| ARHGEF12 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Identifiers | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aliases | ARHGEF12 , LARG, PRO2792, Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 12 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| External IDs | OMIM: 604763 MGI: 1916882 HomoloGene: 9088 GeneCards: ARHGEF12 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Wikidata | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 12 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARHGEF12 gene. [5] [6] [7] This protein is also called RhoGEF12 or Leukemia-associated Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (LARG).
Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 12 is guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for the RhoA small GTPase protein. [5] Rho is a small GTPase protein that is inactive when bound to the guanine nucleotide GDP. But when acted on by Rho GEF proteins such as RhoGEF1, this GDP is released and replaced by GTP, leading to the active state of Rho. In this active, GTP-bound conformation, Rho can bind to and activate specific effector proteins and enzymes to regulate cellular functions. [8] In particular, active Rho is a major regulator of the cell actin cytoskeleton. [8]
RhoGEF12 is a member of a group of four RhoGEF proteins known to be activated by G protein coupled receptors coupled to the G12 and G13 heterotrimeric G proteins. [9] The others are ARHGEF1 (also known as p115-RhoGEF), ARHGEF11 (also known as PDZ-RhoGEF) and AKAP13 (also known as ARHGEF13 and Lbc). [10] [11] GPCR-regulated RhoGEF12 (and these related GEF proteins) acts as an effector for G12 and G13 G proteins. In addition to being activated by G12 or G13 G proteins, three of these four RhoGEF proteins (ARHGEF1/11/12) also function as RGS family GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) to increase the rate of GTP hydrolysis of G12/G13 alpha proteins (which are themselves GTPase proteins). This action increases the rate of G protein deactivation, limiting the time during which these RhoGEFs activate Rho. [12]
This protein is observed to form myeloid/lymphoid fusion partner in acute myeloid leukemia. [7]
ARHGEF12 has been shown to interact with:
Transforming protein RhoA, also known as Ras homolog family member A (RhoA), is a small GTPase protein in the Rho family of GTPases that in humans is encoded by the RHOA gene. While the effects of RhoA activity are not all well known, it is primarily associated with cytoskeleton regulation, mostly actin stress fibers formation and actomyosin contractility. It acts upon several effectors. Among them, ROCK1 and DIAPH1 are the best described. RhoA, and the other Rho GTPases, are part of a larger family of related proteins known as the Ras superfamily, a family of proteins involved in the regulation and timing of cell division. RhoA is one of the oldest Rho GTPases, with homologues present in the genomes since 1.5 billion years. As a consequence, RhoA is somehow involved in many cellular processes which emerged throughout evolution. RhoA specifically is regarded as a prominent regulatory factor in other functions such as the regulation of cytoskeletal dynamics, transcription, cell cycle progression and cell transformation.
Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor TIAM1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TIAM1 gene.
RhoGEF domain describes two distinct structural domains with guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity to regulate small GTPases in the Rho family. Rho small GTPases are inactive when bound to GDP but active when bound to GTP; RhoGEF domains in proteins are able to promote GDP release and GTP binding to activate specific Rho family members, including RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42.
Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARHGEF7 gene.
A-kinase anchor protein 13 is a protein that in humans, is encoded by the AKAP13 gene. This protein is also called AKAP-Lbc because it encodes the lymphocyte blast crisis (Lbc) oncogene, and ARHGEF13/RhoGEF13 because it contains a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) domain for the RhoA small GTP-binding protein.
Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 6 is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the ARHGEF6 gene.
Plexin B1 is a protein of the plexin family that in humans is encoded by the PLXNB1 gene.
Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARHGEF1 gene. This protein is also called RhoGEF1 or p115-RhoGEF.
Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARHGEF2 gene.
Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 11 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARHGEF11 gene. This protein is also called RhoGEF11 or PDZ-RhoGEF.
RhoG is a small monomeric GTP-binding protein, and is an important component of many intracellular signalling pathways. It is a member of the Rac subfamily of the Rho family of small G proteins and is encoded by the gene RHOG.
Triple functional domain protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRIO gene.
Rnd1 is a small signaling G protein, and is a member of the Rnd subgroup of the Rho family of GTPases. It is encoded by the gene RND1.
Plexin-B2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PLXNB2 gene.
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAPGEF2 gene.
Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 3, also known as ARHGEF3, is a human gene.
Plexin-B3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PLXNB3 gene.
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNA13 gene.
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-12 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNA12 gene.
Pleckstrin homology domain containing, family G member 2 (PLEKHG2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PLEKHG2 gene. It is sometimes written as ARHGEF42, FLJ00018.
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