RhoD

Last updated
RHOD
Protein RHOD PDB 2j1l.png
Available structures
PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
Aliases RHOD , ARHD, RHOHP1, RHOM, Rho, RhoD, ras homolog family member D
External IDs OMIM: 605781; MGI: 108446; HomoloGene: 22409; GeneCards: RHOD; OMA:RHOD - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_014578
NM_001300886

NM_007485
NM_001329989

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001287815
NP_055393

NP_001316918
NP_031511

Location (UCSC) Chr 11: 67.06 – 67.07 Mb Chr 19: 4.48 – 4.49 Mb
PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

RhoD (Ras homolog gene family, member D) is a small (~21 kDa) signaling G protein (more specifically a GTPase), and is a member of the Rac subfamily of the family Rho family of GTPases. [5] It is encoded by the gene RHOD. [6]

Contents

It binds GTP and is involved in endosome dynamics and reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, and it may coordinate membrane transport with the function of the cytoskeleton. [6] [7]

Interactions

RhoD has been shown to interact with CNKSR1 [8] and DIAPH2. [9]

Related Research Articles

The Rho family of GTPases is a family of small signaling G proteins, and is a subfamily of the Ras superfamily. The members of the Rho GTPase family have been shown to regulate many aspects of intracellular actin dynamics, and are found in all eukaryotic kingdoms, including yeasts and some plants. Three members of the family have been studied in detail: Cdc42, Rac1, and RhoA. All G proteins are "molecular switches", and Rho proteins play a role in organelle development, cytoskeletal dynamics, cell movement, and other common cellular functions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CDC42</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Cell division control protein 42 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CDC42 gene. Cdc42 is involved in regulation of the cell cycle. It was originally identified in S. cerevisiae (yeast) as a mediator of cell division, and is now known to influence a variety of signaling events and cellular processes in a variety of organisms from yeast to mammals.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Transforming protein RhoA</span> Protein and coding gene in humans

Transforming protein RhoA, also known as Ras homolog family member A (RhoA), is a small GTPase protein in the Rho family of GTPases that in humans is encoded by the RHOA gene. While the effects of RhoA activity are not all well known, it is primarily associated with cytoskeleton regulation, mostly actin stress fibers formation and actomyosin contractility. It acts upon several effectors. Among them, ROCK1 and DIAPH1 are the best described. RhoA, and the other Rho GTPases, are part of a larger family of related proteins known as the Ras superfamily, a family of proteins involved in the regulation and timing of cell division. RhoA is one of the oldest Rho GTPases, with homologues present in the genomes since 1.5 billion years. As a consequence, RhoA is somehow involved in many cellular processes which emerged throughout evolution. RhoA specifically is regarded as a prominent regulatory factor in other functions such as the regulation of cytoskeletal dynamics, transcription, cell cycle progression and cell transformation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">PAK1</span> Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens

Serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PAK1 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">ROCK1</span> Protein

ROCK1 is a protein serine/threonine kinase also known as rho-associated, coiled-coil-containing protein kinase 1. Other common names are ROKβ and P160ROCK. ROCK1 is a major downstream effector of the small GTPase RhoA and is a regulator of the actomyosin cytoskeleton which promotes contractile force generation. ROCK1 plays a role in cancer and in particular cell motility, metastasis, and angiogenesis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">RAB5A</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Ras-related protein Rab-5A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAB5A gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">RACGAP1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Rac GTPase-activating protein 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RACGAP1 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">IQGAP1</span>

Ras GTPase-activating-like protein IQGAP1 (IQGAP1) also known as p195 is a ubiquitously expressed protein that in humans is encoded by the IQGAP1 gene. IQGAP1 is a scaffold protein involved in regulating various cellular processes ranging from organization of the actin cytoskeleton, transcription, and cellular adhesion to regulating the cell cycle.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">RhoC</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

RhoC is a small signaling G protein, and is a member of the Rac subfamily of the family Rho family of GTPases. It is encoded by the gene RHOC.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">RhoG</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

RhoG is a small monomeric GTP-binding protein, and is an important component of many intracellular signalling pathways. It is a member of the Rac subfamily of the Rho family of small G proteins and is encoded by the gene RHOG.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rnd1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Rnd1 is a small signaling G protein, and is a member of the Rnd subgroup of the Rho family of GTPases. It is encoded by the gene RND1.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">ARHGAP5</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Rho GTPase-activating protein 5 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ARHGAP5 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CNKSR1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Connector enhancer of kinase suppressor of ras 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CNKSR1 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">DIAPH2</span> Protein-coding gene in humans

Protein diaphanous homolog 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DIAPH2 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rnd3</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Rnd3 is a small signaling G protein, and is a member of the Rnd subgroup of the Rho family of GTPases. It is encoded by the gene RND3.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">RHPN2</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Rhophilin-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RHPN2 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">DAAM1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Dishevelled-associated activator of morphogenesis 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DAAM1 gene. Evidence of alternative splicing has been observed for this gene but the full-length nature of these variants has not been determined.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">RHPN1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Rhophilin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RHPN1 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cingulin-like protein 1</span> Protein found in humans

Cingulin-like protein 1, also known as paracingulin or junction-associated-coiled-coil protein (JACOP), is a protein which is encoded by the CGNL1 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ras-interacting protein 1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Ras-interacting protein 1(Rain), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RASIP1 gene.

References

  1. 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000173156 Ensembl, May 2017
  2. 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000041845 Ensembl, May 2017
  3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. Ridley AJ (October 2006). "Rho GTPases and actin dynamics in membrane protrusions and vesicle trafficking". Trends in Cell Biology. 16 (10): 522–529. doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2006.08.006. PMID   16949823.
  6. 1 2 "Entrez Gene: RHOD ras homolog gene family, member D".
  7. Nehru V, Voytyuk O, Lennartsson J, Aspenström P (December 2013). "RhoD binds the Rab5 effector Rabankyrin-5 and has a role in trafficking of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor". Traffic. 14 (12): 1242–1254. doi: 10.1111/tra.12121 . PMID   24102721. S2CID   3416403.
  8. Jaffe AB, Aspenström P, Hall A (February 2004). "Human CNK1 acts as a scaffold protein, linking Rho and Ras signal transduction pathways". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 24 (4): 1736–1746. doi:10.1128/MCB.24.4.1736-1746.2004. PMC   344169 . PMID   14749388.
  9. Gasman S, Kalaidzidis Y, Zerial M (March 2003). "RhoD regulates endosome dynamics through Diaphanous-related Formin and Src tyrosine kinase". Nature Cell Biology. 5 (3): 195–204. doi:10.1038/ncb935. PMID   12577064. S2CID   17891748.

Further reading