p. 16.
  8. 1 2 "Боевое распоряжение штаба 73 ск". Pamyat Naroda. 11 August 1945.
  9. ↑ Historical Form, 73rd Rifle Corps, pp. 4–7.
  10. ↑ Historical Form, 73rd Rifle Corps, p. 146.
  11. ↑ Historical Form, 73rd Rifle Corps, p. 7.
  12. 1 2 Historical Form, 73rd Rifle Corps, pp. 8–10.
  13. ↑ Historical Form, 73rd Rifle Corps, pp. 11–12.
  14. ↑ Historical Form, 73rd Rifle Corps, p. 13.
  15. ↑ Feskov et al 2013, pp. 471–472.

Bibliography

Military documents

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