GNB2

GNB2
Identifiers
Aliases	GNB2 , G protein subunit beta 2, SSS4, SSS4; NEDHYDF, HG2C1
External IDs	OMIM: 139390 MGI: 95784 HomoloGene: 68451 GeneCards: GNB2
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 7 (human) [1] Band 7q22.1 Start 100,673,567 bp [1] End 100,679,174 bp [1]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in anterior pituitary stromal cell of endometrium ganglionic eminence right uterine tube skin of abdomen left uterine tube gastric mucosa right lung canal of the cervix Right adrenal gland n/a More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function protein-containing complex binding calcium channel regulator activity signal transducer activity protein binding GTPase activity GTPase binding Cellular component cytoplasm cell body vesicle membrane focal adhesion myelin sheath plasma membrane lysosomal membrane perinuclear region of cytoplasm extracellular exosome cytosol extracellular space protein-containing complex Biological process G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway cellular response to glucagon stimulus signal transduction protein folding regulation of molecular function Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 2783 14693 Ensembl ENSG00000172354 n/a UniProt P62879 P62880 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_005273 NM_010312 RefSeq (protein) NP_005264 NP_034442 Location (UCSC) Chr 7: 100.67 – 100.68 Mb n/a PubMed search [2] [3]
Wikidata
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Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNB2 gene. ^{[4] [5]}

Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins), which integrate signals between receptors and effector proteins, are composed of an alpha, a beta, and a gamma subunit. These subunits are encoded by families of related genes.

This gene encodes a beta subunit. Beta subunits are important regulators of alpha subunits, as well as of certain signal transduction receptors and effectors. This gene contains a trinucleotide (CCG) repeat length polymorphism in its 5' UTR. ^[5]

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000172354 - Ensembl, May 2017
2. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
3. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. Glockner G, Scherer S, Schattevoy R, Boright A, Weber J, Tsui LC, Rosenthal A (Dec 1998). "Large-scale sequencing of two regions in human chromosome 7q22: analysis of 650 kb of genomic sequence around the EPO and CUTL1 loci reveals 17 genes". Genome Res. 8 (10): 1060–73. doi:10.1101/gr.8.10.1060. PMC   310788 . PMID   9799793.
5. "Entrez Gene: GNB2 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta polypeptide 2".

Further reading

• Downes GB, Gautam N (2000). "The G protein subunit gene families". Genomics. 62 (3): 544–52. doi:10.1006/geno.1999.5992. PMID   10644457.
• Dawson SJ, White LA (1992). "Treatment of Haemophilus aphrophilus endocarditis with ciprofloxacin". J. Infect. 24 (3): 317–20. doi:10.1016/S0163-4453(05)80037-4. PMID   1602151.
• Lovett M, Kere J, Hinton LM (1991). "Direct selection: a method for the isolation of cDNAs encoded by large genomic regions". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88 (21): 9628–32. Bibcode:1991PNAS...88.9628L. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.21.9628 . PMC   52771 . PMID   1946378.
• Blatt C, Eversole-Cire P, Cohn VH, et al. (1988). "Chromosomal localization of genes encoding guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunits in mouse and human". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85 (20): 7642–6. Bibcode:1988PNAS...85.7642B. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.20.7642 . PMC   282248 . PMID   2902634.
• Fong HK, Amatruda TT, Birren BW, Simon MI (1987). "Distinct forms of the beta subunit of GTP-binding regulatory proteins identified by molecular cloning". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84 (11): 3792–6. Bibcode:1987PNAS...84.3792F. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.11.3792 . PMC   304962 . PMID   3108879.
• Gao B, Gilman AG, Robishaw JD (1987). "A second form of the beta subunit of signal-transducing G proteins". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84 (17): 6122–5. Bibcode:1987PNAS...84.6122G. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.17.6122 . PMC   299020 . PMID   3114742.
• Buhl AM, Osawa S, Johnson GL (1995). "Mitogen-activated protein kinase activation requires two signal inputs from the human anaphylatoxin C5a receptor". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (34): 19828–32. doi: 10.1074/jbc.270.34.19828 . PMID   7649993.
• Ray K, Kunsch C, Bonner LM, Robishaw JD (1995). "Isolation of cDNA clones encoding eight different human G protein gamma subunits, including three novel forms designated the gamma 4, gamma 10, and gamma 11 subunits". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (37): 21765–71. doi: 10.1074/jbc.270.37.21765 . PMID   7665596.
• Pumiglia KM, LeVine H, Haske T, et al. (1995). "A direct interaction between G-protein beta gamma subunits and the Raf-1 protein kinase". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (24): 14251–4. doi: 10.1074/jbc.270.24.14251 . PMID   7782277.
• Ueda N, Iñiguez-Lluhi JA, Lee E, et al. (1994). "G protein beta gamma subunits. Simplified purification and properties of novel isoforms". J. Biol. Chem. 269 (6): 4388–95. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)41792-3 . PMID   8308009.
• Liang JJ, Cockett M, Khawaja XZ (1998). "Immunohistochemical localization of G protein beta1, beta2, beta3, beta4, beta5, and gamma3 subunits in the adult rat brain". J. Neurochem. 71 (1): 345–55. doi: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.71010345.x . PMID   9648884. S2CID   83954980.
• Kleiderlein JJ, Nisson PE, Jessee J, et al. (1999). "CCG repeats in cDNAs from human brain". Hum. Genet. 103 (6): 666–73. doi:10.1007/s004390050889. PMID   9921901. S2CID   23696667.
• Asano T, Morishita R, Ueda H, Kato K (1999). "Selective association of G protein beta(4) with gamma(5) and gamma(12) subunits in bovine tissues". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (30): 21425–9. doi: 10.1074/jbc.274.30.21425 . PMID   10409705.
• Suzuki H, Fukunishi Y, Kagawa I, et al. (2001). "Protein-protein interaction panel using mouse full-length cDNAs". Genome Res. 11 (10): 1758–65. doi:10.1101/gr.180101. PMC   311163 . PMID   11591653.
• Blake BL, Wing MR, Zhou JY, et al. (2002). "G beta association and effector interaction selectivities of the divergent G gamma subunit G gamma(13)". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (52): 49267–74. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M106565200 . PMID   11675383.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi: 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . PMC   139241 . PMID   12477932.
• Cuello F, Schulze RA, Heemeyer F, et al. (2003). "Activation of heterotrimeric G proteins by a high energy phosphate transfer via nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) B and Gbeta subunits. Complex formation of NDPK B with Gbeta gamma dimers and phosphorylation of His-266 IN Gbeta". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (9): 7220–6. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M210304200 . PMID   12486123.
• Sprague RS, Bowles EA, Olearczyk JJ, et al. (2003). "The role of G protein beta subunits in the release of ATP from human erythrocytes". J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 53 (4 Pt 1): 667–74. PMID   12512701.