Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNA13 gene. [5] [6]
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNA13 gene. [5] [6]
The GNA13 gene encodes the G13 G protein alpha subunit. Together with GNA12, these two proteins comprise one of the four classes of heterotrimeric G protein alpha subunits. [7] Heterotrimeric G proteins function in transducing hormone and neurotransmitter signals detected by cell surface G protein-coupled receptors to intracellular signaling pathways to modulate cell functions. G protein alpha subunits bind to guanine nucleotides and function in a regulatory cycle, and are active when bound to GTP but inactive and associated with the G beta-gamma complex when bound to GDP. [8] [9]
Active GTP-bound G12 alpha subunit interacts with and activates ARHGEF1, [10] [11] [12] ARHGEF11, [13] [14] and ARHGEF12. [15] [16] These ARHGEF proteins function as guanine nucleotide exchange factors for the Rho small GTPases to regulate the actin cytoskeleton. [17]
GNA13 has been shown to interact with AKAP3, [18] RIC8A, [19] [20] and Radixin. [21]
Recurrent mutations in this gene have been associated to cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. [22] [23]
GTPases are a large family of hydrolase enzymes that bind to the nucleotide guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and hydrolyze it to guanosine diphosphate (GDP). The GTP binding and hydrolysis takes place in the highly conserved P-loop "G domain", a protein domain common to many GTPases.
Heterotrimeric G protein, also sometimes referred to as the "large" G proteins are membrane-associated G proteins that form a heterotrimeric complex. The biggest non-structural difference between heterotrimeric and monomeric G protein is that heterotrimeric proteins bind to their cell-surface receptors, called G protein-coupled receptors, directly. These G proteins are made up of alpha (α), beta (β) and gamma (γ) subunits. The alpha subunit is attached to either a GTP or GDP, which serves as an on-off switch for the activation of G-protein.
G12/G13 alpha subunits are alpha subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins that link cell surface G protein-coupled receptors primarily to guanine nucleotide exchange factors for the Rho small GTPases to regulate the actin cytoskeleton. Together, these two proteins comprise one of the four classes of G protein alpha subunits. G protein alpha subunits bind to guanine nucleotides and function in a regulatory cycle, and are active when bound to GTP but inactive and associated with the G beta-gamma complex when bound to GDP. G12/G13 are not targets of pertussis toxin or cholera toxin, as are other classes of G protein alpha subunits.
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNAQ gene. Together with GNA11, it functions as a Gq alpha subunit.
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i), alpha-2 subunit is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNAI2 gene.
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i), alpha-1 subunit is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNAI1 gene.
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNB1 gene.
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNAO1 gene.
A-kinase anchor protein 13 is an protein that in humans is encoded by the AKAP13 gene. This protein is also called AKAP-Lbc because it encodes the lymphocyte blast crisis (Lbc) oncogene, and ARHGEF13/RhoGEF13 because it contains a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) domain for the RhoA small GTP-binding protein.
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNG2 gene.
Regulator of G-protein signaling 16 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RGS16 gene.
Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARHGEF1 gene. This protein is also called RhoGEF1 or p115-RhoGEF.
Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 11 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARHGEF11 gene. This protein is also called RhoGEF11 or PDZ-RhoGEF.
Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 12 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARHGEF12 gene. This protein is also called RhoGEF12 or Leukemia-associated Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (LARG).
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNB4 gene.
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(k) subunit alpha is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNAI3 gene.
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNA11 gene. Together with GNAQ, it functions as a Gq alpha subunit.
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-12 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNA12 gene.
GoLoco motif is a protein structural motif.
Pleckstrin homology domain containing, family G member 2 (PLEKHG2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PLEKHG2 gene. It is sometimes written as ARHGEF42, FLJ00018.
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This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.
