A. W. F. Edwards

A. W. F. Edwards FRS
Edwards at the Royal Society admissions day in 2015
Born	Anthony William Fairbank Edwards (1935-10-04) 4 October 1935 (age 90) [1] London, [1] England
Education	University of Cambridge
Known for	Mathematical genetics
Father	Harold C. Edwards
Relatives	John H. Edwards (brother)
Scientific career
Fields	Statistics, genetics
Institutions	Stanford University University of Pavia Aberdeen University University of Cambridge
Academic advisors	Ronald Fisher
Doctoral students	Elizabeth A. Thompson
Website	royalsociety.org/people/anthony-edwards-11379/

Anthony William Fairbank Edwards, FRS ^[2] (born 4 October 1935) is a British statistician, geneticist and evolutionary biologist. Edwards is regarded as one of Britain's most distinguished geneticists, ^[3] and as one of the most influential mathematical geneticists in the history. ^[4] He is the son of the surgeon Harold C. Edwards, and brother of medical geneticist John H. Edwards. Edwards has sometimes been called "Fisher's Edwards" to distinguish him from his brother, because he was mentored by Ronald Fisher. ^[5] In 1963 and 1964, Edwards, along with Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza, introduced novel methods for computing evolutionary trees from genetical data. ^[6]

Education and career

6-set Edwards–Venn diagram

Edwards was educated at Uppingham School and Trinity Hall, Cambridge, where he read the natural sciences tripos (specialising in genetics) and graduated with a BA in 1957 and a PhD in 1961. ^{[1] [7]} While at Cambridge, Edwards was mentored by the geneticist and polymath Ronald Fisher. He has since maintained a high regard for Fisher's scientific contributions and has written extensively on them. To mark the Fisher centenary in 1990, Edwards proposed a commemorative Sir Ronald Fisher window be installed in the Dining Hall of Gonville & Caius College. When the window was removed in 2020, he vigorously opposed the move. ^[8]

After one postdoctoral research year at Cambridge, he was invited by Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza to the University of Pavia, where, in 1961–1964, they initiated the statistical approach to the construction of evolutionary trees from genetical data, using the first modern computers. A year at Stanford University was followed by three years as a senior lecturer in Statistics at the University of Aberdeen, supervised by D. J. Finney, and then two years as a Bye-Fellow in Science at Gonville and Caius College, during which he wrote his book Likelihood (1972). ^[2] The remainder of his career was spent at Cambridge, ultimately as Professor of Biometry, during which he has published widely, including books on Venn diagrams, mathematical genetics, and Pascal's triangle. ^[2] Edwards is currently a Life Fellow of Gonville and Caius. ^[9]

Research

Edwards has strongly advocated Fisher's concept of likelihood as the proper basis for statistical and scientific inference. He has also written extensively on the history of genetics and statistics, including an analysis of whether Gregor Mendel's results were "too good" to be unmanipulated, ^[10] and also on purely mathematical subjects, such as Venn diagrams. ^{[11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16]}

In a 2003 paper, Edwards criticised Richard Lewontin's argument in a 1972 paper that race is an invalid taxonomic construct, terming it Lewontin's fallacy. ^{[17] [18]}

Personal life

His elder brother John H. Edwards (1928–2007) was also a geneticist and also an FRS; their father, Harold C. Edwards, was a surgeon. He was awarded the Telesio-Galilei Academy Award in 2011 for Biology.

Edwards is involved in gliding, particularly within the Cambridge University Gliding Club and has written on the subject in Sailplane and Gliding magazine as "The Armchair Pilot".

Awards and honours

Edwards was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2015. ^[2]

Works

Books

• Edwards, A. W. F. 1972. Likelihood. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (expanded edition, 1992, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore). ISBN   0-8018-4443-6
• Edwards, A. W. F. 1977. Foundations of Mathematical Genetics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2nd ed., 2000). ISBN   0-521-77544-2
• Edwards, A. W. F. 1987. Pascal's Arithmetical Triangle: The Story of a Mathematical Idea. Charles Griffin, London (paperback edition, 2002, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore). ISBN   0-8018-6946-3
• David, H. A.; Edwards, A. W. F. 2001. Annotated Readings in the History of Statistics. Springer, New York. ISBN   0-387-98844-0
• Edwards, Anthony William Fairbank (2004). Cogwheels of the Mind: The Story of Venn Diagrams. Baltimore, Maryland, USA: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 65. ISBN   0-8018-7434-3.
• Keynes, M.; Edwards, A. W. F.; Peel, R. eds. 2004. A Century of Mendelism in Human Genetics. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida. ISBN   0-415-32960-4
• Franklin, A.; Edwards, A. W. F.; Fairbanks, D. J.; Hartl, D. L.; Seidenfeld, T. 2008. Ending the Mendel-Fisher Controversy. University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh. ISBN   0-8229-4319-0

Anthology

• Winther, Rasmus Grønfeldt (2018). Phylogenetic Inference, Selection Theory, and History of Science: Selected Papers of A. W. F. Edwards with Commentaries. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. ISBN   9781107111721.

(Contains: selected papers, including all the papers below; short commentaries by expert biologists, historians, and philosophers; interview with Edwards; appendices; a full list of publications up to 2016.)

Papers

• Cavalli-Sforza, L.  L.; Edwards, A.  W.  F. 1964. Analysis of human evolution. Genetics Today 3:923–933.
• Edwards, A.  W. F.; Cavalli-Sforza, L.  L. 1964. Reconstruction of evolutionary trees. pp. 67–76 in Phenetic and Phylogenetic Classification, ed. Heywood, V.  H. and McNeill, J. Systematics Association pub. no. 6, London.
• Cavalli-Sforza, L.  L.; Edwards, A.  W.  F. 1967. Phylogenetic analysis: models and estimation procedures. American Journal of Human Genetics 19:233–257.
• Edwards, A.  W.  F. 1969. Statistical methods in scientific inference. Nature 222:1233–1237.
• Edwards, A.  W.  F. 1974. The history of likelihood. International Statistical Review 42:9–15.
• Edwards, A.  W.  F. 1986. Are Mendel's results really too close? Biological Reviews 61:295–312.
• Edwards, A.  W.  F. 1996. The origin and early development of the method of minimum evolution for the reconstruction of phylogenetic trees. Systematic Biology 45:79–91.
• Edwards, A.  W.  F. 2000. The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection. Genetics 154:1419–1426.
• Edwards, A.  W.  F. 2003. Human Genetic Diversity: Lewontin's Fallacy. BioEssays 25:798–801.

References

1. "Edwards, Prof. Anthony William Fairbank" . Who's Who (online Oxford University Press  ed.). Oxford: A & C Black. 2016.(Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
2. "Professor Anthony (A.W.F.) Edwards FRS". London: Royal Society. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where:

   "All text published under the heading 'Biography' on Fellow profile pages is available under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License." -- "Royal Society Terms, conditions and policies". Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 9 March 2016.

3. "10 Questions for A.W.F. Edwards". Gene Expression. 28 August 2006. Retrieved 1 July 2024.
4. Winther, Rasmus Grønfeldt, ed. (2018). Phylogenetic Inference, Selection Theory, and History of Science: Selected Papers of A. W. F. Edwards with Commentaries. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. i. ISBN   978-1-107-11172-1.
5. Winther, Rasmus Grønfeldt (2018). Phylogenetic Inference, Selection Theory, and History of Science: Selected Papers of A. W. F. Edwards with Commentaries. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. p. 519. ISBN   9781107111721.
6. Edwards, A. W. F. (2009). "Statistical Methods for Evolutionary Trees". Genetics. 183 (1): 5–12. doi:10.1534/genetics.109.107847. ISSN   0016-6731. PMC   2746166 . PMID   19797062.
7. "University News". The Times. 15 June 1957. p. 8.
8. Edwards, A.W.F (March 2021). "Cancelled by his college". The Critic.
9. "Professor Anthony Edwards". Gonville & Caius College. 30 January 2013. Retrieved 2 May 2015.
10. Edwards, A. W. F. (1986). "Are Mendel's Results Really Too Close?". Biological Reviews. 61 (4): 295–312. doi:10.1111/j.1469-185X.1986.tb00656.x. PMID   3542070. S2CID   42928841.
11. "A Realised Path: The Cambridge Statistical Laboratory upto (sic) 1993 (revised 2002)". Archived from the original on 19 December 2013. Retrieved 14 January 2006.
12. "Cambridge University Library photograph of Edwards as Chairman of the Library Syndicate making a presentation to the President of Israel". Archived from the original on 20 September 2006. Retrieved 17 April 2006.
13. Edwards inspired the window in the Hall of Caius College, celebrating Venn and Fisher, former fellows and heroes of Edwards
14. A collection of R. A. Fisher quotations compiled by A.W.F. Edwards
15. Kiernan, Jim. "Review of Cogwheels of the Mind". Mathematical Association of America. Retrieved 2 May 2015.
16. Felsenstein, J. (2004). Inferring Phylogenies. Sinauer, Sunderland, Mass. ISBN   0-87893-177-5
17. Edwards, A. W. F. (2003). "Human Genetic Diversity: Lewontin's Fallacy". BioEssays. 25 (8): 798–801. doi:10.1002/bies.10315. PMID   12879450.
18. Winther, Rasmus Grønfeldt (2018). Phylogenetic Inference, Selection Theory, and History of Science: Selected Papers of A. W. F. Edwards with Commentaries. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. ISBN   9781107111721.